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Huang Y, Hu R, Liu Z, Geng Y, Li F, Song Y, Ma W, Dong H, Xu L, Zhang M, Song K. Bushen Huoxue recipe ameliorates ovarian function via promoting BMSCs proliferation and homing to ovaries in POI mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155630. [PMID: 38678952 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a tricky puzzle in the field of female reproductive medicine. Bushen Huoxue recipe (BHR), a traditional Chinese medicine compound based on the combination of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating functions, has shown excellent efficacy in improving female irregular menstruation, POI, and infertility. However, the potential mechanism of BHR in POI treatment has not yet been elucidated. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), a type of pluripotent stem cells, have received increasing attention for their significant role in improving ovarian function and restoring fertility in women with POI. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BHR in POI mice and explore its potential mechanism. METHODS A POI mouse model was established with a single intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CTX). Distilled water, BHR, or dehydroepiandrosterone was administered via gavage for 28 consecutive days. The effect of BHR on ovarian function in POI mice was evaluated by assessing the estrous cycle, ovarian morphology, follicular development, hormone levels, and angiogenesis. The proportion of BMSCs in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and ovary was analyzed via flow cytometry, and the level of molecules mediating migration and homing in ovary was measured. Cell viability assays, scratch healing assays and transwell migration assays were performed to explore the effect of BHR on BMSCs proliferation and migration in vitro, and its potential mechanism was explored. RESULTS BHR significantly ameliorated estrous cycle disorders, hormone disorders, ovarian morphology, ovarian microvascular formation, and ovarian reserve in POI mice. Meanwhile, the number of BMSCs number in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and ovary was apparently increased. Of note, BHR increased the level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cellular mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (cMET) and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in the ovaries of POI mice. Moreover, BHR treatment promoted BMSCs proliferation and migration in vitro, with a significant increase in the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cMET, and CXCR4. CONCLUSIONS BHR effectively restored ovarian reserve, ovarian function, and ovarian angiogenesis in CTX-induced POI mice. In addition, BHR promoted BMSCs proliferation, migration, and homing to the ovary, which was mediated by the SDF-1/CXCR4 and HGF/cMET signaling axis. Finally, the amelioration of ovarian reserve and ovarian function in CTX-induced POI mice by BHR may be related to its promotion of endogenous BMSCs proliferation and homing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Runan Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yuli Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yufan Song
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Haoxu Dong
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Kunkun Song
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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Kvistad CE, Kråkenes T, Gavasso S, Bø L. Neural regeneration in the human central nervous system-from understanding the underlying mechanisms to developing treatments. Where do we stand today? Front Neurol 2024; 15:1398089. [PMID: 38803647 PMCID: PMC11129638 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1398089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mature neurons in the human central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate after injuries. This is a common denominator across different aetiologies, including multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and ischemic stroke. The lack of regeneration leads to permanent functional deficits with a substantial impact on patient quality of life, representing a significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Great efforts have been made to decipher the responsible mechanisms and we now know that potent intra- and extracellular barriers prevent axonal repair. This knowledge has resulted in numerous clinical trials, aiming to promote neuroregeneration through different approaches. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the causes to the poor regeneration within the human CNS. We also review the results of the treatment attempts that have been translated into clinical trials so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torbjørn Kråkenes
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Bø
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Sun Y, Jiang X, Gao J. Stem cell-based ischemic stroke therapy: Novel modifications and clinical challenges. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100867. [PMID: 38357525 PMCID: PMC10864855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) causes severe disability and high mortality worldwide. Stem cell (SC) therapy exhibits unique therapeutic potential for IS that differs from current treatments. SC's cell homing, differentiation and paracrine abilities give hope for neuroprotection. Recent studies on SC modification have enhanced therapeutic effects for IS, including gene transfection, nanoparticle modification, biomaterial modification and pretreatment. These methods improve survival rate, homing, neural differentiation, and paracrine abilities in ischemic areas. However, many problems must be resolved before SC therapy can be clinically applied. These issues include production quality and quantity, stability during transportation and storage, as well as usage regulations. Herein, we reviewed the brief pathogenesis of IS, the "multi-mechanism" advantages of SCs for treating IS, various SC modification methods, and SC therapy challenges. We aim to uncover the potential and overcome the challenges of using SCs for treating IS and convey innovative ideas for modifying SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinchi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Szymoniuk M, Litak J, Sakwa L, Dryla A, Zezuliński W, Czyżewski W, Kamieniak P, Blicharski T. Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Application of Multipotent Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2022; 12:120. [PMID: 36611914 PMCID: PMC9818156 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a common neurological disorder with devastating psychical and psychosocial sequelae. The majority of patients after SCI suffer from permanent disability caused by motor dysfunction, impaired sensation, neuropathic pain, spasticity as well as urinary complications, and a small number of patients experience a complete recovery. Current standard treatment modalities of the SCI aim to prevent secondary injury and provide limited recovery of lost neurological functions. Stem Cell Therapy (SCT) represents an emerging treatment approach using the differentiation, paracrine, and self-renewal capabilities of stem cells to regenerate the injured spinal cord. To date, multipotent stem cells including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represent the most investigated types of stem cells for the treatment of SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. The microenvironment of SCI has a significant impact on the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of transplanted stem cells. Therefore, a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of SCI and molecular mechanisms through which stem cells act may help improve the treatment efficacy of SCT and find new therapeutic approaches such as stem-cell-derived exosomes, gene-modified stem cells, scaffolds, and nanomaterials. In this literature review, the pathogenesis of SCI and molecular mechanisms of action of multipotent stem cells including MSCs, NSCs, and HSCs are comprehensively described. Moreover, the clinical efficacy of multipotent stem cells in SCI treatment, an optimal protocol of stem cell administration, and recent therapeutic approaches based on or combined with SCT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technologies and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dryla
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zezuliński
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Blicharski
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Huang Y, Zhu M, Liu Z, Hu R, Li F, Song Y, Geng Y, Ma W, Song K, Zhang M. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in premature ovarian failure: Mechanisms and prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:997808. [PMID: 36389844 PMCID: PMC9646528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.997808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common female reproductive disorder and characterized by menopause, increased gonadotropin levels and estrogen deficiency before the age of 40 years old. The etiologies and pathogenesis of POF are not fully clear. At present, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the main treatment options for POF. It helps to ameliorate perimenopausal symptoms and related health risks, but can't restore ovarian function and fertility fundamentally. With the development of regenerative medicine, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have shown great potential for the recovery of ovarian function and fertility based on the advantages of abundant sources, high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, low immunogenicity and less ethical considerations. This systematic review aims to summarize the possible therapeutic mechanisms of BMSCs for POF. A detailed search strategy of preclinical studies and clinical trials on BMSCs and POF was performed on PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase database. A total of 21 studies were included in this review. Although the standardization of BMSCs need more explorations, there is no doubt that BMSCs transplantation may represent a prospective therapy for POF. It is hope to provide a theoretical basis for further research and treatment for POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengdi Zhu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Runan Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yufan Song
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuli Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kunkun Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Mingmin Zhang, ; Kunkun Song,
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Mingmin Zhang, ; Kunkun Song,
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Tang W, Lv X, Huang J, Wang B, Lin L, Shen Y, Yao Y. Neuroprotective Effect of Stroke Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. World Neurosurg 2022; 165:e1-e11. [PMID: 33957285 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to enhance neurological recovery after stroke. A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model was designed to assess neuroprotective effects of stroke pretreated MSCs on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS MSCs were isolated and cultured in medium with 10% fetal bovine serum, normal control serum, or stroke serum (SS). MSCs were then injected into rats (n = 6 in each group) 1 day after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and feeding continued for 28 days. A battery of behavioral tests, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay were used to assess neural injury. To detect enhancement of neuronal regeneration and angiogenesis, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were performed to assess expression of trophic factors and growth factors. RESULTS After treatment, behavior of rats improved significantly. Infarction area, brain lesion, and apoptosis cells were significantly decreased in the SS-MSCs group compared with the other groups. SS-MSCs also modulated inflammation by attenuating inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the number of neurogenesis-positive cells and expression of trophic factors and growth factors were significantly higher in the SS-MSCs group compared with the others. MSCs cultured with fetal bovine serum and normal control serum showed differences in expression of trophic factors and growth factors, but the results were not as good as with SS-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Administration of SS-MCSs after reperfusion led to neuroprotection by inducing the recovery process, including improving pathological changes, behavioral improvement, neurogenesis, suppression of apoptosis and inflammation, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiu Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baiyong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leqing Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueliang Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Yao
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
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Xie JL, Wang XR, Li MM, Tao ZH, Teng WW, Saijilafu. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms and Prospects. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:862673. [PMID: 35722621 PMCID: PMC9204037 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.862673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction in patients and imposes a huge economic cost to individuals and society. Due to its complicated pathophysiological mechanism, there is not yet an optimal treatment available for SCI. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidate transplant cells for use in SCI treatment. The multipotency of MSCs, as well as their rich trophic and immunomodulatory abilities through paracrine signaling, are expected to play an important role in neural repair. At the same time, the simplicity of MSCs isolation and culture and the bypassing of ethical barriers to stem cell transplantation make them more attractive. However, the MSCs concept has evolved in a specific research context to encompass different populations of cells with a variety of biological characteristics, and failure to understand this can undermine the quality of research in the field. Here, we review the development of the concept of MSCs in order to clarify misconceptions and discuss the controversy in MSCs neural differentiation. We also summarize a potential role of MSCs in SCI treatment, including their migration and trophic and immunomodulatory effects, and their ability to relieve neuropathic pain, and we also highlight directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Le Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Orthopaedic Institute, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing-Ran Wang
- Orthopaedic Institute, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei-Mei Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zi-Han Tao
- Orthopaedic Institute, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wen Teng
- Orthopaedic Institute, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Orthopaedic Institute, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Saijilafu,
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Extended Ischemic Recovery After Implantation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates Indicated by Sodium MRI at 21.1 T. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:543-555. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chen H, Shang D, Wen Y, Liang C. Bone-Derived Modulators That Regulate Brain Function: Emerging Therapeutic Targets for Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:683457. [PMID: 34179014 PMCID: PMC8222721 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone has traditionally been regarded as a structural organ that supports and protects the various organs of the body. Recent studies suggest that bone also acts as an endocrine organ to regulate whole-body metabolism. Particularly, homeostasis of the bone is shown to be necessary for brain development and function. Abnormal bone metabolism is associated with the onset and progression of neurological disorders. Recently, multiple bone-derived modulators have been shown to participate in brain function and neurological disorders, including osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and osteopontin, as have bone marrow-derived cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and microglia-like cells. This review summarizes current findings regarding the roles of these bone-derived modulators in the brain, and also follows their involvement in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. The content of this review may aide in the development of promising therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders via targeting bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Liu H, Reiter S, Zhou X, Chen H, Ou Y, Lenahan C, He Y. Insight Into the Mechanisms and the Challenges on Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:637210. [PMID: 33732111 PMCID: PMC7959708 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.637210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes are the most common types of cerebrovascular disease and remain a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral ischemic stroke is caused by a reduction in blood flow to the brain. In this disease, two major zones of injury are identified: the lesion core, in which cells rapidly progress toward death, and the ischemic penumbra (surrounding the lesion core), which is defined as hypoperfusion tissue where cells may remain viable and can be repaired. Two methods that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include intravenous thrombolytic therapy and endovascular thrombectomy, however, the narrow therapeutic window poses a limitation, and therefore a low percentage of stroke patients actually receive these treatments. Developments in stem cell therapy have introduced renewed hope to patients with ischemic stroke due to its potential effect for reversing the neurological sequelae. Over the last few decades, animal tests and clinical trials have been used to treat ischemic stroke experimentally with various types of stem cells. However, several technical and ethical challenges must be overcome before stem cells can become a choice for the treatment of stroke. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms, processes, and challenges of using stem cells in stroke treatment. We also discuss new developing trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sydney Reiter
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Xiangyue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanmin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibo Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Brain morphological and connectivity changes on MRI after stem cell therapy in a rat stroke model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246817. [PMID: 33592008 PMCID: PMC7886198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In animal models of stroke, behavioral assessments could be complemented by a variety of neuroimaging studies to correlate them with recovery and better understand mechanisms of improvement after stem cell therapy. We evaluated morphological and connectivity changes after treatment with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a rat stroke model, through quantitative measurement of T2-weighted images and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rats randomly received PBS (PBS-only), FBS cultured hMSCs (FBS-hMSCs), or stroke patients’ serum cultured hMSCs (SS-hMSCs). Functional improvement was assessed using a modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Quantitative analyses of T2-weighted ischemic lesion and ventricular volume changes were performed. Brain microstructure/connectivity changes were evaluated in the ischemic recovery area by DTI-derived microstructural indices such as relative fractional anisotropy (rFA), relative axial diffusivity (rAD), and relative radial diffusivity (rRD), and relative fiber density (rFD) analyses. According to mNSS results, the SS-hMSCs group showed the most prominent functional improvement. Infarct lesion volume of the SS-hMSCs group was significantly decreased at 2 weeks when compared to the PBS-only groups, but there were no differences between the FBS-hMSCs and SS-hMSCs groups. Brain atrophy was significantly decreased in the SS-hMSCs group compared to the other groups. In DTI, rFA and rFD values were significantly higher and rRD value was significant lower in the SS-hMSCs group and these microstructure/connectivity changes were correlated with T2-weighted morphological changes. T2-weighted volume alterations (ischemic lesion and brain atrophy), and DTI microstructural indices and rFD changes, were well matched with the results of behavioral assessment. These quantitative MRI measurements could be potential outcome predictors of functional recovery after treatment with stem cells for stroke.
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Chung JW, Chang WH, Bang OY, Moon GJ, Kim SJ, Kim SK, Lee JS, Sohn SI, Kim YH. Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Ischemic Stroke. Neurology 2021; 96:e1012-e1023. [PMID: 33472925 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether autologous modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improve recovery in patients with chronic major stroke. METHODS In this prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome evaluation, patients with severe middle cerebral artery territory infarct within 90 days of symptom onset were assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive preconditioned autologous MSC injections (MSC group) or standard treatment alone (control group). The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. The secondary outcome was to further demonstrate motor recovery. RESULTS A total of 39 and 15 patients were included in the MSC and control groups, respectively, for the final intention-to-treat analysis. Mean age of patients was 68 (range 28-83) years, and mean interval between stroke onset to randomization was 20.2 (range 5-89) days. Baseline characteristics were not different between groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the mRS score shift at 3 months (p = 0.732). However, secondary analyses showed significant improvements in lower extremity motor function in the MSC group compared to the control group (change in the leg score of the Motricity Index, p = 0.023), which was notable among patients with low predicted recovery potential. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS IV application of preconditioned, autologous MSCs with autologous serum was feasible and safe in patients with chronic major stroke. MSC treatment was not associated with improvements in the 3-month mRS score, but we did observe leg motor improvement in detailed functional analyses. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that autologous MSCs do not improve 90-day outcomes in patients with chronic stroke. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01716481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Chung
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., S.J.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., G.J.M.) and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (G.J.M.), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (W.H.C., Y.-H.K.), Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; School of Life Sciences (G.J.M.), BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Neurology (S.-K.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neurology (J.S.L.), Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon; and Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Dr. Moon is currently affiliated with the Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Science and the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Chang
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., S.J.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., G.J.M.) and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (G.J.M.), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (W.H.C., Y.-H.K.), Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; School of Life Sciences (G.J.M.), BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Neurology (S.-K.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neurology (J.S.L.), Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon; and Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Dr. Moon is currently affiliated with the Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Science and the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oh Young Bang
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., S.J.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., G.J.M.) and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (G.J.M.), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (W.H.C., Y.-H.K.), Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; School of Life Sciences (G.J.M.), BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Neurology (S.-K.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neurology (J.S.L.), Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon; and Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Dr. Moon is currently affiliated with the Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Science and the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Gyeong Joon Moon
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., S.J.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., G.J.M.) and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (G.J.M.), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (W.H.C., Y.-H.K.), Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; School of Life Sciences (G.J.M.), BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Neurology (S.-K.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neurology (J.S.L.), Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon; and Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Dr. Moon is currently affiliated with the Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Science and the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk Jae Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., S.J.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., G.J.M.) and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (G.J.M.), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (W.H.C., Y.-H.K.), Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; School of Life Sciences (G.J.M.), BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Neurology (S.-K.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neurology (J.S.L.), Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon; and Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Dr. Moon is currently affiliated with the Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Science and the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., S.J.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., G.J.M.) and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (G.J.M.), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (W.H.C., Y.-H.K.), Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; School of Life Sciences (G.J.M.), BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Neurology (S.-K.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neurology (J.S.L.), Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon; and Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Dr. Moon is currently affiliated with the Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Science and the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., S.J.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., G.J.M.) and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (G.J.M.), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (W.H.C., Y.-H.K.), Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; School of Life Sciences (G.J.M.), BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Neurology (S.-K.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neurology (J.S.L.), Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon; and Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Dr. Moon is currently affiliated with the Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Science and the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Sohn
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., S.J.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., G.J.M.) and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (G.J.M.), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (W.H.C., Y.-H.K.), Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; School of Life Sciences (G.J.M.), BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Neurology (S.-K.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neurology (J.S.L.), Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon; and Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Dr. Moon is currently affiliated with the Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Science and the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- From the Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., S.J.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., O.Y.B., G.J.M.) and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (G.J.M.), Samsung Medical Center; Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (W.H.C., Y.-H.K.), Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; School of Life Sciences (G.J.M.), BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu; Department of Neurology (S.-K.K.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju; Department of Neurology (J.S.L.), Ajou University Hospital, School of Medicine, Suwon; and Department of Neurology (S.-I.S.), Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. Dr. Moon is currently affiliated with the Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Science and the Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Wu MR, Lee CH, Hsiao JK. Bidirectional Enhancement of Cell Proliferation Between Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Choroid Plexus in a Cell-Based Therapy Model of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9181-9195. [PMID: 33239875 PMCID: PMC7682617 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s278687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has shown success in experimental settings, but its translation into clinical practice is challenging. The choroid plexus (CP) plays a regulatory role in neural regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote neurogenesis in the ventricular-subventricular zone. However, it is unclear whether MSCs interact with the CP in brain tissue repair. METHODS Rat (r)MSCs were labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) and transduced with red fluorescent protein, and then injected into the brain of rats with ischemic stroke and monitored over time by magnetic resonance imaging. The functional recovery of rats was determined by the corner test score, Modified Neurological Severity score, and stroke volume. MSCs and CP were also co-cultured for 14 days, and the medium was analyzed with a cytokine array. RESULTS In vivo imaging and histologic analysis revealed that ION-labeled MSCs were mainly located at the injection site and migrated to the infarct area and to the CP. Functional recovery was greater in rats treated with MSCs as compared to those that received mock treatment. Bidirectional enhancement of proliferation in MSCs and CP was observed in the co-culture; moreover, MSCs migrated to the CP. Cytokine analysis revealed elevated levels of proliferation- and adhesion-related cytokines and chemokines in the culture medium. Wikipathway predictions indicated that insulin-like growth factor 1/Akt signaling (WP3675), chemokine signaling pathway (WP2292), and spinal cord injury (WP2432) are involved in the increased proliferation and migration of MSCs co-cultured with the CP. CONCLUSION Crosstalk with the CP enhances MSC proliferation and migration in a transwell assay. Moreover, MRI reveals MSC migration towards the CP in an ischemic stroke model. The secreted factors resulting from this interaction have therapeutic potential for promoting functional recovery in the brain after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menq-Rong Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City23142, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City23142, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Kai Hsiao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien97004, Taiwan
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14
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Badyra B, Sułkowski M, Milczarek O, Majka M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a multimodal treatment for nervous system diseases. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1174-1189. [PMID: 32573961 PMCID: PMC7519763 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a massive challenge for modern medicine. Apart from the fact that this group of diseases is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the majority of patients have no access to any possible effective and standardized treatment after being diagnosed, leaving them and their families helpless. This is the reason why such great emphasis is being placed on the development of new, more effective methods to treat neurological patients. Regenerative medicine opens new therapeutic approaches in neurology, including the use of cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on summarizing one of the cell sources that can be applied as a multimodal treatment tool to overcome the complex issue of neurodegeneration-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Apart from the highly proven safety of this approach, beneficial effects connected to this type of treatment have been observed. This review presents modes of action of MSCs, explained on the basis of data from vast in vitro and preclinical studies, and we summarize the effects of using these cells in clinical trial settings. Finally, we stress what improvements have already been made to clarify the exact mechanism of MSCs action, and we discuss potential ways to improve the introduction of MSC-based therapies in clinics. In summary, we propose that more insightful and methodical optimization, by combining careful preparation and administration, can enable use of multimodal MSCs as an effective, tailored cell therapy suited to specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Badyra
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Maciej Sułkowski
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Olga Milczarek
- Department of Children NeurosurgeryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
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15
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Zhang H, Rzechorzek W, Aghajanian A, Faber JE. Hypoxia induces de novo formation of cerebral collaterals and lessens the severity of ischemic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1806-1822. [PMID: 32423327 PMCID: PMC7430105 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20924107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pial collaterals provide protection in stroke. Evidence suggests their formation late during gestation (collaterogenesis) is driven by reduced oxygen levels in the cerebral watersheds. The purpose of this study was to determine if collaterogenesis can be re-activated in the adult to induce formation of additional collaterals ("neo-collateral formation", NCF). Mice were gradually acclimated to reduced inspired oxygen (FIO2) and maintained at 12, 10, 8.5 or 7% for two-to-eight weeks. Hypoxemia induced "dose"-dependent NCF and remodeling of native collaterals, and decreased infarct volume after permanent MCA occlusion. In contrast, no formation occurred of addition collateral-like intra-tree anastomoses, PComs, or branches within the MCA tree. Hypoxic NCF, remodeling and infarct protection were durable, i.e. retained for at least six weeks after return to normoxia. Hypoxia increased expression of Hif2α, Vegfa, Rabep2, Angpt2, Tie2 and Cxcr4. Neo-collateral formation was abolished in mice lacking Rabep2, a novel gene involved in VEGFA→Flk1 signaling and required for formation of collaterals during development, and inhibited by knockdown of Vegfa, Flk1 and Cxcr4. Rabep2-dependent NCF was also induced by permanent MCA occlusion. This is the first report that hypoxia induces new pial collaterals to form. Hypoxia- and occlusion-induced neo-collateral formation provide models to study collaterogenesis in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wojciech Rzechorzek
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amir Aghajanian
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke: A look into treatment mechanism and therapeutic potential. J Neurol 2020; 268:4095-4107. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Li Q, Wang Y, Peng W, Jia Y, Tang J, Li W, Zhang JH, Yang J. MicroRNA-101a Regulates Autophagy Phenomenon via the MAPK Pathway to Modulate Alzheimer's-Associated Pathogenesis. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1076-1084. [PMID: 31204500 PMCID: PMC6728707 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719857085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a type of neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form
of dementia. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been shown to play a role in various diseases, including
AD. It also has been reported to regulate autophagy. We extracted miRNA from blood samples
and constructed an miRNA-101a lentivirus vector. In this study we found the level of
miRNA-101a was significantly reduced in the plasma of patients with AD and APPswe/PS1ΔE9
transgenic mice. The relative expression of miRNA-101a exhibited a relatively high
diagnostic performance (area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.8725) in the
prediction of AD with a sensitivity of 0.913 and a specificity of 0.733 at the threshold
of 0.6463. Under electron microscopy, autophagic vacuoles in AD-related cells numbered
more than the cells up-regulating miRNA-101a in the in vitro experiments. Dual-luciferase
reporter assay and Western blot results proved that the MAPK1 pathway plays a role in the
formation of autophagic vacuoles in AD. This study found that the autophagy phenomenon
regulated by miRNA-101a via the MAPK pathway might be a new mechanism in AD. This could
provide new insights into AD formation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Both authors are the co-authors of this article
| | - Yu Wang
- 2 Department of Outpatient, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Both authors are the co-authors of this article
| | - Wenjie Peng
- 3 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjie Jia
- 4 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinhua Tang
- 3 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanwei Li
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John H Zhang
- 5 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- 3 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Incontri Abraham D, Gonzales M, Ibarra A, Borlongan CV. Stand alone or join forces? Stem cell therapy for stroke. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 19:25-33. [PMID: 30477353 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1551872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability with a narrow therapeutic window. Stem cell therapy may enhance the stroke recovery. AREAS COVERE Regenerative medicine via stem cells stands as a novel therapy for stroke. In particular, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties that improve brain function after stroke. Here, we discuss the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived MSCs. We also examine the discrepant transplant protocols between preclinical studies and clinical trials. Laboratory studies show the safety and efficacy of bone marrow-derived MSCs in stroke models. However, while safe, MSCs remain to be fully evaluated as effective in clinical trials. Furthermore, recognizing the multiple cell death processes associated with stroke, we next discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of a combination therapy. With preliminary results and on-going clinical trials, a careful assessment of dosing, timing, and delivery route regimens will further direct the future of stem cell therapy for neurological disorders, including stroke. EXPERT OPINION Bone marrow-derived MSCs appear to be the optimal stem cell source for stroke therapy. Optimizing dosing, timing, and delivery route should guide the clinical application of bone marrow-derived MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Incontri Abraham
- a Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA.,b Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte , Huixquilucan, Edo. de Mexico , México
| | - Melissa Gonzales
- a Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- b Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud , Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte , Huixquilucan, Edo. de Mexico , México.,c Faculty of Health Sciences , Proyecto CAMINA A.C , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- a Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair , University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
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Ostrowski RP, Zhang JH. The insights into molecular pathways of hypoxia-inducible factor in the brain. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:57-76. [PMID: 30548473 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this present work were to review recent developments on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the survival of cells under normoxic versus hypoxic and inflammatory brain conditions. The dual nature of HIF effects appears well established, based on the accumulated evidence of HIF playing both the role of adaptive factor and mediator of cell demise. Cellular HIF responses depend on pathophysiological conditions, developmental phase, comorbidities, and administered medications. In addition, HIF-1α and HIF-2α actions may vary in the same tissues. The multiple roles of HIF in stem cells are emerging. HIF not only regulates expression of target genes and thereby influences resultant protein levels but also contributes to epigenetic changes that may reciprocally provide feedback regulations loops. These HIF-dependent alterations in neurological diseases and its responses to treatments in vivo need to be examined alongside with a functional status of subjects involved in such studies. The knowledge of HIF pathways might be helpful in devising HIF-mimetics and modulating drugs, acting on the molecular level to improve clinical outcomes, as exemplified here by clinical and experimental data of selected brain diseases, occasionally corroborated by the data from disorders of other organs. Because of complex role of HIF in brain injuries, prospective therapeutic interventions need to differentially target HIF responses depending on their roles in the molecular mechanisms of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Ostrowski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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Moon GJ, Sung JH, Kim DH, Kim EH, Cho YH, Son JP, Cha JM, Bang OY. Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Stroke: Biodistribution and MicroRNA Study. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:509-521. [PMID: 30341718 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert their therapeutic capability through a variety of bioactive substances, including trophic factors, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in infarcted tissues. We therefore hypothesized that MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) possess therapeutic molecules similar to MSCs. Moreover, given their nature as nanosized and lipid-shielded particles, the intravenous infusion of MSC-EVs would be advantageous over MSCs as a safer therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigated the biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and mode of action of MSC-EVs in a rat stroke model. MSC-EVs successfully stimulated neurogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. When compared to the MSC-treated group, rats treated with MSC-EVs exhibited greater behavioral improvements than the control group (p < 0.05). Our biodistribution study using fluorescence-labeled MSC-EVs and MSCs demonstrated that the amounts of MSC-EVs in the infarcted hemisphere increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were rarely found in the lung and liver. In addition, MSC-EVs were highly inclusive of various proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with neurogenesis and/or angiogenesis compared to fibro-EVs. We further analyzed those miRNAs and found that miRNA-184 and miRNA-210 were essential for promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis of MSC-EVs, respectively. MSC-EVs represent an ideal alternative to MSCs for stroke treatment, with similar medicinal capacity but an improved safety profile that overcomes cell-associated limitations in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Joon Moon
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Ji Hee Sung
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Cho
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jeong Pyo Son
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jae Min Cha
- 3D Stem Cell Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Young Bang
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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21
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Post-stroke DHA Treatment Protects Against Acute Ischemic Brain Injury by Skewing Macrophage Polarity Toward the M2 Phenotype. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:669-680. [PMID: 30203370 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been explored as a clinically feasible protectant in stroke models. However, the mechanism for DHA-afforded neuroprotection remains elusive. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was induced for 1 h. DHA (i.p., 10 mg/kg) was administered immediately after reperfusion and repeated daily for 3 days. Stroke outcomes, systemic inflammatory status, and microglia/macrophage phenotypic alterations were assessed 3 days after stroke. Macrophage depletion was induced by clodronate liposomes injection. Primary macrophage cultures were used to evaluate the direct effect of DHA on macrophages. We demonstrated that post-stroke DHA injection efficiently reduced brain infarct and ameliorated neurological deficits 3 days after tMCAO. Systemic DHA treatment significantly inhibited immune cell infiltration (macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes) and promoted macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype in the ischemic brain. Meanwhile, systemic DHA administration inhibited the otherwise elevated pro-inflammatory factors in blood and shifted circulating macrophage polarity toward M2 phenotype after ischemic stroke. The numbers of circulating immune cells in blood and spleen, however, were equivalent between DHA- and vehicle-treated groups. The protective effects of DHA were macrophage-dependent, as macrophage depletion abolished DHA-afforded neuroprotection. In vitro studies confirmed that DHA suppressed production of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages under inflammatory stimulation. These data indicate that post-stroke DHA treatment ameliorated acute ischemic brain injury in a macrophage-dependent manner and DHA enhanced macrophage phenotypic shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype to reduced central and peripheral inflammation after stroke.
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22
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Moon GJ, Cho YH, Kim DH, Sung JH, Son JP, Kim S, Cha JM, Bang OY. Serum-mediated Activation of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Novel Preconditioning Method. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:485-500. [PMID: 29774769 PMCID: PMC6038038 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718755404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke induces complex and dynamic, local and systemic changes including inflammatory
reactions, immune responses, and repair and recovery processes. Mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) have been shown to enhance neurological recovery after stroke. We hypothesized that
serum factors play a critical role in the activation of bone marrow (BM) MSCs after stroke
such as by increasing proliferation, paracrine effects, and rejuvenation. Human MSCs
(hMSCs) were grown in fetal bovine serum (FBS), normal healthy control serum (NS), or
stroke patient serum (SS). MSCs cultured in growth medium with 10% SS or NS exhibited
higher proliferation indices than those cultured with FBS (P < 0.01).
FBS-, NS-, and SS-hMSCs showed differences in the expression of trophic factors; vascular
endothelial growth factor, glial cell–derived neurotrophic factor, and fibroblast growth
factor were densely expressed in samples cultured with SS (P < 0.01).
In addition, SS-MSCs revealed different cell cycle– or aging-associated messenger RNA
expression in a later passage, and β-galactosidase staining showed the senescence of MSCs
observed during culture expansion was lower in MSCs cultured with SS than those cultured
with NS or FBS (P < 0.01). Several proteins related to the activity of
receptors, growth factors, and cytokines were more prevalent in the serum of stroke
patients than in that of normal subjects. Neurogenesis and angiogenesis were markedly
increased in rats that had received SS-MSCs (P < 0.05), and these rats
showed significant behavioral improvements (P < 0.01). Our results
indicate that stroke induces a process of recovery via the activation of MSCs. Culture
methods for MSCs using SS obtained during the acute phase of a stroke could constitute a
novel MSC activation method that is feasible and efficient for the neurorestoration of
stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Joon Moon
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,2 Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,3 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Cho
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,4 Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,5 Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hee Sung
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,4 Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Pyo Son
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,5 Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoon Kim
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,4 Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Min Cha
- 6 Medical Device Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Young Bang
- 1 Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,5 Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,7 Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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23
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Peng D, Cao B, Zhou YJ, Long YQ. The chemical diversity and structure-based evolution of non-peptide CXCR4 antagonists with diverse therapeutic potential. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 149:148-169. [PMID: 29500940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a highly reserved G-protein coupled 7-transmembrane (TM) chemokine receptor which consists of 352 amino acids. CXCR4 has only one endogenous chemokine ligand of CXCL12, besides several other natural nonchemokine ligands such as extracellular ubiquitin and noncognate ligand of MIF. CXCR4 strongly binds to CXCL12 and the resulting CXCLl2/CXCR4 axis is the molecular basis of their various biological functions, which include: (1) mediating immune and inflammatory response; (2) regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration and homing; (3) an essential co-receptor for HIV entry into host cells; (4) participation in the process of embryonic development; (5) malignant tumor invasion and metastasis; (6) myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and acute kidney injury. Correspondingly, CXCR4 antagonists find potential therapeutic applications in HIV infection, as well as hematopoietic stem cell migration, inflammation, immune-related diseases, tumor and ischemic diseases. Recently, great achievements have been made and a number of non-peptide CXCR4 antagonists with diversity scaffolds have been discovered. In this review, the discovery of small molecule CXCR4 antagonists focused on the structures, activities, evolution and development of representative CXCR4 antagonists is comprehensively described. The central role of CXCR4 in diverse cellular signaling pathways and its involvement in several diseases progressions are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China.
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24
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Wang J, Zhang W, He GH, Wu B, Chen S. Transfection with CXCR4 potentiates homing of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and therapy of diabetic retinopathy in vivo. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:766-772. [PMID: 29862173 PMCID: PMC5957026 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.05.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of the overexpression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) on homing of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and therapeutic effects of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in vivo. METHODS MSCs were infected by lentivirus constructed with CXCR4. The expression of CXCR4 was examined by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs were cultured in vitro to evaluate their chemotaxis, migration, and apoptotic activities. CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs were intravitreally injected to observe and compare their effects in a mouse model of DR. The histological structure of DR in rats was inspected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of rhodopsin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was examined by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS The transduction of MSCs by lentivirus was effective, and the transduced MSCs had high expression levels of CXCR4 gene and protein. Improved migration activities were observed in CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs. Further, reduced retinal damage, upregulation of rhodopsin and NSE protein, and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were observed in CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs in vivo. CONCLUSION The homing of MSCs can be enhanced by upregulating CXCR4 levels, possibly improving histological structures of DR. CXCR4-overexpressing MSCs can be a novel strategy for treating DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Guang-Hui He
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Song Chen
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300020, China
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