1
|
Liang X, Miao Y, Tong X, Chen J, Liu H, He Z, Liu A, Hu Z. Dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibit neuroinflammation and microglial pyroptosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage via the miRNA-197-3p/FOXO3 axis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:426. [PMID: 39030593 PMCID: PMC11264715 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe stroke subtype that lacks effective treatment. Exosomes derived from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising acellular therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases. However, the therapeutic effects of DPSC-derived exosomes (DPSC-Exos) on SAH remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of DPSC-Exos in SAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS SAH was established using 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats. One hour after SAH induction, DPSC-Exos were administered via tail vein injection. To investigate the effect of DPSC-Exos, SAH grading, short-term and long-term neurobehavioral assessments, brain water content, western blot (WB), immunofluorescence staining, Nissl staining, and HE staining were performed. The role of miR-197-3p/FOXO3 in regulating pyroptosis was demonstrated through miRNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and rescue experiments. The SAH model in vitro was established by stimulating BV2 cells with hemoglobin (Hb) and the underlying mechanism of DPSC-Exos was investigated through WB and Hoechst/PI staining. RESULTS The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were increased after SAH. DPSC-Exos alleviated brain edema and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the expression of FOXO3 and reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to improved neurobehavioral functions at 24 h after SAH. In vitro, the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3 and caspase1-p20), GSDMD-N, and IL-18 was inhibited in BV2 cells pretreated with DPSC-Exos. Importantly, DPSC-Exos overexpressing miR-197-3p had a more obvious protective effect than those from NC-transfected DPSCs, while those from DPSCs transfected with the miR-197-3p inhibitor had a weaker protective effect. Functional studies indicated that miR-197-3p bound to the 3'-untranslated region of FOXO3, inhibiting its transcription. Furthermore, the overexpression of FOXO3 reversed the protective effects of miR-197-3p. CONCLUSIONS DPSC-Exos inhibited activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and related cytokine release via the miR-197-3p/FOXO3 pathway, alleviated neuroinflammation, and inhibited microglial pyroptosis. These findings suggest that using DPSC-Exos is a promising therapeutic strategy for SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Miao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Cerebrovascular Disease Department, Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jigang Chen
- Department of burn and plastic surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zilong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Wen D, Xia F, Fang M, Zheng J, You C, Ma L. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Revealed White Matter Repair Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01265-6. [PMID: 38861152 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Existing research indicates the potential for white matter injury repair during the subacute phase following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, elucidating the role of brain cell subpopulations in the acute and subacute phases of SAH pathogenesis remains challenging due to the cellular heterogeneity of the central nervous system. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on SAH model mice to delineate distinct cell populations. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed to identify involved pathways, and cellular interactions were explored using the CellChat package in R software. Validation of the findings involved a comprehensive approach, including magnetic resonance imaging, immunofluorescence double staining, and Western blot analyses. This study identified ten major brain clusters with cell type-specific gene expression patterns. Notably, we observed infiltration and clonal expansion of reparative microglia in white matter-enriched regions during the subacute stage after SAH. Additionally, microglia-associated pleiotrophin (PTN) was identified as having a role in mediating the regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in SAH model mice, implicating the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. These findings emphasize the vital role of microglia-OPC interactions might occur via the PTN pathway, potentially contributing to white matter repair during the subacute phase after SAH. Our analysis revealed precise transcriptional changes in the acute and subacute phases after SAH, offering insights into the mechanism of SAH and for the development of drugs that target-specific cell subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingke Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China Brain Research Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong Y, Cui MY, Li ZL, Fu YQ, Zheng Y, Yu Y, Zhang C, Huang XY, Chen BH. ULK1 confers neuroprotection by regulating microglial/macrophages activation after ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111379. [PMID: 38141409 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Microglial activation and autophagy play a critical role in the progression of ischemic stroke and contribute to the regulation of neuroinflammation. Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is the primary autophagy kinase involved in autophagosome formation. However, the impact of ULK1 on neuroprotection and microglial activation after ischemic stroke remains unclear. In this study, we established a photothrombotic stroke model, and administered SBI-0206965 (SBI), an ULK1 inhibitor, and LYN-1604 hydrochloride (LYN), an ULK1 agonist, to modulate ULK1 activity in vivo. We assessed sensorimotor deficits, neuronal apoptosis, and microglial/macrophage activation to evaluate the neurofunctional outcome. Immunofluorescence results revealed ULK1 was primarily localized in the microglia of the infarct area following ischemia. Upregulating ULK1 through LYN treatment significantly reduced infarct volume, improved motor function, promoted the increase of anti-inflammatory microglia. In conclusion, ULK1 facilitated neuronal repair and promoted the formation of anti-inflammatory microglia pathway after ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Mai Yin Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Department of Rehabilitation and Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo Li Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Qiong Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Yi Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Tang J, Hou Y, Li L, Li W, Yu L, Wang X, Sui C. Acacetin inhibits activation of microglia to improve neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage through the PERK signaling pathway mediated autophagy. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271241251447. [PMID: 38720657 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241251447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effect of acacetin on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its possible mechanism. METHODS SAH model of rat was established, and intraperitoneally injected with three doses of acacetin. To verify the role of PERK pathway, we used the CCT020312 (PERK inhibitor) and Tunicamycin (activators of endoplasmic reticulum stress). The SAH score, neurological function score, brain edema content, and Evans blue (EB) exudate were evaluated. Western blot was used to determine the expression of inflammation-associated proteins and PERK pathway. The activation of microglia was also determined through Iba-1 detection. TEM and immunofluorescence staining of LC3B were performed to observe the autophagy degree of SAH rats after acacetin. Tunel/NeuN staining, HE and Nissl' staining were performed for neuronal damage. RESULTS Acacetin increased the neurological function score, reduce brain water content, Evans blue exudation and SAH scores. The microglia in cerebral cortex were activated after SAH, while acacetin could inhibit its activation, and decreased the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 proteins. The pathological staining showed the severe neuronal damage and increased neuronal apoptosis after SAH, while acacetin could improve these pathological changes. We also visualized the alleviated autophagy after acacetin. The expression of Beclin1 and ATF4 proteins were increased, but acacetin could inhibit them. Acacetin also inactivated PERK pathway, which could improve the neuronal injury and neuroinflammation after SAH, inhibit the microglia activation and the overactivated autophagy through PERK pathway. CONCLUSION Acacetin may alleviate neuroinflammation and neuronal damage through PERK pathway, thus having the protective effect on EBI after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Jianhua Tang
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yiwei Hou
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Wenna Li
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Changbai Sui
- Department of Neurology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian Q, Li Y, Feng S, Liu C, Guo Y, Wang G, Wei H, Chen Z, Gu L, Li M. Inhibition of CCR1 attenuates neuroinflammation via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111106. [PMID: 37925951 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroinflammation is an important mechanism underlying brain injury caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1)-mediated inflammation is involved in the pathology of many central nervous system diseases. Herein, we investigated whether inhibition of CCR1 alleviated neuroinflammation after experimental SAH and aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of its potential protective effects. METHODS To analyze SAH transcriptome data R studio was used, and a mouse model of SAH was established using endovascular perforations. In this model, the selective CCR1 antagonist Met-RANTES (Met-R) and the CCR1 agonist recombinant CCL5 (rCCL5) were administered 1 h after SAH induction. To investigate the possible downstream mechanisms of CCR1, the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 and the JAK2 activator coumermycin A1 (C-A1) were administered 1 h after SAH induction. Furthermore, post-SAH evaluation, including SAH grading, neurological function tests, Western blot, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, and Fluoro-Jade B and fluorescent immunohistochemical staining were performed. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were detected by ELISA. RESULTS CCL5 and CCR1 expression levels increased significantly following SAH. Met-R significantly improved neurological deficits in mice, decreased apoptosis and degeneration of ipsilateral cerebral cortex neurons, reduced infiltrating neutrophils, and promoted microglial activation after SAH induction. Furthermore, Met-R inhibited the expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. However, the protective effects of Met-R were abolished by C-A1 treatment. Furthermore, rCCL5 injection aggravated neurological dysfunction and increased the expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in SAH mice, all of which were reversed by the administration of AG490. Finally, the levels of CCL5 and CCR1 were elevate in the CSF of SAH patient and high level of CCL5 and CCR1 levels were associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSION The present results suggested that inhibition of CCR1 attenuates neuroinflammation after SAH via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which may provide a new target for the treatment of SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yina Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chengli Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li C, Lu P, Zhang L, He Y, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhang F, Kong X, Tao Q, Zhou J, Wu J, Peng T, Xie B, Jiang Y, Peng J. Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism Impacts White Matter Injury Through Microglial Phagocytosis After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neuroscience 2023; 524:220-232. [PMID: 37290684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE, protein; APOE, gene), divided into three alleles of E2, E3 and E4 in humans, is associated with the progression of white matter lesion load. However, mechanism evidence has not been reported regarding the APOE genotype in early white matter injury (WMI) under subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of APOE gene polymorphisms, by constructing microglial APOE3 and APOE4-specific overexpression, on WMI and underlying mechanisms of microglia phagocytosis in a mice model of SAH. A total of 167 male C57BL/6J mice (weight 22-26 g) were used. SAH and bleeding environment were induced by endovascular perforation in vivo and oxyHb in vitro, respectively. Multi-technology approaches, including immunohistochemistry, high throughput sequencing, gene editing for adeno-associated viruses, and several molecular biotechnologies were used to validate the effects of APOE polymorphisms on microglial phagocytosis and WMI after SAH. Our results revealed that APOE4 significantly aggravated the WMI and decreased neurobehavioral function by impairing microglial phagocytosis after SAH. Indicators negatively associated with microglial phagocytosis increased like CD16, CD86 and the ratio of CD16/CD206, while the indicators positively associated with microglial phagocytosis decreased like Arg-1 and CD206. The increased ROS and aggravating mitochondrial damage demonstrated that the damaging effects of APOE4 in SAH may be associated with microglial oxidative stress-dependent mitochondrial damage. Inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress by Mitoquinone (mitoQ) can enhance the phagocytic function of microglia. In conclusion, anti-oxidative stress and phagocytosis protection may serve as promising treatments in the management of SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yijing He
- Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xi Kong
- Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qianke Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinpeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tangming Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Institute of Epigenetics and Brain Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Tan J, Yang K, Fan W, Yu B, Shi W. Ambient RNAs removal of cortex-specific snRNA-seq reveals Apoe + microglia/macrophage after deeper cerebral hypoperfusion in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:152. [PMID: 37365617 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient RNAs contamination in single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is a challenging problem, but the consequences of ambient RNAs contamination of damaged and/or diseased tissues are poorly understood. Cognitive impairments and white/gray matter injuries are characteristic of deeper cerebral hypoperfusion mouse models induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), but the molecular mechanisms still need to be further explored. More importantly, the BCAS mice can also offer an excellent model to examine the signatures of ambient RNAs contamination in damaged tissues when performing snRNA-seq. METHODS After the sham and BCAS mice were established, cortex-specific single-nuclei libraries were constructed. Single-nuclei transcriptomes were described informatically by the R package Seurat, and ambient RNA markers of were identified in each library. Then, after removing ambient RNAs in each sample using the in silico approaches, the combination of CellBender and subcluster cleaning, single-nuclei transcriptomes were reconstructed. Next, the comparison of ambient RNA contamination was performed using irGSEA analysis before and after the in silico approaches. Finally, further bioinformatic analyses were performed. RESULTS The ambient RNAs are more predominant in the BCAS group than the sham group. The contamination mainly originated from damaged neuronal nuclei, but could be reduced largely using the in silico approaches. The integrative analysis of cortex-specific snRNA-seq data and the published bulk transcriptome revealed that microglia and other immune cells were the primary effectors. In the sequential microglia/immune subgroups analysis, the subgroup of Apoe+ MG/Mac (microglia/macrophages) was identified. Interestingly, this subgroup mainly participated in the pathways of lipid metabolism, associated with the phagocytosis of cell debris. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our current study unravels the features of ambient RNAs in snRNA-seq datasets under diseased conditions, and the in silico approaches can effectively eliminate the incorrected cell annotation and following misleading analysis. In the future, snRNA-seq data analysis should be carefully revisited, and ambient RNAs removal needs to be taken into consideration, especially for those diseased tissues. To our best knowledge, our study also offers the first cortex-specific snRNA-seq data of deeper cerebral hypoperfusion, which provides with novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinyun Tan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Weihao Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Ding R, Li M, Ou W, Zhang X, Yang W, Huang X, Chai H, Wang Q. TMT proteomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. J Proteomics 2023; 275:104820. [PMID: 36646273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CVST is a type of venous stroke that mainly affects young adults with no reliable diagnostic markers and effective treatment strategies for secondary pathologies. However, the underlying pathological molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we systematically analyzed the molecule profiling of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in CVST patients via tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics for the first time, aiming to reveal the pathogenesis and provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of CVST. Five CVST patients and five control patients were selected, and CSF samples were analyzed by TMT proteomics. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were acquired and bioinformatics analysis was performed. Besides, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was utilized to validate the DEPs. 468 differentially expressed proteins were screened, 185 of which were up-regulated and 283 were down-regulated (fold change >1.2, P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis displayed that these proteins were significantly enriched in multiple pathways related to a variety of pathophysiological processes. PRM verification showed that apolipoprotein E, MMP-2, neuroserpin, clusterin, and several other molecules were down-regulated. These identified proteins reveal unique pathophysiological characteristics secondary to CVST. Further characterization of these proteins in future research could enable their application as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers in CVST therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an underrated and potentially fatal cause of stroke with a reported mortality of 5-10% worldwide. Currently, in addition to anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy, effective treatments targeting the injured brain parenchyma after CVST remain limited. Besides, accurate diagnostic markers are still sorely lacking. In the present study, we will detect the alterations of the CSF protein spectrum of CVST patients by TMT technique, screen differentially expressed proteins, analyze the functions of these signals through bioinformatics methods, and finally validate the key molecules through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technique. Collectively, the study aimed to offer a reference for the discovery of specific protein/pathway alterations in the CSF of CVST patients and further reveal the underlying pathogenesis, thereby providing evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of CVST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Liu
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, 510280, Guangdong, China.; Department of cerebrovascular surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of cerebrovascular surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of hyperbaric oxygen, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiyang Ou
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xifang Zhang
- Dongguan Kanghua Hospital, 1000# Dongguan Avenue, Dongguan 523000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Department of cerebrovascular surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of cerebrovascular surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihui Chai
- Department of cerebrovascular surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qiujing Wang
- Neurosurgery Center, Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, 510280, Guangdong, China.; Department of cerebrovascular surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Yang X, Cao Y, Li X, Xu R, Yan J, Guo Z, Sun S, Sun X, Wu Y. Electroacupuncture alleviates early brain injury via modulating microglia polarization and suppressing neuroinflammation in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14475. [PMID: 36967957 PMCID: PMC10036651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage refers to an uncommon but severe subtype of stroke leading to high mortality and disability rates. Electroacupuncture, a traditional Chinese medical therapy combined with modern technology, shows evident curative effects on cerebral vascular diseases. This study attempts to investigate the possible treatment effects and mechanisms of EA on early brain injury after SAH. Data were gathered among sham group, SAH-induced group, and EA-treated group of male SD rats, concerning mortality rates, weight loss, rotarod latencies, cerebral blood flow, cell apoptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines releasing, apoptotic protein level, microglia activation and related signal pathway. All results were collected 24-72 h after SAH induction. EA treatment demonstrated significant improvement on motor function 24 h after SAH without significant changes in mortality rate, weight loss, and cerebral blood flow. Another important finding was that EA regulated Bax and Bcl-2 imbalance and reduced cleaved casepase-3 caused by SAH. Additionally, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were suppressed. The neuron apoptosis was suppressed by EA. The M1 polarization of activated microglia decreased while M2 polarized phenotype increased after EA treatment. Furthermore, pSTAT3-NOX2 signal axis, the M1 phenotype related activation pathway, was depressed after EA treatment. These findings suggested that EA improved motor deficits and ameliorated early brain injury after SAH probably via decreasing neuron apoptosis and anti-inflammation, which may involve modulation of microglia polarization. Taken together, EA may be a potential therapy for SAH treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
White Matter Injury: An Emerging Potential Target for Treatment after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:3842493. [PMID: 36798684 PMCID: PMC9928519 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3842493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) refers to vascular brain injury mainly from a ruptured aneurysm, which has a high lifetime risk and imposes a substantial burden on patients, families, and society. Previous studies on SAH mainly focused on neurons in gray matter (GM). However, according to literature reports in recent years, in-depth research on the mechanism of white matter (WM) is of great significance to injury and recovery after SAH. In terms of functional recovery after SAH, all kinds of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) should be protected. In other words, it is necessary to protect not only GM but also WM, not only neurons but also glial cells and axons, and not only for the lesion itself but also for the prevention and treatment of remote damage. Clarifying the mechanism of white matter injury (WMI) and repair after SAH is of great importance. Therefore, this present review systematically summarizes the current research on WMI after SAH, which might provide therapeutic targets for treatment after SAH.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Tang S, Wang Y, Gu N, Sun X, Li L. TREM2 activation alleviates neural damage via Akt/CREB/BDNF signalling after traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:289. [PMID: 36463233 PMCID: PMC9719652 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is one of the most important processes in secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been proven to exert neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases and stroke by modulating neuroinflammation, and promoting phagocytosis and cell survival. However, the role of TREM2 in TBI has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we are the first to use COG1410, an agonist of TREM2, to assess the effects of TREM2 activation in a murine TBI model. METHODS Adult male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and adult male TREM2 KO mice were subjected to different treatments. TBI was established by the controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. COG1410 was delivered 1 h after CCI via tail vein injection. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), neurological behaviour tests, brain electrophysiological monitoring, Evans blue assays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and brain water content measurement were performed in this study. RESULTS The expression of endogenous TREM2 peaked at 3 d after CCI, and it was mainly expressed on microglia and neurons. We found that COG1410 improved neurological functions within 3 d, as well as neurological functions and brain electrophysiological activity at 2 weeks after CCI. COG1410 exerted neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and microglial activation, and suppressing neuroinflammation after CCI. In addition, COG1410 treatment alleviated blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain oedema; furthermore, COG1410 promoted cerebral blood flow (CBF) recovery at traumatic injury sites after CCI. In addition, COG1410 suppressed neural apoptosis at 3 d after CCI. TREM2 activation upregulated p-Akt, p-CREB, BDNF, and Bcl-2 and suppressed TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 at 3 d after CCI. Moreover, TREM2 knockout abolished the effects of COG1410 on vascular phenotypes and microglial states. Finally, the neuroprotective effects of COG1410 were suppressed by TREM2 depletion. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we are the first to demonstrate that TREM2 activation by COG1410 alleviated neural damage through activation of Akt/CREB/BDNF signalling axis in microglia after CCI. Finally, COG1410 treatment improved neurological behaviour and brain electrophysiological activity after CCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- grid.452642.3Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.452642.3Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.415440.0Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016 China ,Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Yingwen Wang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Nina Gu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Lin Li
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016 China ,grid.190737.b0000 0001 0154 0904Department of Neuro-oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China ,grid.413387.a0000 0004 1758 177XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Geng G, Zhu T, Chen W, Li X, Gu J, Jiang E. Progress in Research on TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Response Mechanisms in Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233781. [PMID: 36497041 PMCID: PMC9740134 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the common clinical neurological emergencies. Its incidence accounts for about 5-9% of cerebral stroke patients. Even surviving patients often suffer from severe adverse prognoses such as hemiplegia, aphasia, cognitive dysfunction and even death. Inflammatory response plays an important role during early nerve injury in SAH. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), pattern recognition receptors, are important components of the body's innate immune system, and they are usually activated by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. Studies have shown that with TLR 4 as an essential member of the TLRs family, the inflammatory transduction pathway mediated by it plays a vital role in brain injury after SAH. After SAH occurrence, large amounts of blood enter the subarachnoid space. This can produce massive damage-associated molecular pattern molecules that bind to TLR4, which activates inflammatory response and causes early brain injury, thus resulting in serious adverse prognoses. In this paper, the process in research on TLR4-mediated inflammatory response mechanism in brain injury after SAH was reviewed to provide a new thought for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Wang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Guangping Geng
- Henan Technician College of Medicine and Health, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Kaifeng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Wenwu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Jianjun Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jin J, Duan J, Du L, Xing W, Peng X, Zhao Q. Inflammation and immune cell abnormalities in intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Relevant signaling pathways and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027756. [PMID: 36505409 PMCID: PMC9727248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular disorder associated with high overall mortality. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of pathological reaction after aneurysm rupture are still unclear, especially in the immune microenvironment, inflammation, and relevant signaling pathways. SAH-induced immune cell population alteration, immune inflammatory signaling pathway activation, and active substance generation are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunosuppression, and brain injury. Crosstalk between immune disorders and hyperactivation of inflammatory signals aggravated the devastating consequences of brain injury and cerebral vasospasm and increased the risk of infection. In this review, we discussed the role of inflammation and immune cell responses in the occurrence and development of aneurysm SAH, as well as the most relevant immune inflammatory signaling pathways [PI3K/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), STAT, SIRT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), NLRP3, TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Keap1/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/ARE cascades] and biomarkers in aneurysm SAH. In addition, we also summarized potential therapeutic drugs targeting the aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory responses, such as nimodipine, dexmedetomidine (DEX), fingolimod, and genomic variation-related aneurysm prophylactic agent sunitinib. The intervention of immune inflammatory responses and immune microenvironment significantly reduces the secondary brain injury, thereby improving the prognosis of patients admitted to SAH. Future studies should focus on exploring potential immune inflammatory mechanisms and developing additional therapeutic strategies for precise aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory regulation and genomic variants associated with aneurysm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Leiya Du
- 4Department of Oncology, The Second People Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Xing
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang T, Zuo G, Zhang H. GPR18 Agonist Resolvin D2 Reduces Early Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Multiple Protective Mechanisms. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2379-2392. [PMID: 34089427 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Early brain injury (EBI) is the early phase of secondary complications arising from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). G protein-coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) can exert neuroprotective effects during ischemia. In this study, we investigated the roles of GPR18 in different brain regions during EBI using a GPR18 agonist, resolvin D2 (RvD2). Location and dynamics of GPR18 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting in a rat model of SAH based on endovascular perforation. RvD2 was given intranasally at 1 h after SAH, and SAH grade, brain water content and behavior were assayed before sacrifice. TUNEL and dihydroethidium staining of the cortex were performed at 24 h after SAH. Selected brain regions were also examined for pathway related proteins using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. We found that GPR18 was expressed in meninges, hypothalamus, cortex and white matter before EBI. After SAH, GPR18 expression was increased in meninges and hypothalamus but decreased in cortex and white matter. RvD2 improved neurological scores and brain edema after SAH. RvD2 attenuated mast cell degranulation and reduced expression of chymase and tryptase expression in the meninges. In the hypothalamus, RvD2 attenuated inflammation, increased expression of proopiomelanocortin and interleukin-10, as well as decreased expression of nerve peptide Y and tumor necrosis factor-α. In cortex, RvD2 alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis, and protected the blood-brain barrier. RvD2 also ameliorated white matter injury by elevating myelin basic protein and suppressing amyloid precursor protein. Our results suggest that GPR18 may help protect multiple brain regions during EBI, particularly in the cortex and hypothalamus. Upregulating GPR18 by RvD2 may improve neurological functions in different brain regions via multiple mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Gang Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taicang Hospital, Soochow University, Taicang, Suzhou, 215400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St., Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pang J, Matei N, Peng J, Zheng W, Yu J, Luo X, Camara R, Chen L, Tang J, Zhang JH, Jiang Y. Macrophage Infiltration Reduces Neurodegeneration and Improves Stroke Recovery after Delayed Recanalization in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6422202. [PMID: 36035227 PMCID: PMC9402313 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6422202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent cerebrovascular recanalization therapy clinical trials have validated delayed recanalization in patients outside of the conventional window. However, a paucity of information on the pathophysiology of delayed recanalization and favorable outcomes remains. Since macrophages are extensively studied in tissue repair, we anticipate that they may play a critical role in delayed recanalization after ischemic stroke. Methods In adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, two ischemic stroke groups were used: permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and delayed recanalization at 3 days following middle cerebral artery occlusion (rMCAO). To evaluate outcome, brain morphology, neurological function, macrophage infiltration, angiogenesis, and neurodegeneration were reported. Confirming the role of macrophages, after their depletion, we assessed angiogenesis and neurodegeneration after delayed recanalization. Results No significant difference was observed in the rate of hemorrhage or animal mortality among pMCAO and rMCAO groups. Delayed recanalization increased angiogenesis, reduced infarct volumes and neurodegeneration, and improved neurological outcomes compared to nonrecanalized groups. In rMCAO groups, macrophage infiltration contributed to increased angiogenesis, which was characterized by increased vascular endothelial growth factor A and platelet-derived growth factor B. Confirming these links, macrophage depletion reduced angiogenesis, inflammation, neuronal survival in the peri-infarct region, and favorable outcome following delayed recanalization. Conclusion If properly selected, delayed recanalization at day 3 postinfarct can significantly improve the neurological outcome after ischemic stroke. The sanguineous exposure of the infarct/peri-infarct to macrophages was essential for favorable outcomes after delayed recanalization at 3 days following ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Nathanael Matei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Richard Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Lu T, Wei W, Lin Z, Ding L, Li Z, Xue X. Swimming Training Mitigates Neurological Impairment of Intracerebral Haemorrhage in Mice via the Serine-Threonine Kinase/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Signalling Pathway. Neuroscience 2022; 501:72-84. [PMID: 35961525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Swimming training (ST) can mitigate functional disorders in neurological diseases, but the effect and mechanism of ST in improving the neurological function of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) have not been reported. Our study aimed to explore the protective effect of early ST on ICH mice and its relationship with the serine-threonine kinase (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathway. Our findings showed that the ICH model mice had poor behavioural manifestations in the Y maze test and open field test compared to the ST group and sham group. The modified neurological severity score was increased in the ICH mice, and 7 days of ST intervention significantly attenuated the neurological deficits. The ratios of myo-inositol/creatine, lactate/creatine and glutamate/creatine were decreased, and the ratios of N-acetylaspartate/creatine and choline/creatine were increased in the ICH mice with ST intervention. ST intervention decreased the expression of Iba1 and GFAP. Seven days of ST significantly increased the expression of p-Akt/Akt compared to that in the ICH mice. Furthermore, the Akt kinase inhibitor GSK690693 exacerbated neurological impairment, increased the expression of Iba1, GFAP and Bax/Bcl-2, and reversed the anti-apoptotic effects and anti-glia activation of ST, which was associated with the inhibition of p-Akt/Akt and p-GSK3β/GSK3β expression. These results indicated that the protective role of ST in ICH was mediated via the Akt/GSK3β pathway. In conclusion, ST displayed neuroprotection by inhibiting apoptosis and glial activation in ICH mice by activating the Akt/GSK3β signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Li
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Linlin Ding
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Anxi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Xiehua Xue
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology and Cognition Rehabilitation, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Z, Zhang A, Liu Y, Hu X, Fang Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Lenahan C, Chen S. New Mechanisms and Targets of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Focus on Mitochondria. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1278-1296. [PMID: 34720082 PMCID: PMC9881073 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211101103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 5-10% of all strokes and is a subtype of hemorrhagic stroke that places a heavy burden on health care. Despite great progress in surgical clipping and endovascular treatment for ruptured aneurysms, cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) threaten the long-term outcomes of patients with SAH. Moreover, there are limited drugs available to reduce the risk of DCI and adverse outcomes in SAH patients. New insight suggests that early brain injury (EBI), which occurs within 72 h after the onset of SAH, may lay the foundation for further DCI development and poor outcomes. The mechanisms of EBI mainly include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) destruction, and cellular death. Mitochondria are a double-membrane organelle, and they play an important role in energy production, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which can lead to mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) collapse, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of apoptogenic proteins, disorders of mitochondrial dynamics, and activation of mitochondria-related inflammation, is considered a novel mechanism of EBI related to DCI as well as post-SAH outcomes. In addition, mitophagy is activated after SAH. In this review, we discuss the latest perspectives on the role of mitochondria in EBI and DCI after SAH. We emphasize the potential of mitochondria as therapeutic targets and summarize the promising therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria for SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China;
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Yujie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Tel: +86-571-87784815; Fax: +86-571-87784755; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan J, Li W, Zhou C, Wu N, Yang X, Pan Q, He T, Wu Y, Guo Z, Xia Y, Sun X, Cheng C. Dynamic Measurements of Cerebral Blood Flow Responses to Cortical Spreading Depolarization in the Murine Endovascular Perforation Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model. Transl Stroke Res 2022:10.1007/s12975-022-01052-1. [PMID: 35749033 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is the most severe complication after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is believed to play a vital role in it. However, the dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to CSD in typical SAH models have not been well investigated. Here, SAH was established in mice with endovascular perforation. Subsequently, the spontaneous CBF dropped instantly and then returned to baseline rapidly. After KCl application to the cortex, subsequent hypoperfusion waves occurred across the groups, while a lower average perfusion level was found in the SAH groups (days 1-7). Moreover, in the SAH groups, the number of CSD decreased within day 7, and the duration and spreading velocity of the CSD increased within day 3 and day 14, respectively. Next, we continuously monitored the local field potential (LFP) in the prefrontal cortex. The results showed that the decrease in the percentage of gamma oscillations lasted throughout the whole process in the SAH group. In the chronic phase after SAH, we found that the mice still had cognitive deficits but experienced no obvious tissue damage. In summary, SAH negatively affects the CBF responses to CSD and the spontaneous LFP activity and causes long-term cognitive deficits in mice. Based on these findings, in the specific phase after SAH, DCI is induced or exacerbated more easily by potential causers of CSD in clinical practice (edema, erythrocytolysis, inflammation), which may lead to neurological deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Z, Tan Q, Guo P, Huang S, Jia Z, Liu X, Feng H, Chen Y. NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated choroid plexus hypersecretion contributes to hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage via phosphorylated NKCC1 channels. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:163. [PMID: 35729645 PMCID: PMC9210649 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrocephalus is a severe complication of intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension (ICH-IVH) and causes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation. The choroid plexus epithelium plays an important role in CSF secretion and constitutes the blood–CSF barrier within the brain–immune system interface. Although the NLRP3 inflammasome, as a key component of the innate immune system, promotes neuroinflammation, its role in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus after hemorrhage has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of NLRP3 in hydrocephalus to discover a potential marker for targeted therapy. Methods A rat model of hydrocephalus after ICH-IVH was developed through autologous blood infusion in wild-type and Nlrp3−/− rats. By studying the features and processes of the model, we investigated the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and CSF hypersecretion in the choroid plexus. Results The ICH-IVH model rats showed ventricular dilation accompanied by CSF hypersecretion for 3 days. Based on the choroid plexus RNA-seq and proteomics results, we found that an inflammatory response was activated. The NLRP3 inflammasome was investigated, and the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components reached a peak at 3 days after ICH-IVH. Inhibition of NLRP3 by an MCC950 inflammasome inhibitor or Nlrp3 knockout decreased CSF secretion and ventricular dilation and attenuated neurological deficits after ICH-IVH. The mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of NLRP3 inhibition involved decreased phosphorylation of NKCC1, which is a major protein that regulates CSF secretion by altering Na+- and K+-coupled water transport, via MCC950 or Nlrp3 knockout. In combination with the in vitro experiments, this experiment confirmed the involvement of the NLRP3/p-NKCC1 pathway and Na+ and K+ flux. Conclusions This study demonstrates that NKCC1 phosphorylation in the choroid plexus epithelium promotes NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated CSF hypersecretion and that NLRP3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus after hemorrhage. These findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating hydrocephalus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02530-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Peiwen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Suna Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhengcai Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qian Y, Li Q, Chen L, Sun J, Cao K, Mei Z, Lu X. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate M1 Microglial Activation in Brain Injury of Mice With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via microRNA-140-5p Delivery. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:328-338. [PMID: 35015859 PMCID: PMC9017768 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is documented that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) to modulate subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) development. miR-140-5p expression has been detected in MSC-derived EVs, while the mechanism of MSC-derived EVs containing miR-140-5p in SAH remains unknown. We aim to fill this void by establishing SAH mouse models and extracting MSCs and MSC-EVs. METHODS After ALK5 was silenced in SAH mice, neurological function was evaluated, neuron apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling with NeuN staining, and expression of serum inflammatory factors (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of ALK5 on NOX2 expression was assessed by western-blot analysis. Targeting the relationship between miR-140-5p and ALK5 was evaluated by dual luciferase assay. Following extraction of MSCs and MSC-EVs, EVs and miR-140-5p were labeled by PKH67 and Cy3, respectively, to identify the transferring of miR-140-5p by MSC-EVs. SAH mice were treated with EVs from miR-140-5p mimic/inhibitor-transfected MSCs to detect effects of MSC-EV-miR-140-5p on brain injury and microglial polarization. RESULTS ALK5 silencing increased the neurological score and reduced neuron apoptosis and neuroinflammation in SAH mice. ALK5 silencing inhibited M1 microglia activation by inactivating NOX2. ALK5 was a target gene of miR-140-5p. MSC-derived EVs contained miR-140-5p and transferred miR-140-5p into microglia. MSC-EV-delivered miR-140-3p reduced ALK5 expression to contribute to repression of brain injury and M1 microglia activation in SAH mice. CONCLUSIONS MSC-derived EVs transferred miR-140-5p into microglia to downregulate ALK5 and NOX2, thus inhibiting M1 microglia activation in SAH mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojun Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Zhenjiang First People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Enhancing S-nitrosoglutathione reductase decreases S-nitrosylation of Drp1 and reduces neuronal apoptosis in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage both in vivo and in vitro. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:184-200. [PMID: 35304287 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a hemorrhagic stroke with a high mortality and disability rate. Nitric oxide (NO) can promote blood supply through vasodilation, leading to protein S-nitrosylation. However, the function of S-nitrosylation in neurons after SAH remains unclear. Excessive NO in the pathological state is converted into S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and stored in cells, which leads to high S-nitrosylation of intracellular proteins and causes nitrosative stress. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) promotes GSNO degradation and protects cells from excessive S-nitrosylation. We conducted an in vivo rat carotid puncture model and an in vitro neuron hemoglobin intervention. The results showed that SAH induction increased NO, GSNO, neuron protein S-nitrosylation, and neuronal apoptosis, while decreasing the level and activity of GSNOR. GSNOR overexpression by lentivirus decreased GSNO but had little effect on NO. GSNOR overexpression also improved short- and long-term neurobehavioral outcomes in rats and alleviated nitrosative stress. Furthermore, GSNOR reduced neuronal apoptosis and played a neuroprotective role by alleviating Drp1 S-nitrosylation, reducing mitochondrial division. Thus, the regulation of GSNOR in early brain injury and neuronal denitrosylation may play an important role in neuroprotection.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ahmed S, Pande AH, Sharma SS. Therapeutic potential of ApoE-mimetic peptides in CNS disorders: Current perspective. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
24
|
Lin F, Li R, Tu WJ, Chen Y, Wang K, Chen X, Zhao J. An Update on Antioxidative Stress Therapy Research for Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:772036. [PMID: 34938172 PMCID: PMC8686680 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.772036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reasons for disability and death in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may be early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Despite studies reporting and progressing when DCI is well-treated clinically, the prognosis is not well-improved. According to the present situation, we regard EBI as the main target of future studies, and one of the key phenotype-oxidative stresses may be called for attention in EBI after laboratory subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We summarized the research progress and updated the literature that has been published about the relationship between experimental and clinical SAH-induced EBI and oxidative stress (OS) in PubMed from January 2016 to June 2021. Many signaling pathways are related to the mechanism of OS in EBI after SAH. Several antioxidative stress drugs were studied and showed a protective response against EBI after SAH. The systematical study of antioxidative stress in EBI after laboratory and clinical SAH may supply us with new therapies about SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu X, Zeng H, Xu C, Chen H, Fan L, Zhou H, Yu Q, Fu X, Peng Y, Yan F, Yu X, Chen G. TREM1 Regulates Neuroinflammatory Injury by Modulate Proinflammatory Subtype Transition of Microglia and Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via Interaction With SYK in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766178. [PMID: 34721438 PMCID: PMC8548669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key process in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and contributes to poor outcome in patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) in the SAH, as well as its potential mechanism. In our study, plasma levels of soluble TREM1 was increased significantly after SAH and correlated to SAH severity and serum C-reactiveprotein. TREM1 inhibitory peptide LP17 alleviated the neurological deficits, attenuated brain water content, and reduced neuronal damage after SAH. Meanwhile, TREM1 inhibitory peptide decreased neuroinflammation (evidenced by the decreased levels of markers including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) by attenuating proinflammatory subtype transition of microglia (evidenced by the decreased levels of markers including CD68, CD16, CD86) and decreasing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (evidenced by the decreased levels of markers including CitH3, MPO, and NE). Further mechanistic study identified that TREM1 can activate downstream proinflammatory pathways through interacting with spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). In conclusion, inhibition of TREM1 alleviates neuroinflammation by attenuating proinflammatory subtype transition of microglia and decreasing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps through interacting with SYK after SAH. TREM1 may be a a promising therapeutic target for SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lecordier S, Manrique-Castano D, El Moghrabi Y, ElAli A. Neurovascular Alterations in Vascular Dementia: Emphasis on Risk Factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:727590. [PMID: 34566627 PMCID: PMC8461067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.727590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) constitutes the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the world after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). VaD regroups heterogeneous neurological conditions in which the decline of cognitive functions, including executive functions, is associated with structural and functional alterations in the cerebral vasculature. Among these cerebrovascular disorders, major stroke, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) constitute the major risk factors for VaD. These conditions alter neurovascular functions leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) deregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and inflammation. Accumulation of neurovascular impairments over time underlies the cognitive function decline associated with VaD. Furthermore, several vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes have been shown to exacerbate neurovascular impairments and thus increase VaD prevalence. Importantly, air pollution constitutes an underestimated risk factor that triggers vascular dysfunction via inflammation and oxidative stress. The review summarizes the current knowledge related to the pathological mechanisms linking neurovascular impairments associated with stroke, cSVD, and vascular risk factors with a particular emphasis on air pollution, to VaD etiology and progression. Furthermore, the review discusses the major challenges to fully elucidate the pathobiology of VaD, as well as research directions to outline new therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Manrique-Castano
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yara El Moghrabi
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
James ML, Troy J, Nowacki N, Komisarow J, Swisher CB, Tucker K, Hatton K, Babi MA, Worrall BB, Andrews C, Woo D, Kranz PG, Lascola C, Maughan M, Laskowitz DT. CN-105 in Participants with Acute Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage (CATCH) Trial. Neurocrit Care 2021; 36:216-225. [PMID: 34424490 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous apolipoprotein (apo) E mediates neuroinflammatory responses and recovery after brain injury. Exogenously administered apoE-mimetic peptides effectively penetrate the central nervous system compartment and downregulate acute inflammation. CN-105 is a novel apoE-mimetic pentapeptide with excellent evidence of functional and histological improvement in preclinical models of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The CN-105 in participants with Acute supraTentorial intraCerebral Hemorrhage (CATCH) trial is a first-in-disease-state multicenter open-label trial evaluating safety and feasability of CN-105 administration in patients with acute primary supratentorial ICH. METHODS Eligible patients were aged 30-80 years, had confirmed primary supratentorial ICH, and were able to intiate CN-105 administration (1.0 mg/kg every 6 h for 72 h) within 12 h of symptom onset. A priori defined safety end points, including hematoma volume, pharmacokinetics, and 30-day neurological outcomes, were analyzed. For clinical outcomes, CATCH participants were compared 1:1 with a closely matched contemporary ICH cohort through random selection. Hematoma volumes determined from computed tomography images on days 0, 1, 2, and 5 and ordinal modified Rankin Scale score at 30 days after ICH were compared. RESULTS In 38 participants enrolled across six study sites in the United States, adverse events occurred at an expected rate without increase in hematoma expansion or neurological deterioration. CN-105 treatment had an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 2.69 (1.31-5.51) for lower 30-day modified Rankin Scale score, after adjustment for ICH score, sex, and race/ethnicity, as compared with a matched contemporary cohort. CONCLUSIONS CN-105 administration represents an excellent translational candidate for treatment of acute ICH because of its safety, dosing feasibility, favorable pharmacokinetics, and possible improvement in neurological recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L James
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Jesse Troy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kristi Tucker
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest-Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Hatton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marc A Babi
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesvile, VA, USA
| | - Charles Andrews
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter G Kranz
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,AegisCN, LLC, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang L, Guo K, Zhou J, Zhang X, Yin S, Peng J, Liao Y, Jiang Y. Ponesimod protects against neuronal death by suppressing the activation of A1 astrocytes in early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurochem 2021; 158:880-897. [PMID: 34143505 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As an important initiator and responder of brain inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes transform into two new reactive phenotypes with changed morphology, altered gene expression and secretion profiles, termed detrimental A1 and beneficial A2. Inflammatory events have been shown to occur during the phase of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the phenotype transformation of astrocytes as well as its potential contribution to inflammatory status in the EBI of SAH has yet to be determined. In the present study, both in vivo and in vitro models of SAH were established, and the polarization of astrocytes after SAH was analyzed by RNA-seq, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of astrocytic phenotype transformation on neuroinflammation was examined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that astrocytes were transformed into A1 astrocytes and caused neuronal death through the release of pro-inflammatory factors in EBI after SAH. Importantly, Ponesimod, an S1PR1 specific modulator, exerted neuroprotective effects through the prevention of astrocytic polarization to the A1 phenotype as proved by immunofluorescence, neurological tests, and TUNEL study. We also revealed the role of Ponesimod in modulating astrocytic response was mediated by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. Our study suggested that Ponesimod may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of brain injury following SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Neurological Disease and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurological Disease and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China.,Neurological Disease and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Neurological Disease and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shigang Yin
- Neurological Disease and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Neurological Disease and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurological Disease and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Neurological Disease and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ru X, Gao L, Zhou J, Li Q, Zuo S, Chen Y, Liu Z, Feng H. Secondary White Matter Injury and Therapeutic Targets After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2021; 12:659740. [PMID: 34335439 PMCID: PMC8319471 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.659740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the special stroke subtypes with high mortality and mobility. Although the mortality of SAH has decreased by 50% over the past two decades due to advances in neurosurgery and management of neurocritical care, more than 70% of survivors suffer from varying degrees of neurological deficits and cognitive impairments, leaving a heavy burden on individuals, families, and the society. Recent studies have shown that white matter is vulnerable to SAH, and white matter injuries may be one of the causes of long-term neurological deficits caused by SAH. Attention has recently focused on the pivotal role of white matter injury in the pathophysiological processes after SAH, mainly related to mechanical damage caused by increased intracerebral pressure and the metabolic damage induced by blood degradation and hypoxia. In the present review, we sought to summarize the pathophysiology processes and mechanisms of white matter injury after SAH, with a view to providing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of long-term cognitive dysfunction after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of General Practice, Audio-Visual Education Center, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiru Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shilun Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shi H, Fang Y, Huang L, Gao L, Lenahan C, Okada T, Travis ZD, Xie S, Tang H, Lu Q, Liu R, Tang J, Cheng Y, Zhang JH. Activation of Galanin Receptor 1 with M617 Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis via ERK/GSK-3β/TIP60 Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1905-1921. [PMID: 34086200 PMCID: PMC8609084 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease. Neuronal apoptosis plays an important pathological role in early brain injury after SAH. Galanin receptor 1 (GalR1) activation was recently shown to be anti-apoptotic in the setting of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to explore the anti-neuronal apoptosis effect of GalR1 activation after SAH, as well as the underlying mechanisms. GalR1 CRISPR and GalR1 selective agonist, M617, was administered, respectively. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (U0126) and glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3-β) CRISPR were administered to investigate the involvement of the ERK/GSK3-β pathway in GalR1-mediated neuroprotection after SAH. Outcome assessments included neurobehavioral tests, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that endogenous ligand galanin (Gal) and GalR1 were markedly increased in the ipsilateral brain hemisphere at 12 h and 24 h after SAH. GalR1 were expressed mainly in neurons, but expression was also observed in some astrocytes and microglia. GalR1 CRISPR knockdown exacerbated neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis 24 h after SAH. Moreover, activation of GalR1 with M617 significantly improved short- and long-term neurological deficits but decreased neuronal apoptosis after SAH. Furthermore, GalR1 activation dysregulated the protein levels of phosphorylated ERK and GSK-3β, but downregulated the phosphorylated Tat-interactive protein 60 (TIP60) and cleaved caspase-3 at 24 h after SAH. GalR1 CRISPR, U0126, and GSK-3β CRISPR abolished the beneficial effects of GalR1 activation at 24 h after SAH in rats. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that activation of GalR1 using M617 attenuated neuronal apoptosis through the ERK/GSK-3β/TIP60 pathway after SAH in rats. GalR1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for SAH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Medical University, Yongchuan Hospital, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Zachary D Travis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weiland J, Beez A, Westermaier T, Kunze E, Sirén AL, Lilla N. Neuroprotective Strategies in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5442. [PMID: 34064048 PMCID: PMC8196706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains a disease with high mortality and morbidity. Since treating vasospasm has not inevitably led to an improvement in outcome, the actual emphasis is on finding neuroprotective therapies in the early phase following aSAH to prevent secondary brain injury in the later phase of disease. Within the early phase, neuroinflammation, thromboinflammation, disturbances in brain metabolism and early neuroprotective therapies directed against delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) came into focus. Herein, the role of neuroinflammation, thromboinflammation and metabolism in aSAH is depicted. Potential neuroprotective strategies regarding neuroinflammation target microglia activation, metalloproteases, autophagy and the pathway via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), NF-κB and finally the release of cytokines like TNFα or IL-1. Following the link to thromboinflammation, potential neuroprotective therapies try to target microthrombus formation, platelets and platelet receptors as well as clot clearance and immune cell infiltration. Potential neuroprotective strategies regarding metabolism try to re-balance the mismatch of energy need and supply following aSAH, for example, in restoring fuel to the TCA cycle or bypassing distinct energy pathways. Overall, this review addresses current neuroprotective strategies in aSAH, hopefully leading to future translational therapy options to prevent secondary brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Weiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.W.); (E.K.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Alexandra Beez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.W.); (E.K.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Thomas Westermaier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.W.); (E.K.); (A.-L.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios-Amper Klinikum Dachau, Krankenhausstr. 15, 85221 Dachau, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Kunze
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.W.); (E.K.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.W.); (E.K.); (A.-L.S.)
| | - Nadine Lilla
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.B.); (T.W.); (E.K.); (A.-L.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun XG, Zhang MM, Liu SY, Chu XH, Xue GQ, Zhang BC, Zhu JB, Godje Godje IS, Zhu LJ, Hu HY, Hai-Wang, Shen YJ, Wang GQ. Role of TREM-1 in the development of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113692. [PMID: 33727099 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) was found to be induced in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) before. This study further investigates its role in the development of SAH-induced early brain injury (EBI). Firstly, rats were randomly divided into Sham and SAH groups for analysis of temporal patterns and cellular localization of TREM-1. Secondly, TREM-1 intervention was administrated to produce Sham, vehicle, antagonist and agonist groups, for analyzing TREM-1, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and NF-κB expressions at 24 h post-modeling, and EBI assessment at 24 h and 72 h. Thirdly, TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242) was exploited to produce Sham, Sham+TAK-242, SAH, and SAH + TAK-242 groups to analyze the effects of TLR4 inhibition on TREM-1 induction and EBI evaluation at 72 h. Fourthly, the relationship of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) levels in cerebrospinal fluid of SAH patients with Hunt-Hess grades were explored. The results showed that TREM-1 increased in the brain after experimental SAH (eSAH) early at 6 h and peaked at 48 h, which was found to be located in microglia and endothelial cells. TREM-1 inhibition attenuated EBI associated with TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB suppression, while enhancement had the opposite effects. Contrarily, TLR4 inhibition prevented TREM-1 induction and ameliorated EBI. In addition, sTREM-1 levels in SAH patients positively correlated with Hunt-Hess grades. Overall, the present study provides new evidence that TREM-1 increases dynamically in the brain after eSAH and it is located in microglia and endothelial cells, which may aggravate EBI by interacting with TLR4 pathway. And sTREM-1 in patients might act as a monitoring biomarker of EBI, providing new insights for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gang Sun
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mi-Mi Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yu Liu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Hong Chu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuncheng Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuncheng Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuncheng Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Li-Juan Zhu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yu Hu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jie Shen
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gai-Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ru X, Qu J, Li Q, Zhou J, Huang S, Li W, Zuo S, Chen Y, Liu Z, Feng H. MiR-706 alleviates white matter injury via downregulating PKCα/MST1/NF-κB pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113688. [PMID: 33713655 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) who recover from surgery and intensive care management still live with cognitive impairment after discharge, indicating the importance of white matter injury at the acute stage of SAH. In the present study, standard endovascular perforation was employed to establish an SAH mouse model, and a microRNA (miRNA) chip was used to analyze the changes in gene expression in white matter tissue after SAH. The data indicate that 17 miRNAs were downregulated, including miR-706, miR-669a-5p, miR-669p-5p, miR-7116-5p and miR-195a-3p, while 13 miRNAs were upregulated, including miR-6907-5p, miR-5135, miR-6982-5p, miR-668-5p, miR-8119. Strikingly, miR-706 was significantly downregulated with the highest fold change. Further experiments confirmed that miR-706 could alleviate white matter injury and improve neurological behavior, at least partially by inhibiting the PKCα/MST1/NF-κB pathway and the release of inflammatory cytokines. These results might provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological processes in white matter after SAH, as well as potential therapeutic strategies for the translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xufang Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Emergency, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiru Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Suna Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shilun Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang T, Huang L, Peng J, Zhang JH, Zhang H. LJ529 attenuates mast cell-related inflammation via A 3R-PKCε-ALDH2 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113686. [PMID: 33713658 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mast cells (MCs) has been recognized as an effector of inflammation or a trigger of inflammatory factors during stroke. LJ529 was reported to attenuate inflammation through a Gi protein-coupled Adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) after ischemia. Here, we aim to study the protective effect and its mechanism of LJ529 in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) rat model for mast cell-related inflammation. METHODS 155 Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were used in experiments. Endovascular perforation was used for SAH model. Intraperitoneal LJ529 was performed 1 h after SAH. Neurological scores were measured 24 h after SAH. Rotarod and morris water maze tests were evaluated for 21 days after SAH. Mast cell degranulation was assessed with Toluidine blue staining and Chymase/Typtase protein expressions. Mast cell-related inflammation was evaluated using IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 protein expressions. MRS1523, inhibitor of GPR18 and ε-V1-2, inhibitor of PKCε were respectively given intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1 h and 30 min before SAH for mechanism studies. Pathway related proteins were investigated with western blot and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Expression of A3R, PKCε increased after SAH. LJ529 treatment attenuated mast cell degranulation and inflammation. Meanwhile, both short-term and long-term neurological functions were improved after LJ529 treatment. Administration of LJ529 resulted in increased expressions of A3R, PKCε, ALDH2 proteins and decreased expressions of Chymase, Typtase, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 proteins. MRS1523 abolished the treatment effects of LJ529 on neurobehavior and protein levels. ε-V1-2 also reversed the outcomes of LJ529 administration through reduction in protein expressions downstream of PKCε. CONCLUSIONS LJ529 attenuated mast cell-related inflammation through inhibiting degranulation via A3R-PKCε-ALDH2 pathway after SAH. LJ529 may serve as a potential treatment strategy to relieve post-SAH brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
From the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 to neuropathic pain: a potentially novel target. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e898. [PMID: 33981930 PMCID: PMC8108589 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 plays a major role in the regulation of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, neuroregeneration, neuropathic pain, and deficient cognitive functions. This review describes the roles of the low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 (LRP-1) in inflammatory pathways, nerve nerve degeneration and -regeneration and in neuropathic pain. Induction of LRP-1 is able to reduce the activation of the proinflammatory NFκB-mediated pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 signaling pathways, in turn decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 activation also decreases reactive astrogliosis and polarizes microglial cells and macrophages from a proinflammatory phenotype (M1) to an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2), attenuating the neuroinflammatory environment. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 can also modulate the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and the blood–nerve barrier, thus regulating the infiltration of systemic insults and cells into the central and the peripheral nervous system, respectively. Furthermore, LRP-1 is involved in the maturation of oligodendrocytes and in the activation, migration, and repair phenotype of Schwann cells, therefore suggesting a major role in restoring the myelin sheaths upon injury. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 activation can indirectly decrease neurodegeneration and neuropathic pain by attenuation of the inflammatory environment. Moreover, LRP-1 agonists can directly promote neural cell survival and neurite sprouting, decrease cell death, and attenuate pain and neurological disorders by the inhibition of MAPK c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38-pathway and activation of MAPK extracellular signal–regulated kinase pathway. In addition, activation of LRP-1 resulted in better outcomes for neuropathies such as Alzheimer disease, nerve injury, or diabetic peripheral neuropathy, attenuating neuropathic pain and improving cognitive functions. To summarize, LRP-1 plays an important role in the development of different experimental diseases of the nervous system, and it is emerging as a very interesting therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang R, Zhang S, Yang Z, Zheng Y, Yan F, Tao Z, Fan J, Zhao H, Han Z, Luo Y. Mutant erythropoietin enhances white matter repair via the JAK2/STAT3 and C/EBPβ pathway in middle-aged mice following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Exp Neurol 2021; 337:113553. [PMID: 33309747 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that EPO maintains the M2 microglia phenotype that contributes to white matter repair after ischemic stroke in young mice (2 months old). However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate microglial polarization are poorly defined. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of nonerythropoietic mutant EPO (MEPO) on white matter and the underlying mechanism in middle-aged (9-month-old) male mice following cerebral ischemia. Middle-aged male C57 BL/6 mice were treated with MEPO (5000 IU/kg) or vehicle after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. The specific inhibitor AG490 was used to block the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Neurological function was assessed by beam walking and adhesive removal tests. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to assess the severity of white matter injury, phenotypic changes in the microglia and the expression of the signaling molecules. MEPO significantly improved neurobehavioral outcomes, alleviated brain tissue loss, and ameliorated white matter injury after MCAO compared with the vehicle group. Moreover, MEPO promoted oligodendrogenesis by shifting microglia toward M2 polarization by promoting JAK2/STAT3 activation and inhibiting the expression of C/EBPβ at 14 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. However, the MEPO's effect on microglial M2 polarization and oligodendrogenesis was largely suppressed by AG490 treatment. Collectively, these data indicate that MEPO treatment improves white matter integrity after cerebral ischemia, which may be partly explained by MEPO facilitating microglia toward the beneficial M2 phenotype to promote oligodendrogenesis via JAK2/STAT3 and the C/EBPβ signaling pathway. This study provides novel insight into MEPO treatment for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongliang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhenhong Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Junfen Fan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ziping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tu T, Yin S, Pang J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Guo K, Chen L, Peng J, Jiang Y. Irisin Contributes to Neuroprotection by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:640215. [PMID: 33613273 PMCID: PMC7886674 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.640215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke, which poses a series of intractable challenges to clinical practice. Imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis has been thought to be the crucial pathomechanism in early brain injury (EBI) cascade after SAH. Irisin, a protein related to metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis, has been reported to play pivotal roles in post-stroke neuroprotection. However, whether this myokine can exert neuroprotection effects after SAH remains unknown. In the present study, we explored the protective effects of irisin and the underlying mechanisms related to mitochondrial biogenesis in a SAH animal model. Endovascular perforation was used to induce SAH, and recombinant irisin was administered intracerebroventricularly. Neurobehavioral assessments, TdT-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, immunofluorescence, western blot, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed for post-SAH assessments. We demonstrated that irisin treatment improved neurobehavioral scores, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and alleviated oxidative stress in EBI after SAH. More importantly, the administration of exogenous irisin conserved the mitochondrial morphology and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis. The protective effects of irisin were partially reversed by the mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) inhibitor. Taken together, irisin may have neuroprotective effects against SAH via improving the mitochondrial biogenesis, at least in part, through UCP-2 related targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shigang Yin
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuke Xie
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Guo
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Luzhou Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hu X, Yan J, Huang L, Araujo C, Peng J, Gao L, Liu S, Tang J, Zuo G, Zhang JH. INT-777 attenuates NLRP3-ASC inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation via TGR5/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:587-600. [PMID: 32961266 PMCID: PMC7749833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The activation of the TGR5 receptor has been shown to be neuroprotective in a variety of neurological diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the specific synthetic TGR5 agonist, INT-777, in attenuating NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation and reducing neuroinflammation after SAH. METHODS One hundred and eighty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were used. SAH was induced by the endovascular perforation. INT-777 was administered intranasally at 1 h after SAH induction. To elucidate the signaling pathway involved in the effect of INT-777 on inflammasome activation during EBI, TGR5 knockout CRISPR and PKA inhibitor H89 were administered intracerebroventricularly and intraperitoneally at 48 h and 1 h before SAH. The SAH grade, short- and long-term neurobehavioral assessments, brain water content, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and Nissl staining were performed. RESULTS The expressions of endogenous TGR5, p-PKA, and NLRP3-ASC inflammasome were increased after SAH. INT-777 administration significantly decreased NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation in microglia, reduced brain edema and neuroinflammation, leading to improved short-term neurobehavioral functions at 24 h after SAH. The administration of TGR5 CRISPR or PKA inhibitor (H89) abolished the anti-inflammation effects of INT-777, on NLRP3-ASC inflammasome, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-a), and neutrophil infiltration at 24 h after SAH. Moreover, early administration of INT-777 attenuated neuronal degeneration in hippocampus on 28 d after SAH. CONCLUSIONS INT-777 attenuated NLRP3-ASC inflammasome-dependent neuroinflammation in the EBI after SAH, partially via TGR5/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Early administration of INT-777 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for EBI management in the setting of SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Camila Araujo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570000, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570000, China
| | - Shengpeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Gang Zuo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Taicang Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Taicang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gao L, Shi H, Sherchan P, Tang H, Peng L, Xie S, Liu R, Hu X, Tang J, Xia Y, Zhang JH. Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 attenuates neuroinflammation via PGE2/EP2/NOX2 signalling and improves the outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:615-626. [PMID: 33035633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) plays a critical role in proinflammatory processes in the central nervous system by modulating microglia activation. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory effects and neurological function improvement of LPA1 inhibition after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in mice and to determine whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), E-type prostaglandin receptor 2 (EP2), and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) signalling are involved in LPA1-mediated neuroinflammation. ICH was induced in CD1 mice by autologous whole blood injection. AM966, a selective LPA1 antagonist, was administered by oral gavage 1 h and 12 h after ICH. The LPA1 endogenous ligand, LPA was administered to verify the effect of LPA1 activation. To elucidate potential inflammatory mechanisms of LPA1, the selective EP2 activator butaprost was administered by intracerebroventricular injection with either AM966 or LPA1 CRISPR knockout (KO). Water content of the brain, neurobehavior, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot were performed. After ICH, EP2 was expressed in microglia whereas LPA1 was expressed in microglia, neurons, and astrocytes, which peaked after 24 h. AM966 inhibition of LPA1 improved neurologic function, reduced brain oedema, and suppressed perihematomal inflammatory cells after ICH. LPA administration aggravated neurological deficits after ICH. AM966 treatment and LPA1 CRISPR KO both decreased the expressions of PGE2, EP2, NOX2, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expressions after ICH, which was reversed by butaprost. This study demonstrated that inhibition of LPA1 attenuated neuroinflammation caused by ICH via PGE2/EP2/NOX2 signalling pathway in mice, which consequently improved neurobehavioral functions and alleviated brain oedema. LPA1 may be a promising therapeutic target to attenuate ICH-induced secondary brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zeyu Zhang, Yuanjian Fang, Cameron Lenahan, Sheng Chen. The role of immune inflammation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113535. [PMID: 33249033 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating disease, which mainly caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Clinical trials have demonstrated that cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is not the sole contributor to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor outcomes in patients with aSAH. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that early brain injury (EBI), which occurs within 72 h after the onset of aSAH, lays the foundation for subsequent pathophysiological changes and poor outcomes of patients. The pathological mechanisms of EBI mainly include increased intracranial pressure, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, cerebral edema and cell death. Among them, the brain immune inflammatory responses involve a variety of immune cells and active substances, which play an important role in EBI after aSAH and may be related to DCI and long-term outcomes. Thus, attention should be paid to strategies targeting cerebral immune inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the role of immune inflammatory responses in the occurrence and development of aSAH, as well as some inflammatory biomarkers related to CVS, DCI, and aSAH outcomes. In addition, we also summarize the potential therapeutic drugs that target cerebral immune inflammatory responses for patients with aSAH in current research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
APOE4 genetic polymorphism results in impaired recovery in a repeated mild traumatic brain injury model and treatment with Bryostatin-1 improves outcomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19919. [PMID: 33199792 PMCID: PMC7670450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After traumatic brain injury (TBI), some people have worse recovery than others. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) are known to increase risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease, however there is controversy from human and rodent studies as to whether ApoE4 is a risk factor for worse outcomes after brain trauma. To resolve these conflicting studies we have explored the effect of the human APOE4 gene in a reproducible mouse model that mimics common human injuries. We have investigated cellular and behavioral outcomes in genetically engineered human APOE targeted replacement (TR) mice following repeated mild TBI (rmTBI) using a lateral fluid percussion injury model. Relative to injured APOE3 TR mice, injured APOE4 TR mice had more inflammation, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, p-tau, and activated microglia and less total brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cortex and/or hippocampus at 1 and/or 21 days post-injury. We utilized a novel personalized approach to treating APOE4 susceptible mice by administering Bryostatin-1, which improved cellular as well as motor and cognitive behavior outcomes at 1 DPI in the APOE4 injured mice. This study demonstrates that APOE4 is a risk factor for poor outcomes after rmTBI and highlights how personalized therapeutics can be a powerful treatment option.
Collapse
|
42
|
Fang Y, Shi H, Ren R, Huang L, Okada T, Lenahan C, Gamdzyk M, Travis ZD, Lu Q, Tang L, Huang Y, Zhou K, Tang J, Zhang J, Zhang JH. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Attenuates Brain Edema by Protecting Blood-Brain Barrier and Glymphatic System After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1954-1972. [PMID: 32918234 PMCID: PMC7851266 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain edema is a vital contributor to early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which is responsible for prolonged hospitalization and poor outcomes. Pharmacological therapeutic targets on edema formation have been the focus of research for decades. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to participate in neural development and brain injury. Here, we used PACAP knockout CRISPR to demonstrate that endogenous PACAP plays an endogenous neuroprotective role against brain edema formation after SAH in rats. The exogenous PACAP treatment provided both short- and long-term neurological benefits by preserving the function of the blood-brain barrier and glymphatic system after SAH. Pretreatment of inhibitors of PACAP receptors showed that the PACAP-involved anti-edema effect and neuroprotection after SAH was facilitated by the selective PACAP receptor (PAC1). Further administration of adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibitor and sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) CRISPR activator suggested that the AC-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) axis participated in PACAP signaling after SAH, which inhibited the expression of edema-related proteins, SUR1 and aquaporin-4 (AQP4), through SUR1 phosphorylation. Thus, PACAP may serve as a potential clinical treatment to alleviate brain edema in patients with SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Reng Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, California, 92354, USA
| | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, California, 92354, USA
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Marcin Gamdzyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Zachary D Travis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, California, 92354, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus St, Risley Hall, Room 219, Loma Linda, California, 92354, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
TREM-1 Exacerbates Neuroinflammatory Injury via NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:643-659. [PMID: 32862402 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of early brain injury induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous reports have demonstrated that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) regulates inflammatory response caused by ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction. However, whether TREM-1 could modulate neuroinflammation after SAH remains largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of SAH, we found that the expression of TREM-1 was mainly located in microglia cells and increased to peak at 24 h following SAH. Then, TREM-1 antagonist or mimic was intranasally administrated to investigate its effect on SAH. TREM-1 inhibition with LP17 improved neurological deficits, mitigated brain water content, and preserved brain-blood barrier integrity 24 h after SAH, whereas recombinant TREM-1, a mimic of TREM-1, deteriorated these outcomes. In addition, LP17 administration restored long-term sensorimotor coordination and cognitive deficits. Pharmacological blockade of TREM-1 reduced TUNEL-positive and FJC-positive neurons, and CD68-stained microglia in ipsilateral cerebral cortex. Neutrophil invasion was inhibited as protein level of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and MPO-positive cells were both decreased. Moreover, we found that LP17 treatment ameliorated microglial pyroptosis by diminishing levels of N-terminal fragment of GSDMD (GSDMD-N) and IL-1β production. Mechanistically, both in vivo and in vitro, we depicted that TREM-1 can trigger microglial pyroptosis via activating NLRP3 inflammasome. In conclusion, our results revealed the critical role of TREM-1 in neuroinflammation following SAH, suggesting that TREM-1 inhibition might be a potential therapeutic approach for SAH.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhou Y, Yao Y, Sheng L, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Shao A. Osteopontin as a candidate of therapeutic application for the acute brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8918-8929. [PMID: 32657030 PMCID: PMC7417697 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute brain injury is the leading cause of human death and disability worldwide, which includes intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral ischaemia, traumatic brain injury and hypoxia‐ischaemia brain injury. Currently, clinical treatments for neurological dysfunction of acute brain injury have not been satisfactory. Osteopontin (OPN) is a complex adhesion protein and cytokine that interacts with multiple receptors including integrins and CD44 variants, exhibiting mostly neuroprotective roles and showing therapeutic potential for acute brain injury. OPN‐induced tissue remodelling and functional repair mainly rely on its positive roles in the coordination of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory responses, blood‐brain barrier maintenance and anti‐apoptotic actions, as well as other mechanisms such as affecting the chemotaxis and proliferation of nerve cells. The blood OPN strongly parallel with the OPN induced in the brain and can be used as a novel biomarker of the susceptibility, severity and outcome of acute brain injury. In the present review, we summarized the molecular signalling mechanisms of OPN as well as its overall role in different kinds of acute brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Sheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yan J, Zuo G, Sherchan P, Huang L, Ocak U, Xu W, Travis ZD, Wang W, Zhang JH, Tang J. CCR1 Activation Promotes Neuroinflammation Through CCR1/TPR1/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1170-1183. [PMID: 31898284 PMCID: PMC7609528 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) has been shown to be pro-inflammatory in several animal models of neurological diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the activation of CCR1 on neuroinflammation in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the mechanism of CCR1/tetratricopeptide repeat 1 (TPR1)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway in CCR1-mediated neuroinflammation. Adult male CD1 mice (n = 210) were used in the study. The selective CCR1 antagonist Met-RANTES was administered intranasally at 1 h after autologous blood injection. To elucidate potential mechanism, a specific ERK1/2 activator (ceramide C6) was administered prior to Met-RANTES treatment; CCR1 activator (recombinant CCL5, rCCL5) and TPR1 CRISPR were administered in naïve mouse. Neurobehavioral assessments, brain water content, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot were performed. The endogenous expressions of CCR1, CCL5, TPR1, and p-ERK1/2 were increased in the brain after ICH. CCR1 were expressed on microglia, neurons, and astrocytes. The inhibition of CCR1 with Met-RANTES improved neurologic function, decreased brain edema, and suppressed microglia/macrophage activations and neutrophil infiltration after ICH. Met-RANTES treatment decreased expressions of CCR1, TPR1, p-ERK, TNF-α, and IL-1β, which was reversed by ceramide C6. The brain CCR1 activation by rCCL5 injection in naïve mouse resulted in neurological deficits and increased expressions of CCR1, TPR1, p-ERK, TNF-α, and IL-1β. These detrimental effects of rCCL5 were reversed by TPR1 knockdown using TPR1 CRISPR. Our study demonstrated that CCR1 activation promoted neuroinflammation through CCR1/TPR1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway after ICH in mice. CCR1 inhibition with Met-RANTES attenuated neuroinflammation, thereby reducing brain edema and improving neurobehavioral functions. Targeting CCR1 activation may provide a promising therapeutic approach in the management of ICH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Gang Zuo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taicang Hospital, Soochow University, Taicang, Suzhou, 215400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Umut Ocak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Zachary D Travis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Wenna Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen S, Peng J, Sherchan P, Ma Y, Xiang S, Yan F, Zhao H, Jiang Y, Wang N, Zhang JH, Zhang H. TREM2 activation attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:168. [PMID: 32466767 PMCID: PMC7257134 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is an important host defense response to secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confers strong neuroprotective effects by attenuating neuroinflammation in experimental ischemic stroke. Recent studies suggest that apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a novel, high-affinity ligand of TREM2. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TREM2 activation on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in a mouse model of ICH. METHODS Adult male CD1 mice (n = 216) were subjected to intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase. The TREM2 ligand, apoE-mimetic peptide COG1410 was administered intranasally at 1 h after ICH induction. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, TREM2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 were administered intracerebroventricularly prior to COG1410 treatment. Neurobehavioral tests, brain water content, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and Fluoro-Jade C- and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining were performed. RESULTS Endogenous TREM2 expression was increased and peaked at 24 h after ICH. TREM2 was expressed on microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. COG1410 improved both short-term and long-term neurological functions, reduced brain edema, inhibited microglia/macrophage activation and neutrophil infiltration, and suppressed neuronal apoptotic cell death in perihematomal areas after ICH. Knockdown of endogenous TREM2 by TREM2 siRNA aggravated neurological deficits and decreased the expression of TREM2 in naïve and ICH mice. COG1410 was associated with upregulation of TREM2, PI3K, phosphorylated-Akt, and Bcl-2 and downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and Bax after ICH. The neuroprotective effects of COG1410 were abolished by both TREM2 siRNA and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSIONS Our finding demonstrated that TREM2 activation improved neurological functions and attenuated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after ICH, which was, at least in part, mediated by activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, activation of TREM2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of ICH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengpan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Sishi Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang L, Guo K, Yin S, Peng J, Pang J, Ma N, Zhang X, Xie Y, Chen L, Jiang Y. RNA-Seq Reveals Underlying Transcriptomic Mechanisms of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Regulation of Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:562-573. [PMID: 31918626 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shigang Yin
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuke Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurosurgery Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhou Y, Shao A, Yao Y, Tu S, Deng Y, Zhang J. Dual roles of astrocytes in plasticity and reconstruction after traumatic brain injury. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:62. [PMID: 32293472 PMCID: PMC7158016 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of fatality and disability worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, effective treatment strategies for TBI are limited. Traumatic brain injury induces structural and functional alterations of astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain. As a way of coping with the trauma, astrocytes respond in diverse mechanisms that result in reactive astrogliosis. Astrocytes are involved in the physiopathologic mechanisms of TBI in an extensive and sophisticated manner. Notably, astrocytes have dual roles in TBI, and some astrocyte-derived factors have double and opposite properties. Thus, the suppression or promotion of reactive astrogliosis does not have a substantial curative effect. In contrast, selective stimulation of the beneficial astrocyte-derived molecules and simultaneous attenuation of the deleterious factors based on the spatiotemporal-environment can provide a promising astrocyte-targeting therapeutic strategy. In the current review, we describe for the first time the specific dual roles of astrocytes in neuronal plasticity and reconstruction, including neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, angiogenesis, repair of the blood-brain barrier, and glial scar formation after TBI. We have also classified astrocyte-derived factors depending on their neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles to design more appropriate targeted therapies. Video Abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Province, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Province, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
James ML, Komisarow JM, Wang H, Laskowitz DT. Therapeutic Development of Apolipoprotein E Mimetics for Acute Brain Injury: Augmenting Endogenous Responses to Reduce Secondary Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:475-483. [PMID: 32318912 PMCID: PMC7283431 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, increasing evidence demonstrates that the neuroinflammatory response is a double-edged sword. Although overly robust inflammatory responses may exacerbate secondary tissue injury, inflammatory processes are ultimately necessary for recovery. Traditional drug discovery often relies on reductionist approaches to isolate and modulate specific intracellular pathways believed to be involved in disease pathology. However, endogenous brain proteins are often pleiotropic in order to regulate neuroinflammation and recovery mechanisms. Thus, a process of "backward translation" aims to harness the adaptive properties of endogenous proteins to promote earlier and greater recovery after acute brain injury. One such endogenous protein is apolipoprotein E (apoE), the primary apolipoprotein produced in the brain. Robust preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates that endogenous apoE produced within the brain modulates the neuroinflammatory response of the acutely injured brain. Thus, one innovative approach to improve outcomes following acute brain injury is administration of exogenous apoE-mimetic drugs optimized to cross the blood-brain barrier. In particular, one promising apoE mimetic peptide, CN-105, has demonstrated efficacy across a wide variety of preclinical models of brain injury and safety and feasibility in early-phase clinical trials. Preclinical and clinical evidence for apoE's neuroprotective effects and downregulation of neuroinflammatory and the resulting translational therapeutic development strategy for an apoE-based therapeutic are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L James
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jordan M Komisarow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Haichen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xiong L, Sun L, Zhang Y, Peng J, Yan J, Liu X. Exosomes from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Alleviate Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Through miRNA129-5p-HMGB1 Pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:212-221. [PMID: 31801411 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|