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Yao L, Cong R, Ji C, Zhou X, Luan J, Meng X, Song N. RNA-Binding Proteins Play an Important Role in the Prognosis of Patients With Testicular Germ Cell Tumor. Front Genet 2021; 12:610291. [PMID: 33777092 PMCID: PMC7990889 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.610291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are common urological neoplasms in young adult males. The outcome of TGCT depends on pathologic type and tumor stage. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) influence numerous cancers via post-transcriptional regulation. The prognostic importance of RBPs in TGCT has not been fully investigated. In this study, we set up a prognostic risk model of TGCT using six significantly differentially expressed RBPs, namely, TRMT61A, POLR2J, DIS3L2, IFIH1, IGHMBP2, and NPM2. The expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression datasets. We observed by performing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses that in the training cohort, the expression of six RBPs was correlated with disease-free survival in patients with TGCT. We assessed the specificity and sensitivity of 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival status prediction using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and successfully validated using the test cohorts, the entire TCGA cohort, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and gene set enrichment analyses were carried out to seek the possible signaling pathways related with risk score. We also examined the association between the model based on six RBPs and different clinical characteristics. A nomogram was established for TGCT recurrence prediction. Consensus clustering analysis was carried out to identify the clusters of TGCT with different clinical outcomes. Ultimately, external validations of the six-gene risk score were performed by using the GSE3218 and GSE10783 datasets downloaded from the GEO database. In general, our study constructed a prognostic model based on six RBPs, which could serve as independent risk factor in TGCT, especially in seminoma, and might have brilliant clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Cong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengjian Ji
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaochen Luan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, The Affiliated Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Artux, China
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Hanikoglu A, Ozben H, Hanikoglu F, Ozben T. Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2118-2132. [PMID: 30027838 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180719145819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Hanikoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ozben
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Hanikoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
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Mao Z, Yang X, Mizutani S, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Shinmori H, Gao K, Yao J. Hydrogen Sulfide Mediates Tumor Cell Resistance to Thioredoxin Inhibitor. Front Oncol 2020; 10:252. [PMID: 32219063 PMCID: PMC7078679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a pro-oncogenic molecule that underlies tumor initiation, progression and chemo-resistance. PX-12, a Trx inhibitor, has been used to treat certain tumors. Currently, factors predicting tumor sensitivity to PX-12 are unclear. Given that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous bio-mediator, promotes Trx activity, we speculated that it might affect tumor response to PX-12. Here, we tested this possibility. Exposure of several different types of tumor cells to PX-12 caused cell death, which was reversely correlated with the levels of H2S-synthesizing enzyme CSE and endogenous H2S. Inhibition of CSE sensitized tumor cells to PX-12, whereas addition of exogenous H2S elevated PX-12 resistance. Further experiments showed that H2S abolished PX-12-mediated inhibition on Trx. Mechanistic analyses revealed that H2S stimulated Trx activity. It promoted Trx from the oxidized to the reduced state. In addition, H2S directly cleaved the disulfide bond in PX-12, causing PX-12 deactivation. Additional studies found that, besides Trx, PX-12 also interacted with the thiol residues of other proteins. Intriguingly, H2S-mediated cell resistance to PX-12 could also be achieved through promotion of the thiol activity of these proteins. Addition of H2S-modified protein into culture significantly enhanced cell resistance to PX-12, whereas blockade of extracellular sulfhydryl residues sensitized cells to PX-12. Collectively, our study revealed that H2S mediated tumor cell resistance to PX-12 through multiple mechanisms involving induction of thiol activity in multiple proteins and direct inactivation of PX-12. H2S could be used to predict tumor response to PX-12 and could be targeted to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PX-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Mao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiawen Yang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Sayumi Mizutani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yanru Huang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shinmori
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Kun Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of the Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
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Aguilera G, Colín-González AL, Rangel-López E, Chavarría A, Santamaría A. Redox Signaling, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1626-1651. [PMID: 28467722 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is part of the defense system that mostly microglia and macrophages display to induce normal signaling to counteract the deleterious actions of invading pathogens in the brain. Also, redox activity in the central nervous system (CNS) constitutes an integral part of the metabolic processes needed by cells to exert their normal molecular and biochemical functions. Under normal conditions, the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and the following oxidative activity encounter a healthy balance with immunological responses to preserve cell functions in the brain. However, under different pathological conditions, inflammatory responses recruit pro-oxidant signals and vice versa. The aim of this article is to review the basic concepts about the triggering of inflammatory and oxidative responses in the CNS. Recent Advances: Diverse concurrent toxic pathways are described to provide a solid mechanistic scope for considering intervention at the experimental and clinical levels that are aimed at diminishing the harmful actions of these two contributing factors to nerve cell damage. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The main conclusion supports the existence of a narrow cross-talk between pro-inflammatory and oxidative signals that can lead to neuronal damage and subsequent neurodegeneration. Further investigation about critical pathways crosslinking oxidative stress and inflammation will strength our knowlegde on this topic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1626-1651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Aguilera
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Colín-González
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Rangel-López
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- 2 Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abel Santamaría
- 1 Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , Mexico City, Mexico
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Gouda MM, Bhandary YP. Curcumin down-regulates IL-17A mediated p53-fibrinolytic system in bleomycin induced acute lung injury in vivo. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7285-7299. [PMID: 29775223 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) induced cellular damage causes inflammation in the alveolar compartment and impairment of fibrinolytic system leads to alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis. Here, we describe novel inflammatory pathway associated with p53-fibrinolytic system and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells and pharmacological efficiency of curcumin against this action. In the present study we used C57BL/6 mice. The specific dose and time interval of curcumin were analyzed to assess the intervention. Experiments were designed to investigate the IL-17A mediated modulation in the alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and injury. Various techniques such as Western blot, RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry were used for this study. We observed that the BLM-induced lung injury and its progression were successfully regulated by the effective dose and time intervention of curcumin. There was also decreased expression of chemokines, p53, and fibrinolytic components such as PAI-1 and increased uPA, uPAR expression, and decreased alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, which indicates the IL-17A mediated novel inflammatory pathway. It is confirmed that the IL-17A involved in the modulation of p53-fibrinolytic system and epithelial cell apoptosis in BLM induced mice. The cross-talk between the inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and apoptotic pathways were resolved by curcumin intervention. This pathway and intervention could serve as a modern therapy to resolve the complications to cure the lung injury and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Gouda
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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6
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Deng H, Kuang P, Cui H, Luo Q, Liu H, Lu Y, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in mouse splenocytes by activating ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114428-114441. [PMID: 29383091 PMCID: PMC5777703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in sodium fluoride-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse splenocytes. Intragastric administration of 12, 24 or 48 mg/kg sodium fluoride resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in mouse splenocytes on days 21 and 42. High ROS levels correlated with increased levels of phosphorylated IκB kinase and NF-κB p65 and decreased levels of inhibitory kappa B protein in splenocytes from mice treated with sodium fluoride. Moreover, splenocytes from sodium fluoride-treated mice showed high expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bim, Bax, Bak, caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and low expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins BcL-2 and BcL-xL. These results show that sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in mouse splenocytes by enhancing ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujiao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
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Ivanova D, Zhelev Z, Aoki I, Bakalova R, Higashi T. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species - obligatory or not for induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:383-96. [PMID: 27647966 PMCID: PMC5018533 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies demonstrate that conventional anticancer drugs elevate intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alter redox-homeostasis of cancer cells. It is widely accepted that anticancer effect of these chemotherapeutics is due to induction of oxidative stress and ROS-mediated apoptosis in cancer. On the other hand, the harmful side effects of conventional anticancer chemotherapy are also due to increased production of ROS and disruption of redox-homeostasis of normal cells and tissues. This article describes the mechanisms for triggering and modulation of apoptosis through ROS-dependent and ROS-independent pathways. We try to answer the question: "Is it possible to induce highly specific apoptosis only in cancer cells, without overproduction of ROS, as well as without harmful effects on normal cells and tissues?" The review also suggests a new therapeutic strategy for selective killing of cancer cells, without significant impact on viability of normal cells and tissues, by combining anticancer drugs with redox-modulators, affecting specific signaling pathways and avoiding oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donika Ivanova
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Zhivko Zhelev
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria; Institute of Biophysics & Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Rumiana Bakalova
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Medical Faculty, Sofia University, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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8
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Cort A, Ozben T, Melchiorre M, Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Sansone A. Effects of bleomycin and antioxidants on the fatty acid profile of testicular cancer cell membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:434-41. [PMID: 26656160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin is used in chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of patients having testicular germ-cell tumor (TGCT). There is no study in the literature investigating the effects of bleomycin on membrane lipid profile in testicular cancer cells. We investigated membrane fatty acid (FA) profiles isolated, derivatized and analyzed by gas chromatography of NTera-2 testicular cancer cells incubated with bleomycin (Bleo) for 24 h in the absence and presence of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC) and curcumin (Cur) as commonly used antioxidant adjuvants. At the same time the MAPK pathway and EGFR levels were followed up. Bleomycin treatment increased significantly saturated fatty acids (SFA) of phospholipids at the expense of monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Bleomycin also led to a significant increase in the trans lipid isomers of oleic and arachidonic acids due to its free radical producing effect. Incubation with bleomycin increased the p38 MAPK and JNK levels and downregulated EGFR pathway. Coincubation of bleomycin with NAC reversed effects caused by bleomycin. Our results highlight the important role of membrane fatty acid remodeling occurring during the use of bleomycin and its concurrent use with antioxidants which can adjuvate the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cort
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey; Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy; Akdeniz University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - T Ozben
- Akdeniz University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - M Melchiorre
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Chatgilialoglu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - C Ferreri
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Sansone
- Institute for the Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
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Dai M, Liu Y, Nie X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ben J, Zhang S, Yang X, Sang A. Expression of RBMX in the light-induced damage of rat retina in vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:463-71. [PMID: 25407628 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding motif protein, X-linked (RBMX) is a 43 kDa nuclear protein in the RBM family and functions on alternative splicing of RNA. The gene encoding RBMX is located on chromosome Xq26. To investigate whether RBMX is involved in retinal neuron apoptosis, we performed a light-induced retinal damage model in adult rats. Western blotting analysis showed RBMX gradually increased, reached a peak at 12 h and then declined during the following days. The association of RBMX in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with light exposure was found by immunofluorescence staining. The injury-induced expression of RBMX was detected in active caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells. We also examined the expression profiles of active caspase-3, bcl-2 and Bax, whose changes were correlated with the expression profiles of RBMX. To summarize, we uncovered the dynamic changes of RBMX in the light-induced retinal damage model for the first time. RBMX might play a significant role in the degenerative process of RGCs after light-induced damage in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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10
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Sodium fluoride induces apoptosis in the kidney of rats through caspase-mediated pathways and DNA damage. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:857-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Spatiotemporal pattern of TRAF3 expression after rat spinal cord injury. J Mol Histol 2014; 45:541-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhang S, Nie S, Huang D, Feng Y, Xie M. A novel polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum exerts antitumor activity by activating mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway and boosting the immune system. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1581-1589. [PMID: 24506418 DOI: 10.1021/jf4053012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma is a precious health-care edible medicinal fungus in China. A novel Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) is the main bioactive component. We investigated the antitumor effect and molecular mechanisms of PSG-1. It exhibited no significant effect on cell proliferation directly. In contrast, administration of PSG-1 markedly suppressed tumor growth in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. It was observed that PSG-1 caused apoptosis in CT26 cells. Apoptosis was associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, enhancement of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and intracellular ROS production, elevation of p53 and Bax expression, downregulation of Bcl-2, and the activation of caspase-9 and -3. Moreover, PSG-1 enhanced immune organ index and promoted lymphocyte proliferation as well as cytokine levels in serum. Taken together, our data indicate that PSG-1 has potential antitumor activity in vivo by inducing apoptosis via mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway and enhances host immune system function. Therefore, PSG-1 could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenshen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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13
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Wang Q, Cui K, Espin-Garcia O, Cheng D, Qiu X, Chen Z, Moore M, Bristow RG, Xu W, Der S, Liu G. Resistance to bleomycin in cancer cell lines is characterized by prolonged doubling time, reduced DNA damage and evasion of G2/M arrest and apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82363. [PMID: 24349265 PMCID: PMC3857806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To establish, characterize and elucidate potential mechanisms of acquired bleomycin (BLM) resistance using human cancer cell lines. Seven BLM-resistant cell lines were established by exposure to escalating BLM concentrations over a period of 16-24 months. IC50 values and cell doubling times were quantified using a real time cytotoxicity assay. COMET and γ-H2AX assays, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis assessment further investigated the mechanisms of BLM resistance in these cell lines. Results Compared with parental cell lines, real time cytotoxicity assays revealed 7 to 49 fold increases in IC50 and a mean doubling time increase of 147 % (range 64 %-352%) in BLM-resistant sub-clones (p<0.05 for both). Higher maintenance BLM concentrations were associated with higher IC50 and increased doubling times (p<0.05). Significantly reduced DNA damage (COMET and γ-H2AX assays), G2/M arrest, and apoptosis (p<0.05 for each set of comparison) following high-dose acute BLM exposure was observed in resistant sub-clones, compared with their BLM-sensitive parental counterparts. Three weeks of BLM-free culturing resulted in a partial return to BLM sensitivity in 3/7 BLM-resistant sub-clones (p<0.05). Conclusion Bleomycin resistance may be associated with reduced DNA damage after bleomycin exposure, resulting in reduced G2/M arrest, and reduced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kangping Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dangxiao Cheng
- Department of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoping Qiu
- Institute of Virology, Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malcolm Moore
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert G. Bristow
- Department of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandy Der
- Department of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Kucuksayan E, Cort A, Timur M, Ozdemir E, Yucel SG, Ozben T. N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibits bleomycin induced apoptosis in malignant testicular germ cell tumors. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1685-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Up-regulation of Smurf1 after spinal cord injury in adult rats. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:381-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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