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Meghana R, Anand PP, Vardhanan YS. Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa 2023; 5306:61-96. [PMID: 37518535 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Host- and habitat-induced morphological shape and size variations are common in phytophagous and parasitic taxa. Several integrated morphological and molecular techniques have been commonly used to understand host-induced morpho-cryptic species forms. Compared to other arthropods, cryptic speciation was more common in Acari. This study focused on the host-specific morphological cryptic shape and size variations of Tetranychus neocaledonicus, collected from moringa and cassava hosts. We used geometric morphometric analysis to uncover the shape and size of inter-and intra-spider mite populations, and discovered that host-specific shape and size variations existed in spider mites regardless of sex. Interestingly, there was no phylogenetic signal in spider mites, implying that the morpho-cryptic speciation of T. neocaledonicus is solely based on the host-induced selection. The molecular clock hypothesis was accepted in our CO1 and 18s rRNA phylogeny analyses, and spider mites collected from both hosts were genetically less diverse. We conclude that T. neocaledonicus exhibited morphologically detectable cryptic population diversity in each host but that these populations are evolutionarily young form. Apart from these host-induced variations, we also monitored the impact of the clearing agent (lactic acid) on the shape and size of T. neocaledonicus; from this study, we proved that the clearing agent significantly alters the taxonomically important morphological traits of spider mites irrespective of the mites' sex, as confirmed by multivariate statistical analysis. This is the first study report to investigated the host-induced morphological variations of spider mites and the impact of a clearing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Meghana
- Biochemistry & Toxicology Division; Department of Zoology; University of Calicut; Kerala; India.
| | - P P Anand
- Biochemistry & Toxicology Division; Department of Zoology; University of Calicut; Kerala; India.
| | - Y Shibu Vardhanan
- Biochemistry & Toxicology Division; Department of Zoology; University of Calicut; Kerala; India.
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Gayathri M, Anand PP, Shibu Vardhanan Y. Wing size, shape, and asymmetry analysis of the wandering glider, Pantala flavescens (Odonata: Libellulidae) revealed that hindwings are more asymmetric than the forewings. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Anand PP, Seena S, Girish Kumar P, Shibu Vardhanan Y. Species morphospace boundary revisited through wing phenotypic variations of Antodynerus species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from the Indian subcontinent. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.965577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the taxonomic significance of wing phenotypic variations (size and shape) for classifying potter wasps. This is the first study investigating the wing size and shape variations, as well as wing asymmetry, sexual dimorphism, wing integration, and phylogenetic signal analysis of all known Antodynerus species from the Indian subcontinent: A. flavescens, A. limbatus, and A. punctatipennis. We used forewings and hindwings for geometric morphometric analysis, and we proved that each species’ wing had unique size and shape variations, as well as significant right–left wing asymmetry and sexual dimorphism across the Antodynerus species, as verified by discriminant function analysis. Wings of Vespidae are longitudinally folded; based on that, we tested two alternative wing modular hypotheses for evaluating the wing integration, using two subsets organization, such as anterior–posterior (AP) and proximal-distal (PD) wing modular organization. We proved that Antodynerus species wings are highly integrated units (RV > 0.5), and we rejected our hypothesis at p < 0.05. The morphospace distribution analysis revealed that each species has its unique morphospace boundary, although they share some level of homoplasy, which suggests to us that we can use wing morphometric traits for Antodynerus species delimitation. In addition, we revealed the phylogenetic signal of Antodynerus species. Surprisingly, we found a shape-related phylogenetic signal in the forewing, and there is no significant (p > 0.05) phylogenetic signal in forewing size, hindwing shape, and size. We observed that the Antodynerus species’ forewing shape is evolutionarily more highly constrained than the hindwing. We found that A. limbatus and A. flavescens with distinct geographical distribution share a similar evolutionary history, while A. punctatipennis evolved independently.
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Classifying fossil Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with geometric morphometrics of fore wings. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275570. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Linking fossil species to the extant diversity is often a difficult task, and the correct interpretation of character evidence is crucial for assessing their taxonomic placement. Here, we make use of geometric morphometrics of fore wings to help classify five fossil Darwin wasps from the Early Eocene Fur Formation in Denmark into subfamilies and often tribes. We compile a reference dataset with 342 fore wings of nine extant subfamilies and nine relevant fossil species. Since geometric morphometrics was mostly ignored in the past in Darwin wasp classification, the dataset is first used to examine differences and similarities in wing venation among subfamilies. In a next step, we used the reference dataset to inform the classification of the fossil species, which resulted in the description of one new genus and five new species, Crusopimpla weltii sp. nov., Ebriosa flava gen. et sp. nov., Entypoma? duergari sp. nov., Lathrolestes? zlatorog sp. nov., and Triclistus bibori sp. nov., in four different subfamilies. Carefully assessing data quality, we show that the fore wing venation of fossil Darwin wasps is surprisingly suitable to assign them to a subfamily or even lower taxonomic level, especially when used in conjunction with characters from other parts of the body to narrow down a candidate set of potential subfamilies and tribes. Our results not only demonstrate a fast and useful approach to inform fossil classification but provide a basis for future investigations into evolutionary changes in fore wings of ichneumonids. The high informativeness of wing venation for classification furthermore could be harvested for phylogenetic analyses, which are otherwise often hampered by homoplasy in this parasitoid wasp family.
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Čkrkić J, Kocić K, Plećaš M, Petrović A, Tomanović Ž. Diaeretellus nymphaealis sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) – a new member of aphid parasitoid guilds associated with wetland habitats, with a key for identification of Diaeretellus species. J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2086501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelisaveta Čkrkić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Korana Kocić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Plećaš
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjeljko Petrović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Tomanović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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Detection of geographical specific plasticity and the effect of natural selection pressure on the wing size and shape of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Hosseini F, Lotfalizadeh H, Rakhshani E, Norouzi M, Butterworth NJ, Dadpour M. Significance of wing interference patterns as taxonomic characters in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Hosseini
- Plant Protection Research Department East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Center AREEO Tabriz Iran
| | - Hossein Lotfalizadeh
- Plant Protection Research Department East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research & Education Center AREEO Tabriz Iran
| | - Ehsan Rakhshani
- Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture University of Zabol Zabol Iran
| | - Majid Norouzi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Dadpour
- Department of Horticultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
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Havelka J, Kaliuzhna M, Danilov J, Rakauskas R. Pauesia species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking Eulachnini aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) on coniferous plants in Lithuania: ecological and mitochondrial COI diversity. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mitrovski-Bogdanović A, Mitrović M, Milošević MI, Žikić V, Jamhour A, Ivanović A, Tomanović Ž. Molecular and morphological variation among the European species of the genus Aphidius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lazarević M, Stanković SS, Petrović A, Ilić Milošević M, Tomanović Ž, Ivanović A, Žikić V. Comparative morphometric analysis of petioles and forewings of the European Binodoxys Mackauer species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kocić K, Petrović A, Čkrkić J, Mitrović M, Željko Tomanović. Phylogenetic relationships and subgeneric classification of European Ephedrus species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Zookeys 2019; 878:1-22. [PMID: 31632174 PMCID: PMC6791897 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.878.38408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study two molecular markers were used to establish taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Ephedrus subgenera and species distributed in Europe. Fifteen of the nineteen currently known species have been analysed, representing three subgenera: Breviephedrus Gärdenfors, 1986, Lysephedrus Starý, 1958 and Ephedrus Haliday, 1833. The results of analysis of COI and EF1α molecular markers and morphological studies did not support this classification. Three clades separated by the highest genetic distances reported for the subfamily Aphidiinae on intrageneric level. Ephedrusbrevis is separated from persicae and plagiator species groups with genetic distances of 19.6 % and 16.3 % respectively, while the distance between persicae and plagiator groups was 20.7 %. These results lead to the conclusion that the traditional subgeneric classification of Ephedrus needs revision. Species from persicae species group are raised to subgenus level as Fovephedrus Chen, 1986 and Lysephedrussyn. nov. is assigned as a junior synonym of subgenusEphedrus. Key for identification of Ephedrus subgenera is provided. Ephedrushyadaphidis Kocić & Tomanović sp. nov. is described and several species are confirmed as valid species for the first time. Furthermore, two species are synonymised: E.dysaphidissyn. nov. as a junior synonym of E.cerasicola and E.blattnyisyn. nov. as a junior synonym of E.plagiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korana Kocić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjeljko Petrović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelisaveta Čkrkić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milana Mitrović
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Department of Plant Pests, Banatska 33, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Tomanović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Pereira-da-Conceicoa LL, Benítez HA, Barber-James HM. Disentangling wing shape evolution in the African mayfly, Teloganodidae (Ephemeroptera). ZOOL ANZ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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