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Lago-Barcia D, Silva MS, Carbayo F. Revision and description of six species of Choeradoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida), with an emendation to the genus. Zookeys 2021; 1016:1-48. [PMID: 33628077 PMCID: PMC7892534 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Living representatives of the Neotropical genus Choeradoplana Graff, 1896 (Geoplaninae, Tricladida, Platyhelminthes) are easily recognized by the typical shape of the head which is laterally expanded, rolled-up, and ventrally provided with two glandular cushions. In this study, the morphology and phylogeny (cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene) of several species of land planarians are taxonomically investigated. Four of the six species studied are new to science, namely: Ch. eudoxiae Silva & Carbayo, sp. nov., Ch. claudioi Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, sp. nov., Ch. onae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, sp. nov., and Ch. riutortae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, sp. nov. The species Choeradoplana albonigra and Ch. eudoxiae deviate from the usual body shape pattern in that the head does not present lateral expansions nor glandular cushions, becoming indistinguishable from its sister genus Cephaloflexa. Pseudogeoplana tristriata (Schultze & Müller, 1857) is also redescribed from a newly collected specimen and was discovered to be a member of Choeradoplana. Graff (1899) also studied another specimen that was considered to be conspecific with P. tristriata; however, in this new it is concluded that it is not conspecific but rather a new species. The name Pseudogeoplana aevipandemiae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, sp. nov. is suggested for Graff's specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Lago-Barcia
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Tv. 14, 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marcos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Carbayo
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Arlindo Bettio, 1000, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Rua do Matão, Tv. 14, 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Taxonomia Animal e Biodiversidade, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Iturralde GG, Allgayer H, Valiati VH, Leal-Zanchet AM. Seeing the true colours: three new species of Obama (Platyhelminthes:Continenticola) from remnants of Atlantic forest in southern Brazil based on an integrative approach. INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Obama Carbayo, Álvarez-Presas, Olivares, Marques, Froehlich & Riutort, 2013 currently comprises 41 species, most of them from Brazilian rainforests. This study describes three new species, viz. Obama autumna sp. nov., Obama leticiae sp. nov. and Obama aureolineata sp. nov., from remnants of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in southern Brazil, based on an integrative approach and analyses their relationships within the genus. Obama autumna and O. aureolineata show distinctive colour patterns, contrasting yellow and black, which is unusual in species of the genus. The three species can be easily distinguished from their congeners by their external features and a combination of anatomical characteristics, such as the pharyngeal shape, shape and arrangement of the prostatic vesicle and anatomy of the penis papilla. The morphological hypotheses are corroborated by three species delimitation methods (ABGD, PTP and GMYC) and by phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene using maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian inference. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analyses point out that Obama may be subdivided into three main clades, containing a variable number of well supported groups, the relationships of which remain unresolved. Obama autumna belongs to a distinct clade in relation to O. aureolineata and O. leticiae. Obama aureolineata belongs to one of the well supported groups, having a close relationship with O. apeva. Obama autumna may be more closely related to O. anthropophila and O. decidualis and O. leticiae to O. braunsi. However, the low nodal support does not allow the phylogenetic relationships of these species to be clearly established. We discuss morphological knowledge gaps in Obama, as well as issues regarding analyses based on molecular markers, which should be addressed to clarify relationships within the genus.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9EE7316D-F0BE-49EC-BBFD-5687952D6592
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Araujo APG, Carbayo F, Riutort M, Álvarez-Presas M. Five new pseudocryptic land planarian species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) unveiled through integrative taxonomy. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9726. [PMID: 32983634 PMCID: PMC7491415 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cratera is a genus of land planarians endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The species of this genus are distinguished from each other by a series of external and internal characters, nonetheless they represent a challenging taxonomic issue due to the extreme alikeness of the species analysed in the present work. To resolve these difficulties, we have performed morphological analyses and used three nuclear markers (ribosomal 18S and 28S, Elongation Factor, a new anonymous marker named Tnuc813) and two mitochondrial fragments (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, and a fragment encompasing NADH deshydrogenase subunit 4 gene, trnF and the beginning of the Cytochrome c oxidase I gene) in an integrative taxonomic study. Methods To unveil cryptic species, we applied a molecular species delimitation approach based on molecular discovery methods, followed by a validation method. The putative species so delimited were then validated on the basis of diagnostic morphological features. Results We discovered and described four new species, namely Cratera assu, C. tui, C. boja, and C. imbiri. A fifth new species, C. paraitinga was not highly supported by molecular evidence, but was described because its morphological attributes are unique. Our study documents for the genus Cratera the presence of a number of highly similar species, a situation that is present also in other genera of land planarians. The high number of poorly differentiated and presumably recent speciation events might be explained by the recent geological history of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Goulart Araujo
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Carbayo
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Riutort
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Álvarez-Presas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Negrete L, Do Amaral SV, Ribeiro GG, Wolmann Gonçalves J, Valiati VH, Damborenea C, Brusa F, Leal-Zanchet AM. Far away, so close! Integrative taxonomy reveals a new genus and species of land flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) from southern South America. Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Land flatworms usually show low ability to disperse and high endemicity, displaying many singletons in studies on land planarian assemblages. Thus, many species have been described based on specimens sampled in a single locality and/or on a few specimens. Based on phylogenetic analyses of concatenated COI and 18S rRNA genes and morphological analyses, a new genus and species of geoplaninid land planarian is described from central–east Argentina and southern Brazil. Winsoria gen. nov. shows, among its most outstanding features, a ventral cephalic retractor muscle and a subneural muscle layer that extends throughout the anterior region of the body. In addition, characters of the reproductive system and the phylogenetic analyses support the erection of this new genus. According to molecular phylogenies,Winsoria bipatria sp. nov. is closely related to species of Luteostriata, Supramontana and Issoca, taxa that also possess a cephalic retractor muscle. Despite its disjunct distribution, phylogenetic analyses, genetic divergence and morphological features show that the allopatric populations studied herein belong to a single species. We argue that the occurrence of W. bipatria in localities separated by hundreds of kilometres and a geographical barrier should be explained by passive dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Negrete
- División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP), Boulevard 120 & 61, B1900CHX, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Vargas Do Amaral
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Planárias and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, 93022-750, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovana Gamino Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, 93022-750, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Wolmann Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, 93022-750, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Valiati
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, 93022-750, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Damborenea
- División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP), Boulevard 120 & 61, B1900CHX, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Brusa
- División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP), Boulevard 120 & 61, B1900CHX, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Planárias and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS, 93022-750, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Phylogenetic relationships within the flatworm genus Matuxia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) inferred from molecular data with the description of a southern lineage of the genus. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-019-00410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Turralde GG, Leal-Zanchet A. Why be original? Two new species of Choeradoplana resembling the type species of the genus in their external aspects (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola). Zookeys 2019:1-19. [PMID: 30647523 PMCID: PMC6331516 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.813.29565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Choeradoplana Graff, 1896 encompasses 16 species, most of them found in Brazil. Herein two new species of this genus are described from remnants of Araucaria moist forests, located in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, south Brazil. Both species resemble the type-species of the genus, C.iheringi, showing brownish dorsal surface covered by dark-brown flecks. However, regarding their anatomy, the new species differ from C.iheringi and other congeners by a long and horizontal disposed permanent papilla. In such aspects, both species resemble C.benyai, but differ from this species, as well as from each other, in details of the prostatic vesicle, ejaculatory duct, and penis papilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuly Gouvêa Turralde
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Planárias and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 93022-750 São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos São Leopoldo Brazil
| | - Ana Leal-Zanchet
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Planárias and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 93022-750 São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos São Leopoldo Brazil
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