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Lettini G, Pietrafesa M, Lepore S, Maddalena F, Crispo F, Sgambato A, Esposito F, Landriscina M. Heat shock proteins in thyroid malignancies: Potential therapeutic targets for poorly-differentiated and anaplastic tumours? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110676. [PMID: 31812782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with well-differentiated subtypes characterized by an excellent prognosis due to their optimal sensitivity to standard therapies whereas poorly differentiated and anaplastic tumours by chemo/radio-resistance and unfavourable outcome. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones overexpressed in thyroid malignancies and involved in crucial functions responsible for thyroid carcinogenesis, as protection from apoptosis, drug resistance and cell migration. Thus, HSPs inhibitors have been proposed as novel therapeutic agents in thyroid cancer to revert molecular mechanisms of tumour progression. In this review, we report an overview on the biological role of HSPs, and specifically HSP90s, in thyroid cancer and their potential involvement as biomarkers. We discuss the rationale to evaluate HSPs inhibitors as innovative anticancer agents in specific subtypes of thyroid cancer characterized by poor response to therapies with the objective to target single family chaperones to reduce, simultaneously, the expression/stability of multiple client proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lettini
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Michele Pietrafesa
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Silvia Lepore
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Francesca Maddalena
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Fabiana Crispo
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Franca Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Lakshmanan A, Scarberry D, Green JA, Zhang X, Selmi-Ruby S, Jhiang SM. Modulation of thyroidal radioiodide uptake by oncological pipeline inhibitors and Apigenin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31792-804. [PMID: 26397139 PMCID: PMC4741640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer is based on selective stimulation of Na+/I- Symporter (NIS)-mediated radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) in thyroid cells by thyrotropin. Patients with advanced thyroid cancer do not benefit from radioiodine therapy due to reduced or absent NIS expression. To identify inhibitors that can be readily translated into clinical care, we examined oncological pipeline inhibitors targeting Akt, MEK, PI3K, Hsp90 or BRAF in their ability to increase RAIU in thyroid cells expressing BRAFV600E or RET/PTC3 oncogene. Our data showed that (1) PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 outperformed other inhibitors in RAIU increase mainly by decreasing iodide efflux rate to a great extent; (2) RAIU increase by all inhibitors was extensively reduced by TGF-β, a cytokine secreted in the invasive fronts of thyroid cancers; (3) RAIU reduction by TGF-β was mainly mediated by NIS reduction and could be reversed by Apigenin, a plant-derived flavonoid; and (4) In the presence of TGF-β, GDC-0941 with Apigenin co-treatment had the highest RAIU level in both BRAFV600E expressing cells and RET/PTC3 expressing cells. Taken together, Apigenin may serve as a dietary supplement along with small molecule inhibitors to improve radioiodine therapeutic efficacy on invasive tumor margins thereby minimizing future metastatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Lakshmanan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Daniel Scarberry
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Jill A Green
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
| | - Samia Selmi-Ruby
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de LYON (CRCL)-UMR 1052-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de LYON, F-69372, France
| | - Sissy M Jhiang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH-43210, USA
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Kim YH, Youn H, Na J, Hong KJ, Kang KW, Lee DS, Chung JK. Codon-optimized human sodium iodide symporter (opt-hNIS) as a sensitive reporter and efficient therapeutic gene. Theranostics 2015; 5:86-96. [PMID: 25553100 PMCID: PMC4265750 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate a more efficient in vivo reporter and therapeutic gene, we optimized the coding sequence of the human sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene by replacing NIS DNA codons from wild type to new codons having the highest usage in human gene translation. The Codon Adaptation Index (CAI), representing the number of codons effective for human expression, was much improved (0.79 for hNIS, 0.97 for opt-hNIS). Both wild-type (hNIS) and optimized human NIS (opt-hNIS) were cloned into pcDNA3.1 and pMSCV vectors for transfection. Various cancer cell lines such as thyroid (TPC-1, FRO, B-CPAP), breast (MDA-MB-231), liver (Hep3B), cervical (HeLa), and glioma (U87MG) were transfected with pcDNA3.1/hNIS or pcDNA3.1/opt-hNIS. 125I uptake by opt-hNIS-expressing cells was 1.6 ~ 2.1 times higher than uptake by wild-type hNIS-expressing cells. Stable cell lines were also established by retroviral transduction using pMSCV/hNIS or pMSCV/opt-hNIS, revealing higher NIS protein levels and 125I uptake in opt-hNIS-expressing cells than in hNIS-expressing cells. Moreover, scintigraphic images from cell plates and mouse xenografts showed stronger signals from opt-hNIS-expressing cells than hNIS-expressing cells, and radioactivity uptake by opt-hNIS-expressing tumors was 2.3-fold greater than that by hNIS-expressing tumors. To test the efficacy of radioiodine therapy, mouse xenograft models were established with cancer cells expressing hNIS or opt-hNIS. 131I treatment reduced tumor sizes of hNIS- and opt-hNIS-expressing tumors to 0.57- and 0.27- fold, respectively, compared to their sizes before therapy, suggesting an improved therapeutic effect of opt-hNIS. In summary, this study shows that codon optimization strongly increases hNIS protein levels and radioiodine uptake, thus supporting opt-hNIS as a more sensitive reporter and efficient therapeutic gene.
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Lee CM, Kwon JI, Lee TK, Lim ST, Sohn MH, Jeong HJ. Local Retention and Combination Effects of Biocompatible Doxorubicin-Loaded and Radioiodine-Labeled Microhydrogels in Cancer Therapy. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1126-1129. [PMID: 35610809 DOI: 10.1021/mz500497n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
I-131-labeled chitosan microhydrogels (I-131-CMH) that are retained at an injection site without leaking free I-131 into normal tissue can provide opportunities to improve cancer therapy. This study focuses on the development of doxorubicin-loaded I-131-CMH (Dox-I-131-CMH) for use in radiochemotherapy against cancer. The radiolabeling of I-131-CMH was found to be stable over a period of 2 weeks with no disassociation of free I-131, and Dox showed a sustained release from the CMH. When I-131-CMH were injected into the thigh muscle or tumor tissue, in vivo gamma imaging showed a retention at the injection site with no significant leakage of I-131 into other areas of normal tissue, and after an intrahepatic arterial injection, I-131-CMH were selectively retained in the liver. Dox-I-131-CMH had significant synergistic therapeutic effects of radiation and chemotherapy on mouse breast cancer models. In this regard, Dox-I-131-CMH may be a new alternative agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Moon Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kwon
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research
Center, Biomedical Research Institute for Medical Sciences, and Cyclotron
Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Kyoung Lee
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research
Center, Biomedical Research Institute for Medical Sciences, and Cyclotron
Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Tae Lim
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research
Center, Biomedical Research Institute for Medical Sciences, and Cyclotron
Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Sohn
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research
Center, Biomedical Research Institute for Medical Sciences, and Cyclotron
Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Jeong Jeong
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research
Center, Biomedical Research Institute for Medical Sciences, and Cyclotron
Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-712, Republic of Korea
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Lakshmanan A, Scarberry D, Shen DH, Jhiang SM. Modulation of sodium iodide symporter in thyroid cancer. Discov Oncol 2014; 5:363-73. [PMID: 25234361 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-014-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactive iodine (RAI) is a key therapeutic modality for thyroid cancer. Loss of RAI uptake in thyroid cancer inversely correlates with patient's survival. In this review, we focus on the challenges encountered in delivering sufficient doses of I-131 to eradicate metastatic lesions without increasing the risk of unwanted side effects. Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mediates iodide influx, and NIS expression and function can be selectively enhanced in thyroid cells by thyroid-stimulating hormone. We summarize our current knowledge of NIS modulation in normal and cancer thyroid cells, and we propose that several reagents evaluated in clinical trials for other diseases can be used to restore or further increase RAI accumulation in thyroid cancer. Once validated in preclinical mouse models and clinical trials, these reagents, mostly small-molecule inhibitors, can be readily translated into clinical practice. We review available genetically engineered mouse models of thyroid cancer in terms of their tumor development and progression as well as their thyroid function. These mice will not only provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the loss of RAI uptake in thyroid tumors but will also serve as preclinical animal models to evaluate the efficacy of candidate reagents to selectively increase RAI uptake in thyroid cancers. Taken together, we anticipate that the optimal use of RAI in the clinical management of thyroid cancer is yet to come in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Lakshmanan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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