1
|
Alaslawi H, Berrou I, Al Hamid A, Alhuwail D, Aslanpour Z. Diabetes Self-management Apps: Systematic Review of Adoption Determinants and Future Research Agenda. JMIR Diabetes 2022; 7:e28153. [PMID: 35900826 PMCID: PMC9377471 DOI: 10.2196/28153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most diabetes management involves self-management. Effective self-management of the condition improves diabetes control, reduces the risk of complications, and improves patient outcomes. Mobile apps for diabetes self-management (DSM) can enhance patients' self-management activities. However, they are only effective if clinicians recommend them, and patients use them. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the determinants of DSM apps' use by patients and their recommendations by health care professionals (HCPs). It also outlines the future research agenda for using DSM apps in diabetes care. METHODS We systematically reviewed the factors affecting the adoption of DSM apps by both patients and HCPs. Searches were performed using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, ACM, and Xplore digital libraries for articles published from 2008 to 2020. The search terms were diabetes, mobile apps, and self-management. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies and analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach. RESULTS A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. We identified a range of determinants related to patients' and HCPs' characteristics, experiences, and preferences. Young female patients were more likely to adopt DSM apps. Patients' perceptions of the benefits of apps, ease of use, and recommendations by patients and other HCPs strongly affect their intention to use DSM apps. HCPs are less likely to recommend these apps if they do not perceive their benefits and may not recommend their use if they are unaware of their existence or credibility. Young and technology-savvy HCPs were more likely to recommend DSM apps. CONCLUSIONS Despite the potential of DSM apps to improve patients' self-care activities and diabetes outcomes, HCPs and patients remain hesitant to use them. However, the COVID-19 pandemic may hasten the integration of technology into diabetes care. The use of DSM apps may become a part of the new normal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hessah Alaslawi
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Ilhem Berrou
- School of Health & Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dari Alhuwail
- Department of Information Science, College of Computing Sciences and Engineering, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Zoe Aslanpour
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng K, Wang H, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhu H, Lyu W. Perceptions of Chinese older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus about self-management mobile platform: A qualitative study. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 46:206-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
3
|
McVay MA, Cooper KB, Donahue ML, Carrera Seoane M, Shah NR, Webb F, Perri M, Jake‐Schoffman DE. Engaging primary care patients with existing online tools for weight loss: A pilot trial. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:569-584. [PMID: 36238223 PMCID: PMC9535672 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Free online tools show potential for promoting weight loss at a low cost, but there is limited evidence about how to effectively engage patients with them. To address this, a low‐dose, flexible intervention was developed that aims to enhance weight‐related discussions with primary care providers (PCPs) and engage patients with an organic (i.e., not researcher‐created) weight loss‐focused social media community and online self‐monitoring tool. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention was evaluated in a single‐arm, 12‐week pilot. Methods PCPs were recruited at two clinics, then PCP's patients with upcoming appointments were identified and recruited. Patients received an interactive online kickoff before their scheduled primary care appointment, then 8 follow‐up messages over 12 weeks via email or their electronic health record patient portal. Patients completed assessments at baseline, post‐appointment, and week 12. Primary care providers and patients completed semi‐structured interviews. Results All PCPs approached enrolled (n = 6); patient recruitment was on track to meet the study goal prior to COVID‐19 restrictions, and n = 27 patients enrolled. Patient satisfaction with the pre‐appointment kickoff was high. Twenty‐four patients reported discussing weight‐related topics at their primary care appointment and all were satisfied with the discussion. Twenty‐two patients completed 12‐week assessments. Of these, 15 reported engaging with the self‐monitoring tool and 9 with the social media community. Patient interviews revealed reasons for low social media community engagement, including perceived lack of fit. On average, patients with available data (n = 21) lost 2.4 ± 4.1% of baseline weight, and 28.6% of these patients lost ≥3% of baseline weight. Primary care providers reported high intervention satisfaction. Conclusions The intervention and trial design show potential, although additional strategies are needed to promote tool engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. McVay
- Department of Health Education & Behavior University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | - Kellie B Cooper
- Department of Health Education & Behavior University of Florida Gainesville FL
| | | | | | - Nipa R. Shah
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville FL
| | - Fern Webb
- Department of Surgery University of Florida Jacksonville FL
| | - Michael Perri
- College of Public Health and Health Professions University of Florida Gainesville
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grunberger G, Sherr J, Allende M, Blevins T, Bode B, Handelsman Y, Hellman R, Lajara R, Roberts VL, Rodbard D, Stec C, Unger J. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: The Use of Advanced Technology in the Management of Persons With Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:505-537. [PMID: 34116789 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of advanced technology in the management of persons with diabetes mellitus to clinicians, diabetes-care teams, health care professionals, and other stakeholders. METHODS The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) conducted literature searches for relevant articles published from 2012 to 2021. A task force of medical experts developed evidence-based guideline recommendations based on a review of clinical evidence, expertise, and informal consensus, according to established AACE protocol for guideline development. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes of interest included hemoglobin A1C, rates and severity of hypoglycemia, time in range, time above range, and time below range. RESULTS This guideline includes 37 evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for advanced diabetes technology and contains 357 citations that inform the evidence base. RECOMMENDATIONS Evidence-based recommendations were developed regarding the efficacy and safety of devices for the management of persons with diabetes mellitus, metrics used to aide with the assessment of advanced diabetes technology, and standards for the implementation of this technology. CONCLUSIONS Advanced diabetes technology can assist persons with diabetes to safely and effectively achieve glycemic targets, improve quality of life, add greater convenience, potentially reduce burden of care, and offer a personalized approach to self-management. Furthermore, diabetes technology can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical decision-making. Successful integration of these technologies into care requires knowledge about the functionality of devices in this rapidly changing field. This information will allow health care professionals to provide necessary education and training to persons accessing these treatments and have the required expertise to interpret data and make appropriate treatment adjustments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Sherr
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Myriam Allende
- University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Bruce Bode
- Atlanta Diabetes Associates, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Richard Hellman
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | | | - David Rodbard
- Biomedical Informatics Consultants, LLC, Potomac, Maryland
| | - Carla Stec
- American Association of Clinical Endocrinology, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Jeff Unger
- Unger Primary Care Concierge Medical Group, Rancho Cucamonga, California
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scherr S, Goering M. Is a Self-Monitoring App for Depression a Good Place for Additional Mental Health Information? Ecological Momentary Assessment of Mental Help Information Seeking among Smartphone Users. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:1004-1012. [PMID: 31025888 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1606135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mobile devices and apps offer promising opportunities for both patients and healthcare professionals, for example, to monitor and assess health status, and also to provide relevant health information. However, health information seeking within a mood-tracking app has not yet been addressed by research. To bridge this gap, the depression-related health information seeking of 6,675 users of a mood-tracking smartphone app was unobtrusively monitored. The study shows that self-monitored depressive symptoms are associated with higher depression-related information seeking within the app. Health information seeking was low in general, with differences across 12 depression-related topics (e.g., depressive thoughts, a depression diagnosis, or depression facts), but the findings are also promising as the smartphone app was shown to be a place where users can inform themselves about health topics related to the main purpose of the app. Smartphone apps would therefore seem to be a vehicle through which to provide additional health information about, for example, comorbidities, or pre- or post-interventions, even going beyond the original purposes of such mobile health (mHealth) monitoring apps.
Collapse
|
6
|
Flitcroft L, Chen WS, Meyer D. The Demographic Representativeness and Health Outcomes of Digital Health Station Users: Longitudinal Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e14977. [PMID: 32589150 PMCID: PMC7381012 DOI: 10.2196/14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital health stations offer an affordable and accessible platform for people to monitor their health; however, there is limited information regarding the demographic profile of users and the health benefits of this technology. Objective This study aimed to assess the demographic representativeness of health station users, identify the factors associated with repeat utilization of stations, and determine if the health status of repeat users changed between baseline and final health check. Methods Data from 180,442 health station users in Australia, including 8441 repeat users, were compared with 2014-2015 Australian National Health Survey (NHS) participants on key demographic and health characteristics. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to compare demographic and health characteristics of repeat and one-time users. Baseline and final health checks of repeat users were compared using McNemar tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. The relationship between the number of checks and final health scores was investigated using generalized linear models. Results The demographic profile of SiSU health station users differs from that of the general population. A larger proportion of SiSU users were female (100,814/180,442, 55.87% vs 7807/15,393, 50.72%), younger (86,387/180,442, 47.88% vs 5309/15,393, 34.49% aged less than 35 years), and socioeconomically advantaged (64,388/180,442, 35.68% vs 3117/15,393, 20.25%). Compared with NHS participants, a smaller proportion of SiSU health station users were overweight or obese, were smokers, had high blood pressure (BP), or had diabetes. When data were weighted for demographic differences, only rates of high BP were found to be lower for SiSU users compared with the NHS participants (odds ratio [OR] 1.26; P<.001). Repeat users were more likely to be female (OR 1.37; P<.001), younger (OR 0.99; P<.001), and from high socioeconomic status areas—those residing in socioeconomic index for areas quintiles 4 and 5 were significantly more likely to be repeat users compared with those residing in quintile 1 (OR 1.243; P<.001 and OR 1.151; P<.001, respectively). Repeat users were more likely to have a higher BMI (OR 1.02; P<.001), high BP (OR 1.15; P<.001), and less likely to be smokers (OR 0.77; P<.001). Significant improvements in health status were observed for repeat users. Mean BMI decreased by 0.97 kg/m2 from baseline to final check (z=−14.24; P<.001), whereas the proportion of people with high BP decreased from 15.77% (1080/6848) to 12.90% (885/6860; χ21=38.2; P<.001). The proportion of smokers decreased from 11.91% (1005/8438) to 10.13% (853/8421; χ21=48.4; P<.001). Number of repeat health checks was significantly associated with smoking status (OR 0.96; P<.048) but not with higher BP (P=.14) or BMI (P=.23). Conclusions These findings provide valuable insight into the benefits of health stations for self-monitoring and partially support previous research regarding the effect of demographics and health status on self-management of health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Flitcroft
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Won Sun Chen
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fakih El Khoury C, Karavetian M, Halfens RJG, Crutzen R, El Chaar D, Schols JMGA. Dietary Application for the Management of Patients with Hemodialysis: A Formative Development Study. Healthc Inform Res 2019; 25:262-273. [PMID: 31777669 PMCID: PMC6859267 DOI: 10.4258/hir.2019.25.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe the step-by-step person-centered, theory-based development of the KELA.AE app for Arabic speaking hemodialysis patients. Methods A step-by-step person-driven theory-based approach was conducted to develop a self-monitoring and educational dietary app for hemodialysis patients. The development follows the Integration, Design, Assessment, and Sharing (IDEAS) framework. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 6 hemodialysis patients and 6 healthcare practitioners (dietitians and nephrologists) were performed to assess the need for an app, the willingness to use an app, and features desired in an app. Results The KELA.AE app, which includes a self-monitoring feature, CKD-friendly recipes, and a theory-based, evidence-based educational feature was developed. Qualitative analysis of interviews revealed two predominant themes from patient interviews ‘Experience with the diet’, ‘App evaluation’, and one theme from interviews with healthcare practitioners ‘App evaluation’. Patients expressed frustration with current accessibility of dietary information along with the need for educational materials in the app. The review of the KELA.AE prototype was positive overall, and patients reported a willingness to use the app. Healthcare practitioners considered the app accurate, simple, and culturally sensitive but expressed concerns about app misuse and the replacement of healthcare practitioners. Conclusions The KELA.AE app was found to be satisfactory and supportive of the participants' needs. Changes were made to the app as suggested during the interviews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cosette Fakih El Khoury
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Ruud J G Halfens
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, UAE
| | - Dayana El Chaar
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Science, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jos M G A Schols
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elsner P, Bauer A, Diepgen TL, Drexler H, Fartasch M, John SM, Schliemann S, Wehrmann W, Tittelbach J. Positionspapier: Telemedizin in der Berufsdermatologie – Aktueller Stand und Perspektiven. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 16:969-975. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13605_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Elsner
- Klinik für HautkrankheitenUniversitätsklinikum Jena
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für DermatologieUniversitäts AllergieCentrumUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden
| | | | - Hans Drexler
- Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits‐Sozial‐ und UmweltmedizinFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg
| | - Manigé Fartasch
- Abteilung klinische und experimentelle BerufsdermatologieInstitut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin (IPA)Ruhr‐Universität Bochum
| | - Swen Malte John
- Abteilung DermatologieUmweltmedizinGesundheitstheorieInstitut für interdisziplinäre Dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm) an der Universität OsnabrückNiedersächsisches Institut für Berufsdermatologie (NIB)Universität Osnabrück
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lambert K, Mullan J, Mansfield K, Owen P. Should We Recommend Renal Diet-Related Apps to Our Patients? An Evaluation of the Quality and Health Literacy Demand of Renal Diet-Related Mobile Applications. J Ren Nutr 2018; 27:430-438. [PMID: 29056159 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mobile phone applications (apps) are increasingly being used by patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We sought to describe the main purpose of commonly available renal diet apps and to quantify the accuracy of information, technical quality, and health literacy demand of renal diet apps. DESIGN The design was content analysis. All eligible renal diet apps in the Australian Apple App Store, Google Play, Windows Phone, and Blackberry App World were evaluated. SUBJECTS Eligible apps were in English and were related to kidney disease in humans (of any type or stage). Exclusion criteria included apps which were prohibited because of password protection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Renal diet information in the apps was compared with evidence-based guidelines for the management of kidney disease to quantify information accuracy. App information was evaluated using the Silberg Scale. Technical quality and health literacy demand were evaluated using the Mobile Application Rating Scale. RESULTS A total of 21 apps were eligible for evaluation. The main purpose of these apps was to provide food and nutrition information (57.1%) or for educative purposes for CKD patients (38.1%). Only 47.6% (10/21) of apps contained accurate evidence-based information. Overall, app technical quality was considered acceptable (mean Mobile Application Rating Scale score 3.19 ± 0.35 out of 5), with 80.9% of apps scoring acceptable or greater for app technical quality. Scores for health literacy demand also indicated that most apps (15/21, 71.4%) were acceptable. CONCLUSIONS A range of apps currently exist that may provide individuals with CKD with useful food and nutrition information or increase their knowledge of the renal diet. These apps are also mainly of acceptable technical quality and health literacy demand. However, caution is required when using renal diet apps because more than half of the apps evaluated were not accurate and evidence based.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lambert
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Judy Mullan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, and Director of Centre for Health Research Illawarra Shoalhaven Population (CHRISP), Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kylie Mansfield
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paris Owen
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elsner P, Bauer A, Diepgen TL, Drexler H, Fartasch M, John SM, Schliemann S, Wehrmann W, Tittelbach J. Position paper: Telemedicine in occupational dermatology – current status and perspectives. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 16:969-974. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Elsner
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Jena Jena Germany
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Allergy CenterUniversity Hospital Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Ludwig Diepgen
- Institute of Clinical Social MedicineUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans Drexler
- Department of OccupationalSocial and Environmental MedicineUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Germany
| | - Manigé Fartasch
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Occupational DermatologyInstitute of Preventive and Occupational Medicine (IPA)Ruhr University Bochum Germany
| | - Swen Malte John
- Division of DermatologyEnvironmental MedicineHealth TheoryInstitute of Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück UniversityLower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology (NIB)Osnabrück University Osnabrück Germany
| | | | | | - Jörg Tittelbach
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Jena Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hartz J, Yingling L, Powell-Wiley TM. Use of Mobile Health Technology in the Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Cardiol Rep 2017; 18:130. [PMID: 27826901 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-016-0796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with diabetes being an independent risk factor. Adequate diabetes management has proven to be resource-intensive, requiring frequent lab work, primary care and specialist visits, and time-consuming record-keeping by the patient and care team. New mobile health (mHealth) technologies have enhanced how diabetes is managed and care is delivered. While more recent work has investigated mHealth devices as complementary tools in behavioral interventions for diabetes prevention and management, little is still known about the effectiveness of mHealth technology as stand-alone intervention tools for reducing diabetes risk. In addition, more work is needed to identify the role of mHealth technology in treating vulnerable populations to ameliorate cardiovascular health disparities. With advances in mobile health technology development for diabetes prevention and management, these modalities will likely play an increasingly prominent role in reducing cardiometabolic risk for the US population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hartz
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Leah Yingling
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, 5-3330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, 5-3330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|