[Thyroid cancers in Madagascar]

Clinical profile and management of primary thyroid cancer in patients with nodular goitre at the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon

Introduction

thyroid cancer (TC) is considered to have become the fastest growing cancer in terms of incidence worldwide. Despite literature reporting a prevalence of 5-10% in clinically identified thyroid nodules, Cameroon still has limited data on the profile of TCs in patients with Nodular Goitres (NGs). The Objective were to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic profiles of TCs in patients with nodular goitres at the Douala General Hospital (DGH).

Methods

this was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patient records with diagnoses of NGs, over 11 years (2006 to 2016) at the DGH.

Results

overall, 187 patients (mean age= 46.8±13.9 years, men=27 (14.4%)) were included; 43 (23%) cancers were identified. The most common histological type was papillary cancer (50%). Nodule size of >4cm and hypoechogenicity were independently associated with malignancy. Most patients presented with TNM stage II (47.4%) and well-differentiated cancers were considered to be predominantly at low-risk according to MACIS (55%) and AMES (74%) scores. Surgery was offered to 95.3% of patients.

Conclusion

TCs are frequent in patients with NGs with papillary cancer dominating. A high index of suspicion should be held if a nodule is >4cm and/or is hypoechogenic. Prognostic studies are needed to describe the outcome of TCs in our setting.

[Thyroid carcinoma: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profiles, about 102 cases]

Les carcinomes thyroïdiens sont des tumeurs malignes assez rares, représentant 1% des cancers. Ils sont généralement de bon pronostic, et présentent des aspects cliniques et évolutifs variés selon leur origine histologique. Notre travail est une étude rétrospective portant sur 102 cas de carcinomes de la thyroïde, colligés sur un nombre total de 811 gestes chirurgicaux thyroïdiens, au service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale de l'hôpital militaire Avicenne de Marrakech, sur une période de 8 ans, allant de janvier 2006 à décembre 2013. Les carcinomes thyroïdiens atteignent le sujet jeune avant l’âge de 50 ans, en particulier le sexe féminin. La tendance dans les pays en voie de développement, comme dans le monde entier est en croissance continue, ceci peut être expliqué par l'amélioration des outils d'imagerie et des moyens diagnostiques cytologiques et anatomo-pathologiques.

Thyroid cancer, clinical and hystopathological study on patients under 25 years in Tabriz, Iran (2000-2012)

Thyroid cancer comprises a broad spectrum of diseases with variable prognoses. The aim of this study was to assess thyroid cancer in young population using the surveillance, epidemiology and end results database and whether radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 influenced thyroid cancer incidence among children and adolescents in Tabriz, Iran. Patients aged 5-25 in Tabriz from April 2000 to April 2012 were studied. Using the surveillance and end results database, the study examined the overall incidence of thyroid cancer with variations based on tumor pathology, size and stage, as well as the current surgical therapy of thyroid carcinoma. This study demonstrated a positive correlation between thyroid carcinoma tumor size and stage of disease. Mortality rates were higher among men than women. Recurrence rates are also higher in men. Compared with women, men have greater likelihood ofloco regional lymph node involvement and more than twice the rate of distant metastases. Operative treatment for thyroid cancer also has shifted with Radical dissection+Total thyroidectomy replacing partial thyroidectomy as the most common surgical procedure. Our data indicate that the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer cannot be accounted for fully by an increased detection of small neoplasms. This study show the increasing in thyroid cancer incidence related to exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl accident.