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Alshamsan B, Alajlan T, Alsalhi A, Rabbani U. Insights into the Refusal of Free Screening Mammograms: Exploring Contributing Factors. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2024; 16:471-481. [PMID: 39170933 PMCID: PMC11338170 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s472367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Despite the availability of free screening mammograms (SMG) through the Breast Cancer Early Detection (BCED) Program in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia, a notable gap exists between program implementation and the actual uptake of SMG. This study aims to assess the refusal rate, identify barriers to participation, and shed light on the factors influencing women's decisions regarding SMG. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among consecutive women aged 40-69 participating anonymously in the BCED program in September 2023. The participants were administered a validated Arabic language survey encompassing breast cancer screening backgrounds and knowledge, reasons for refusal, and factors influencing SMG reconsideration. Logistic regression was employed to identify factors linked with SMG refusal using SPSS version 28. Results Of the 2446 eligible women in the study, 576 (23.6%) declined to undergo SMG. The median age of participants was 49 years, primarily married (91.5%) and residing in central cities (60.3%). Previous mammogram history was reported by 21.4%, with only 12.9% performing regular SMGs every 1-2 years. Married women had a 31% lower refusal likelihood to SMG compared to widowed/divorced women (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 0.69, p = 0.02). Women residing in peripheral areas showed approximately 1.45 times higher odds of refusal compared to those in central cities (aOR = 1.45, p < 0.001), and women without prior history of SMG had 2.13 times higher odds of refusal (aOR = 2.14, p < 0.001). Conclusion The refusal rate for SMG in the Qassim region aligns closely with rates observed in developed countries. Despite this progress, significant barriers to SMG uptake persist, and tailored interventions targeting specific demographic groups and addressing these barriers are essential to improving screening participation, promoting a culture of proactive screening behavior, and ensuring equitable access to screening services for all eligible women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshamsan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Oncology Department, Prince Faisal Cancer Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim Cluster, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasneem Alajlan
- Health and Curative Programs Department, Public Health and Community Health Administration, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Family Medicine Department, Almuntazah PHC, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alsalhi
- Family Medicine Department, Almuntazah PHC, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Unaib Rabbani
- Family Medicine Department, Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Ben El-Fakir M, Aimrane A, Laaradia MA, Ait Taleb K, Issaoune MO, Lahouaoui H, El Khiat A, El-Mansoury B, Kahime K, Elmourid A, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, El Hidan MA. Awareness about Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination among Undergraduate Female Students at the University of Agadir, Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 5:385-401. [PMID: 39051208 PMCID: PMC11270211 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a pressing public health issue globally and in Morocco, with rising cases among women. This study aims to evaluate breast cancer awareness and self-examination practices among female university students, informing future educational interventions. A cross-sectional study surveyed 437 students at Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, using a questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge of breast cancer, risk factors, symptoms, and breast self-examination (BSE). Results showed high awareness of breast cancer (95.3%), with social networks and media being primary information sources. However, only 48.25% had intermediate knowledge levels, and BSE awareness was moderate (60.8%) with low practical skills (28.0%). Reasons for not performing BSE included lack of knowledge and discomfort. Significant associations were found between knowledge levels and age, year of study, study options, and information sources. Despite high awareness, there is a crucial need to enhance knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and BSE practices among young women in Morocco. Educational programs targeting university students are essential for promoting early detection and improving attitudes toward breast health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ben El-Fakir
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Natural Resources Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Ait Melloul 80000, Morocco; (M.B.E.-F.); (K.A.T.)
| | - Abdelmohcine Aimrane
- Nutritional Physiopathologies, Neuroscience and Toxicology Team, Laboratory of Anthropogenic, Biotechnology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco;
| | - Mehdi Ait Laaradia
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco;
| | - Khalid Ait Taleb
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Natural Resources Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Ait Melloul 80000, Morocco; (M.B.E.-F.); (K.A.T.)
| | - Mohamed Omar Issaoune
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed Vi Marrakech, Service d’Oncologie, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Hasna Lahouaoui
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health, Laâyoune 70000, Morocco;
| | - Abdelaati El Khiat
- Biological and Health Sciences Team, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Ministry of Health, Ouarzazate 45000, Morocco;
| | - Bilal El-Mansoury
- Nutritional Physiopathologies, Neuroscience and Toxicology Team, Laboratory of Anthropogenic, Biotechnology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco;
| | - Kholoud Kahime
- SAEDD Laboratory, School of Technology Essaouira, Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakesh, Essaouira 44000, Morocco;
| | - Abdessamad Elmourid
- Polyvalent Team in Research and Development (EPVRD), Department of Biology & Geology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23030, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment & Agri-Food URAC 36, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques—Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20000, Morocco;
| | - Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies and Natural Resources Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Zohr, Ait Melloul 80000, Morocco; (M.B.E.-F.); (K.A.T.)
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Alsalamh R, Al-Harbi FA, Alotaibi RT, Al-Harbi ON, Alshahrani N, Alfadhel SM, Fatani ER, Al-Harbi A, Lasloom RA, Alzahrani RM. Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e65103. [PMID: 39170991 PMCID: PMC11338644 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant public health concern globally, and early detection through screening programs can improve treatment outcomes and reduce mortality rates. However, the uptake of breast cancer screening among women in Saudi Arabia is hindered by various barriers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the barriers to breast cancer screening among women in Saudi Arabia, providing insights into the multifaceted challenges hindering screening uptake and informing tailored interventions and policy recommendations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across electronic databases and grey literature sources to identify relevant studies on barriers to breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. Studies conducted between 2017 and 2023, employing diverse settings and methodologies, were included in the analysis. Data on the prevalence of barriers, family history of breast cancer, and self-reported breast examination practices were extracted and synthesized. A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing diverse populations and methodologies. The included studies predominantly employed cross-sectional survey designs and targeted various populations across different regions of Saudi Arabia. The barriers to breast cancer screening were investigated, revealing concerns such as fear of discovering cancer, embarrassment due to breast-related tests, fear of pain related to clinical examination, and lack of awareness. Additionally, a substantial proportion of participants reported a family history of breast cancer, indicating a significant risk factor for the disease. Self-reported breast examination practices varied among participants, with disparities in screening behaviors observed. Our review identified fear of diagnosis, embarrassment, and lack of awareness as key barriers to breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. Targeted interventions, including education and improved access, are essential to address these challenges and enhance early detection efforts, reducing the burden of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rawan T Alotaibi
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
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Koech JM, Magutah K, Mogere DM, Kariuki J, Willy K, Muriira MA, Chege H. Knowledge, attitude and practices around breast cancer and screening services among women of reproductive age in Turbo sub-county, Kenya. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31597. [PMID: 38828302 PMCID: PMC11140695 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Only 12% of Kenyan women use breast cancer (BC)screening programs. Early identification is critical for reducing the condition's associated morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, few studies have been conducted on the screening program's implementation and the causes for the low usage rates in Turbo Sub-County, Kenya. The purpose of this study was to learn about women of reproductive age's (WRA) practices, attitudes, and knowledge regarding BC screening programs, as well as to investigate the potential association between lifestyle factors and BC screening service utilization. Methods Mixed-method approaches were used in an analytical cross-sectional study design. The study included 317 participants selected randomly. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data while focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interview (KII) guides were used for collecting qualitative data. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used to manage quantitative data, whereas NVivo version 12 was used to analyze qualitative data. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the degree of relationship between BC screening service uptake and independent variables. The qualitative data was transcribed verbatim, and the transcripts were automatically coded to generate themes. Results The participants' mean age was 30.14 (9.64). Breast cancer screening services were used by 10.21% of the population. Women who were aware of the signs and symptoms of BC were 71.5 times more likely to undergo screening than their counterparts. Similarly, those with positive attitudes toward BC and screening programs were 84 times more likely to get screened than those with negative attitudes. Breastfeeding increased the likelihood of BC screening by OR = 37 (95% CI: 0.00-0.32), physical activity by OR = 37 (95% CI: 0.00-0.25), and chronic illnesses by OR = 37 (95% CI: 0.00-0.17). Conclusion Knowledge of signs and symptoms of BC and a positive attitude towards perceived barriers enhanced the probabilities of BC screening. Being physically active, breastfeeding, and having a chronic disease all increased the odds of BC screening uptake. To improve screening rates, it is necessary to provide sufficient information to those who are least likely to be screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Maureen Koech
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Kenya
| | - Karani Magutah
- Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Dominic M. Mogere
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Kenya
| | - John Kariuki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Kenya
| | | | - Mutua Alex Muriira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Kenya
| | - Harrison Chege
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Kenya
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Aljehani AJ, Alomar MA, Albalawi AM, Alsultan AS, Alhussini FO, Alshehri RF, Bin Masoud AA, Alshehri FS. Perceptions and Behaviors Regarding Early Screening and Breast-Related Complaints Among Saudi Women. Cureus 2024; 16:e61891. [PMID: 38975394 PMCID: PMC11227849 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is a global public health issue, contributing to a significant death toll among women. Breast cancer is the most common type among Saudi women, accounting for over a quarter of all new cancer cases. The current approaches for detecting BC include mammography, clinical breast exams, and breast self-examination (BSE). Early diagnosis of BC is crucial for reducing mortality and morbidity. This study aims to investigate attitudes and behaviors regarding early screening and self-examination of breast cancer in Saudi Arabia. Materials and method This cross-sectional study was conducted over eight months. The sample size calculation with a 95% confidence interval and 0.05 precision rate is 600 of the total targeted group. The study included Saudi females aged 30 and above. Data were collected via an online questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluated various aspects, including information regarding sociodemographics, barriers, and attitudes toward breast cancer screening. Results The majority of participants were aged 41-50 (40.7%) and married (76.2%). Over a third (31.9%) had been diagnosed with benign breast tumors, with MRI being the most common examination method (39.2%). Regarding screening practices, 55.7% had been screened previously, with a high intention for future screening (76.8%). Attitudes toward screening were positive, with 83.4% willing to undergo testing if free, painless, and conducted by a female provider. Barriers to screening included fear of examination (30.2%) and shame about exposing the body (25.6%). Conclusion The study provides valuable insights into the demographic characteristics, prevalence of benign breast tumors, screening practices, and attitudes toward breast cancer screening among Saudi women aged 30 and above. Factors such as age, marital status, income, occupation, and geographical residency influence screening behavior and intentions. Efforts to promote awareness, reduce barriers, and improve access to screening services are essential for enhancing breast cancer detection and prevention within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq J Aljehani
- Department of Surgery, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammed A Alomar
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Firas O Alhussini
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Riyadh F Alshehri
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Fahad S Alshehri
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
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Alhumaid AA, Alshahrani W, Al Qahtani SM, Alotaibi H, Almubarriz RA. Knowledge and Level of Awareness Regarding Breast Cancer and Practices of Breast Screening Methods Among Female Riyadh Citizens. Cureus 2024; 16:e59996. [PMID: 38854323 PMCID: PMC11162281 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Some of the risk factors for breast cancer include family history, personal history, and hormonal replacement therapy. There are different methods of screening breast cancer, including clinical examination, breast self-examination (BSE), and mammograms. Despite the various modalities of screening, the screening was low, and the level of awareness was variable. Objective The objective of this research is to determine the knowledge and level of awareness regarding breast cancer and BSE among female Riyadh citizens. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 408 participants, using a convenient sample technique. The inclusion criteria were female, Riyadh residents, aged between 18 and 70 years old. An online survey was distributed among female Riyadh residents, and it included demographic data, knowledge regarding breast cancer, its risk factors, BSE, and mammograms. The questionnaire was constructed for this study, and validity and reliability were tested. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 22; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) software was used for statistics. Analysis of quantitative data by a t-test and association of qualitative variables by a chi-square test was conducted. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 408 participated in our sturdy, with the majority aged 50 years and above. All of those aged between 18 and 30, in addition to the majority of those aged 50 and above, showed poor knowledge. Gathering information through campaigns and TV/radio was associated with better knowledge compared to other sources. Knowledge regarding breast cancer risk factors was better among younger participants compared to older ones. Regarding BSE, all participants, regardless of age, showed poor knowledge. However, older participants aged 50 and above showed good knowledge in regard mammograms. Conclusion Most of the participants showed poor knowledge in regards to breast cancer symptoms and signs, risk factors, and BSE. However, knowledge regarding mammograms was mostly good among the participants. The variations in knowledge were influenced by several factors, including age, educational level, number of kids, information sources, and prior history of history of breast cancer or of a relative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A Alhumaid
- General Surgery, Breast Surgical Oncology, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Waad Alshahrani
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Hawazin Alotaibi
- Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, SAU
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Yasin G, Subke AA. Breast Cancer Screening Awareness and Associated Factors Among Saudi Females: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2024). Cureus 2024; 16:e60337. [PMID: 38883045 PMCID: PMC11177560 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) represents a major health concern for women globally, including those in Saudi Arabia. Awareness and early detection through screening practices are vital measures in improving BC outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the awareness and associated factors of BC screening among Saudi females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 among Saudi females aged 18 and above, residing in Jeddah. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that included sections on demographic characteristics, Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (Breast CAM), knowledge, and factors influencing participation in screening programs. The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics. RESULTS The study, consisting of 454 participants, found that half of them rarely or never checked their breasts and many were not confident about noticing any changes in their breasts. There was a strong awareness of the Ministry of Health's (MOH) BC screening program, but most were uncertain about the age at which screenings should start and end. Only a small percentage reported receiving an invitation for breast screening and an even smaller percentage have participated in the screening. Significant associations were found between higher awareness of BC signs, a monthly family income of over 20,000, and being medically free (p-value <0.05). CONCLUSION The study found a significant gap in BC awareness and screening practices among females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This underlines the importance of targeted health education and awareness programs, as well as accessible and affordable screening services, to improve early detection and outcomes for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghala Yasin
- Preventive Medicine, Saudi Ministry of Health, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abeer A Subke
- Preventive Medicine, Saudi Ministry of Health, Jeddah, SAU
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Aga SS, Yasmeen N, Al-Mansour M, Khan MA, Nissar S, Khawaji B, Awadh A, Alasmari MM, Abushouk A. Knowledge, awareness and attitude towards breast cancer: Risk factors, signs and screening among Health and Allied students: A prospective study. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1804-1824. [PMID: 38948630 PMCID: PMC11213396 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1720_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in Saudi women. Therefore, understanding BC and its related risk factors, symptoms, and screening is critical for early detection and intervention. The current study was meant to explore the knowledge, awareness, and attitude (KAA) gap in BC: risk factors, symptoms, and screening. Material and Methods This cross-sectional investigation was carried out with Health Professions Students (HPS) using a predesigned and validated study questionnaire to examine HPS knowledge and attitudes concerning BC and associated risk factors, symptoms, and screening. Results A total of 277 female students responded to the survey. The frequency of correct answers for the BC knowledge questions varied from the lowest of 27.8% to the highest of 88.8%, with only 5 out of 15 questions (33.3%) answered correctly by more than 60% of the participants, displaying poor knowledge and awareness of BC. A majority (>60%) of the participants identified only 7 of the 18 risk factors of BC correctly, whereas 11 of the 13 early warning signs of BC were identified correctly by the majority (>60%) of the participants. Among the participants, only 26.4% were aware of the breast cancer screening center, but 94.6% of them agreed that early detection of breast cancer is important and 82.7% agreed to participate in the screening program if offered. Conclusion Participants' knowledge and awareness of BC were found to be relatively low; however, their attitudes towards BC screening were positive. As a result, it is critical to develop effective education programs, curricular activities, and awareness campaigns to address the lack of awareness of BC and to have an appropriate response to screening to reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S. Aga
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diseases and Diagnostics Division, Infinity Biochemistry Pvt. Ltd, Sajjad Abad, Chattabal, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Nusrath Yasmeen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Nursing, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Mansour
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Adult Medical Oncology, Princess Noorah Oncology Center, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A. Khan
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saniya Nissar
- Molecular Diseases and Diagnostics Division, Infinity Biochemistry Pvt. Ltd, Sajjad Abad, Chattabal, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Bader Khawaji
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Awadh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moudi M. Alasmari
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Abushouk
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhu L, Zhou Q, Huang Z, Yang Y, Yang Y, Du Y, Zhao Y, Yu X, Li T, Chen W. Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Awareness in Rural Southwest China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health 2024; 16:509-518. [PMID: 38533523 PMCID: PMC10964776 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s453857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the current knowledge level of breast cancer among rural women in Southwest China and analyze the influencing factors of breast cancer cognition. Methods From May to November 2022, 1468 rural women were invited to participate in this study. Demographic information and the Chinese version of the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (C-BCAM) were collected through one-on-one investigations. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS 26.0. Results The study included a total of 1468 rural women with a median age of 54.0 (IQR, 47.0, 60.0).The average score of breast cancer in the study population was 73.0 (IQR, 66.0, 82.0). Among women in Southwest China, the awareness rates of knowledge on breast cancer symptoms, barriers to seeking medical help, and risk factors were 68.8%, 98.4%, and 62.1%, respectively. The awareness rate was found to increase with higher education levels (P<0.001) and decrease with increasing age (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified three variables that might influence breast cancer awareness: education level, contraceptive measures, and history of breast disease (all P<0.05). Specifically, history of breast disease (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.907, 95% CI = 1.128 ~ 3.223), middle school education (OR = 2.155, 95% CI = 1.585 ~ 2.928), and junior college education and above (OR = 5.536, 95% CI = 1.898 ~ 16.148) were positive factors for women's breast cancer awareness. Conversely, the use of intrauterine devices (OR = 0.523, 95% CI = 0.384 ~ 0.712) was found to be a negative factor for women's breast cancer awareness. Conclusion This study highlights the insufficient awareness of breast cancer among women in rural area of Southwest China. It emphasizes the necessity of health education to improve female breast cancer awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- College of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- College of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Mianyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Yanting County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Du
- Yanting County Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingyuan Li
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People’s Republic of China
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Alnaqrani F, Almuayrifi MJ, Alhumaidan LS, Alsaeri AS, Alfantoukh AM, Alradaddi RM. Awareness and Risk Assessment of Breast Cancer Among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e51450. [PMID: 38298299 PMCID: PMC10829430 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide including in Saudi Arabia. As a result, many cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to a poor outcome. Understanding risk perception is a significant component of awareness of breast cancer risks. It can be helpful to reduce the mortality of breast cancer via increasing awareness of the risk factors. Objective Our study was designed to assess the level of awareness among women in Saudi Arabia regarding breast cancer, including knowledge about risk factors, symptoms, and the importance of early detection. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, and participants were randomly selected. The target population in this study is all women in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected via an online questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 21.0, Armonk, NY). Results About 713 women were enrolled in this study. Most of them (69%) were within the age group of 35-45 years old. Age at menarche was found to be 12-13 years old in 313 (43.9%) of the participants and age at first live birth was found to be 20-24 in about 360 (50.5%). The number of population with first-degree relatives that have a history of breast cancer is one relative in 126 (17.7%) of the participants and about 36 (5%) had breast biopsy. About 76 (10.7%) of the participants were considered as having a high risk of breast cancer according to the estimated five-year breast cancer-risk assessment (had a five-year breast cancer risk >1.66%). The mean knowledge score of the participants about breast cancer was found to be 4.62 ± 1.86 out of 8. About 509 (71.4%) of the participants were considered to be having a good level of knowledge about breast cancer. Long-term hormone contraceptive use and older age can increase the chance of developing breast cancer as agreed on by 363 (50.9%) and 287 (40.3%) of the participants respectively. A total of 677 (95%) of the participants mentioned that early detection is important to survive breast cancer. And 639 (89.6%) of the participants think that breast cancer is treatable and about 288 (40.4%) think that the suitable age to start mammography is above 30 years old. Conclusion There is a good general knowledge and awareness about breast cancer among study participants. There were few knowledge gaps regarding the effect of obesity, hormonal contraceptives and older age on the association with breast cancer. About 10% of the participants were found to be having high five-year breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lama S Alhumaidan
- College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU
| | - Amer S Alsaeri
- College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, SAU
| | | | - Rola M Alradaddi
- College of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU
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AlRajhi B, Aljadani FF, Almarwan SR, Alzahrani AA, Sindi MHM, Kano A, Alzahrani RS, Baaqeel R. Breast Cancer Awareness Among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:913-924. [PMID: 38111500 PMCID: PMC10726713 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s426079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Early detection of BC significantly improves prognosis; thus, awareness is an important aspect of BC morbidity and survival as well as the economic burden. This systematic review aimed to explore awareness of BC among women in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods A systematic search was performed using Medline, Scopus, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Google Scholar for all cross-sectional studies conducted in Saudi Arabia, published after the year 2000 and in English. The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the AXIS tool. Results The total number of included articles after full-text assessment was 13 articles that were conducted between 2005 and 2022. The sample size of all the articles was 7,562 women. All the studies categorized BC awareness into low, moderate, and high groups. The level of low awareness among women reached 66.3% (n=2808), 13.5% (n=570) had moderate awareness levels, and 20.2% (n=858) had high awareness levels. Furthermore, 59.4% (n=1446) of the participants did not perform breast self-examination (BSE) regularly. Conclusion The level of awareness and knowledge regarding BC and BSE was significantly low among women in Saudi Arabia, as all included studies except one have indicated. We highly recommend and urge the implementation of effective special programs and campaigns to raise awareness regarding BC and integrating BSE into school health programs dedicated to women living in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam AlRajhi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal F Aljadani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Rafed Almarwan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Abdullah Alzahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Hatim M Sindi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Kano
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Saleh Alzahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Baaqeel
- Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Sulu SMM, Mukuku O, Sulu AMS, Massamba BL, Mashinda DK, Tshimpi AW. Knowledge regarding breast cancer among Congolese women in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1758. [PMID: 36404296 PMCID: PMC10026289 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women and is characterized by late clinical signs in developing countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo. One of the main reasons of death from breast cancer is lack of awareness and screening, which has led to late diagnosis (at an advanced stage). This study aims to measure women's knowledge regarding breast cancer in Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 489 women aged 20-65 years was conducted. Data was collected using a predesigned, tested, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included specific sections to test the participants' knowledge related to breast cancer and its screening, and practices related to breast self-examination (BSE). Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were used. RESULTS Our results indicated that 22.09% of the participants had good breast cancer knowledge and 77.91% had poor breast cancer knowledge. Overall, 322 (65.85%) participants recognized that BSE is a valuable method for early screening of BSE. In total, 136 (27.81%) respondents had learned to do the BSE and 216 (44.17%) had reported doing it. Two hundred and ninety-two (59.71%) respondents mentioned that any woman was at risk for breast cancer and 357 (71.78%) mentioned that it was possible to prevent breast cancer. Determinants of an adequate level of knowledge were higher/university educational level (adjusted odds ratio = 2.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.27-5.73; p = .010) and having previously been screened for breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio = 2.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.40-3.83; p = .001). CONCLUSION The majority (77.91%) of women have demonstrated poor knowledge of signs/symptoms, risk factors, and screening methods of breast cancer. Additional efforts should be made through women's healthcare workers to raise knowledge of breast cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Mukuku
- Department of Research, Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Arnold Maseb Sul Sulu
- Department of Oncology, Nganda Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bienvenu Lebwaze Massamba
- Department of Oncology, Nganda Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Pathology, Kinshasa University Clinics, University of Kinshsa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Antoine Wola Tshimpi
- Department of Pathology, Kinshasa University Clinics, University of Kinshsa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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13
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Mohammadnezhad G, Sattarpour M, Moradi N. Budget impact analysis of breast cancer medications: a systematic review. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:105. [PMID: 36581921 PMCID: PMC9801587 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer globally among women, with 2,261,419 new cases in 2020; systemic treatment may be neo-adjuvant, adjuvant, or both. BC subtype guides the standard systemic therapy administered, which consists of endocrine therapy for all HR + tumors, trastuzumab-based HER2-directed antibody therapy plus chemotherapy for all HER2 + tumors (with endocrine therapy given in addition, if concurrent HR positivity), and chemotherapy alone for the triple-negative subtype. This study aimed to identify, evaluate, and systematically review all budget impact analyses (BIAs) of BC medications worldwide. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases were thoroughly searched up to 26th March 2022 to identify original published studies which evaluate BIA of BC medications. ISPOR Task Force guidelines were used to assess the quality of included studies. This study was conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS In total, 17 BIAs were included in the study. About half of the studies were conducted in Europe. The results of the BIAs showed that most of the included BIAs are conducted from the payer's perspective; they have different methodological frameworks for recommended chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy agents to treat BC. For the same medications, the results of budgetary effects are not consistent in diverse countries. Nine out of the 17 studies were focused on trastuzumab, in which the biosimilar form reduced costs, but the brand form increased costs, especially in a 52-week treatment period. CONCLUSION Researchers should conduct the budget impact analysis of high-value medications such as anti-tumor drugs more objectively, and the accuracy of parameters needs to be more strictly guaranteed. Furthermore, it is worthy of declaring that the budgetary impact of the same drug is not always consistent over time, so the researchers should measure access to medication in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Mohammadnezhad
- grid.411600.2School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Sattarpour
- grid.411600.2School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Moradi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Awareness, Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes towards Familial and Inherited Cancer. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101400. [PMID: 36295561 PMCID: PMC9611391 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 9.9 million deaths from cancer, with a mortality rate of 10.65%. Early detection of cancer can decrease mortality and increase the chance of cure. In Saudi Arabia, multiple studies were performed for awareness and attitudes toward cancer, but few studies evaluated the awareness of familial and inherited cancers. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational survey of the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of Saudi women toward familial and inherited cancers. The estimated sample size was 385. Questionnaires were distributed through social media platforms from 1 January 2021 to 22 January 2021. Results: Of the 385 participants, the majority have a bachelor’s degree. More than half (68.9%) know that family history is related to cancer, and approximately 57.2% are aware of genetic testing. The most common indication of genetic testing is premarital testing (18.5%). An inverse relationship is noted between the awareness of familial and inherited cancers and age (p = 0.003, CI = 0.723−0.938). However, awareness of inherited and familial cancer is positively associated with awareness of the association of genetic mutation to cancer (p = 0.013, CI = 1.080−1.921) and knowledge about genetic testing (p > 0.000, CI = 2.487−8.426). Conclusions: Our results reveal that Saudi women, especially older adults, have suboptimal knowledge about inherited and familial cancers, and poor attitudes toward genetic screening. We recommend increasing public awareness regarding risk factors and screening for inherited and familial cancers.
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15
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Female Healthcare Workers' Knowledge, Attitude towards Breast Cancer, and Perceived Barriers towards Mammogram Screening: A Multicenter Study in North Saudi Arabia. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4300-4314. [PMID: 35735453 PMCID: PMC9222040 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29060344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries. This analytical cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitude towards breast cancer, and barriers to mammogram screening among 414 randomly selected female healthcare workers from multiple healthcare facilities in northern Saudi Arabia. Of the studied population, 48.6% had low knowledge, and 16.1% had a low attitude towards breast cancer risk factors and symptoms. The common barriers to mammogram screening were fear to discover cancer (57.2%) and apprehension regarding radiation exposure (57%). Logistic regression analysis found that lack of awareness regarding mammogram was significantly associated with age (p = 0.030) and healthcare workers category (ref: physicians: p = 0.016). In addition, we found a significant negative correlation between knowledge and barrier scores (Spearman’s rho: −0.315, p < 0.001). It is recommended to develop target-oriented educational programs for the healthcare workers, which would empower them to educate the community regarding the risk factors and the importance of mammogram screening. Furthermore, a prospective study is warranted in other regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to understand the region-specific training needs for the healthcare workers.
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16
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Dastgiri S, de Bock GH, Sanaat Z, Ranjkesh M, Abbasi Z, Jabbaripour P, Pashaie S, Poorsaberi S, Dolatkhah R. Acceptability and compliance with a breast cancer prevention campaign in the Northwest Region, Iran. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Breast cancer screening intended to improve survival and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to document the acceptability and compliance of the breast cancer prevention campaigns. Materials & methods: Healthy women aged 35–65 years were recruited from various regions of the Northwest of Iran. All women were invited to participate in self-examination training for the breast and then re-assessed by clinical examination and mammography. Results: A total of 321 healthy women were recruited, and volunteered to undergo at least one breast self-examination. The first and second clinical examinations were conducted on all women. Ultimately, 272 women (84.7%) underwent mammography. The most common barriers to screening were found to be fear of positive results, fear of cancer, lack of knowledge, fear of the mammography procedure and pain, travel distance and costs. Conclusion: The most critical challenge for implementing a breast cancer prevention program was the lack of knowledge and attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Dastgiri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Geertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology & Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ranjkesh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zhila Abbasi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Jabbaripour
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shima Pashaie
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Poorsaberi
- Alzahra Educational & Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Dolatkhah
- Hematology & Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Manouchehri E, Taghipour A, Ebadi A, Homaei Shandiz F, Latifnejad Roudsari R. Understanding breast cancer risk factors: is there any mismatch between laywomen perceptions and expert opinions. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:309. [PMID: 35321682 PMCID: PMC8941798 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Women’s perception and knowledge of breast cancer signs, symptoms, and risk factors could be conducive to breast cancer risk management and interventions. The present study aimed to explore Iranian laywomen perceptions and expert opinions regarding breast cancer risk factors. Methods This qualitative study was conducted from March to November 2019 in Mashhad, northeast of Iran. Through purposive sampling, 24 laywomen (women with and without BC) and 10 experts of different fields including oncology, surgery, gynecology and reproductive health were selected. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured interviews, which was mainly focused on the participants’ understanding and perception of BC risk factors. The data was analyzed utilizing conventional content analysis developed by Graneheim & Lundman. Components of trustworthiness, including credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability were considered. Results The main category of risk factors, which emerged from the lay participants’ data analysis, were “unhealthy lifestyle and habits” , “hormonal influences”, “environmental exposures”, “Individual susceptibility “and “belief in supernatural powers”. The experts had similar perspectives for certain risk factors, yet not for all. The category of “Individual history of disease” was emerged only from experts’ interviews. Conclusion In the present study, the lay participants’ perception concerning BC risk factors was found to be a mixture of cultural beliefs and the scientific knowledge dispersed by the media, internet, and health services. Primary prevention approaches, including awareness of breast cancer risk factors, are required for women to make improved health-related choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Manouchehri
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Taghipour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.,Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - F Homaei Shandiz
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - R Latifnejad Roudsari
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Haghighat S, Omidi Z, Koosha M, Nazeri N, Khosravi N, Zolfaghari S. Status of breast cancer screening strategies and indicators in Iran: A scoping review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 27:21. [PMID: 35419063 PMCID: PMC8995307 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1390_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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19
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Zhang L, Yang X. Linking Risk Perception to Breast Cancer Examination Intention in China: Examining an Adapted Cognitive Mediation Model. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:1813-1824. [PMID: 32731756 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1796283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drawn upon the cognitive mediation model, this study proposes an adapted model and examines the mechanisms by which Chinese women's risk perception of breast cancer becomes associated with their breast cancer examination intention. Our hypothesized model was largely supported by an online survey with a nationwide sample of 458 Chinese women. The results indicated that a person's perceived risk for breast cancer motivated information seeking and scanning using various mass media and online channels, which then positively predicted the person's quest for greater elaboration and more interpersonal discussion. In addition, elaboration was positively associated with breast cancer-related factual knowledge and subjective norms, whereas interpersonal discussion only exerted a positive relationship with subjective norms but not factual knowledge. As predicted, knowledge and subjective norms were positively associated with people's intentions to pursue breast cancer examination. Future research should consider both information seeking and scanning in the process of media learning and reflection. In addition to intrapersonal factors like knowledge, the interpersonal reasoning process that cultivates a favorable social influence is pivotal in promoting breast cancer examination in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianshan Zhang
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shandong University
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20
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Shaheen NA, Alaskar A, Almuflih A, Muhanna N, Barrak Alzomia S, Hussein MA. Screening Practices, Knowledge and Adherence Among Health Care Professionals at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6975-6989. [PMID: 34707389 PMCID: PMC8542573 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s329056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Screening, a routine procedure done on individuals with or without disease, results in the early detection of disease. The aim of this study was to assess healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) level of knowledge related to and the adherence to screening. Methods A survey was conducted in HCPs, using a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge was defined based on the correct or incorrect responses to the questions. Adherence to screening was considered if a test was done at least once in the past one year. Results Of the 379 participants, 61% were nurses, 34% physicians, and 5% pharmacists. The majority 68.78% were female. The average age of pharmacists was 29.17±7.09, physicians 35.57±10.08, and nurses 35.46±8.63 years. The knowledge related to breast cancer screening ranged between 50% and 57% and of a Pap smear, 41–54%. 94% nurses and 90% pharmacists had recorded an incorrect response to the required age of colon cancer screening. The overall screening adherence to diabetes was 46%, hypertension 68%, liver profile 43%, lipid profile 50%, breast cancer 10.38%, Pap smear 26%, prostate cancer 33%, and colon cancer 2.37%. HCPs aged ≥45 years had good adherence to diabetes screening. Pharmacists (88%) had the highest level of adherence to hypertension screening. Female HCPs poorly adhered to breast 38% and cervical cancer 26% screening. Only a third 33% of males, aged > 50 years, were screened for prostate cancer. Among HCPs aged ≥50 years (n=32), only three were screened for colon cancer. Conclusion Despite the increased incidence of diabetes, breast and colon cancer in Saudi Arabia, HCPs displayed poor knowledge related to screening. The adherence to diabetes screening was good. However, HCPs in a high-risk group displayed poor adherence to screening, specifically for breast, cervical and colon cancer. The medical and cancer screening guidelines should be made available to all HCPs regardless of their specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila A Shaheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaskar
- King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Division of Adult Hematology and SCT, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almuflih
- King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Muhanna
- King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufyan Barrak Alzomia
- King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Hussein
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Hamshari S, Nazzal Z, Altell M, Nanaa I, Jbara R, Sabri R. Mammogram uptake and barriers among Palestinian women attending primary health care in North Palestine. Eur J Gen Pract 2021; 27:264-270. [PMID: 34633262 PMCID: PMC8510586 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2021.1985996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer affects women's lives worldwide, yet early detection is an effective strategy for reducing mortality. The participation of women in mammography screening is linked to their knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers. Objectives Our study aims to assess mammography screening uptake and barriers among women attending primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in northern Palestine. Methods Using an interviewer administered questionnaire, we used a cross-sectional study design to determine mammography screening uptake, knowledge and barriers among 357 women attending PHCs in Northern Palestine between December 2018 and March 2019. Results The mean age was 50 years. The majority (69.2%) were considered to have adequate knowledge about breast cancer and mammography screening. Mammography screening uptake among the participants was 37%. Almost 85% of the women had a positive attitude towards breastfeeding as a prophylaxis factor against breast cancer, while the most frequent barrier to mammography screening was that the participants believed they did not have any symptoms (28.6%), followed by 22.1% of them who did not want to know if they had breast cancer. Conclusion The findings of this study highlighted the low mammography uptake among Palestinian women despite the adequate knowledge of those women and the fully accessible and free screening programme. Hence, interventional strategies should be implemented at several levels to enhance mammogram uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha Hamshari
- Family and Community Medicine Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Zaher Nazzal
- Family and Community Medicine Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mariam Altell
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Israa Nanaa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rawan Jbara
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ruba Sabri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Rastad Z, Kaboudi M, Shiri N. Breast cancer awareness's and attitude among regular health-care users versus irregular in a sample of Kurdish women in the West of Iran. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:316. [PMID: 34667816 PMCID: PMC8459857 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1023_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is universally acknowledged that strengthen the participation rate in breast cancer (BC) screening can find cancer in its earlier stages. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of regular visits to the health centers on women's knowledge and attitude about BC screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, data were collected from 380 women identified with Kurdish background, who were registered in health care centers of Islamabad-e Gharb during January and February 2017. The subjects were divided into two regular and irregular groups based on the quantity of presence in health centers. Data on women's awareness and attitude about BC screening were collected by a trained interviewer using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate analysis, analysis of variance, and independent sample t-test were used to see the mean differences within the groups. The level of confidence was set at 0.05 significant. RESULTS Women were representative of four health-care centers of the city, mainly ≤39 years old (73.9%), married (96.3%), with high school education (44.2%) characteristics. The total mean ± standard deviation of awareness score about BC was 6.03 ± 3.90. In total, 19.2% of participants had poor (<2.13), 64.2% had an average (2.13-9.93), and 16.6% had good (>9.93) awareness about BC. The results showed that the level of knowledge and attitude about BC screening was significantly different between regular and irregular groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION An important message from this study is the need for improved and coordinated BC education for all social classes of women. It is necessary to discover ways to encourage women with academic education to visit health centers regularly during interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rastad
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kaboudi
- Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nematollah Shiri
- Assistant Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship and Rural Development, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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Charaka H, Khalis M, Elfakir S, Huybrechts I, Khazraji YC, Lyoussi B, Soliman AS, Nejjari C. Knowledge, Perceptions, and Satisfaction of Moroccan Women Towards a New Breast Cancer Screening Program in Morocco. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2021; 36:657-663. [PMID: 31873856 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, perceptions, and satisfaction of Moroccan women who resided the Meknes-Tafilalt region regarding a newly implemented breast cancer screening program in the region. The study was conducted in 24 randomly selected health centers from Meknes-Tafilalt region, Morocco. We targeted all women who resided in the region of the program and who met the inclusion criteria to participate in the screening program. Data was collected through a face-to-face questionnaire. In this study, 318 women were included. Results revealed moderate knowledge of breast cancer and the screening program. Most of the participants (90.5%) had heard of the breast cancer screening program. Only 33.6% of women declared that they are well informed about the program. Fear emotions related to breast cancer were reported by 93.1% of participants. About 82% of women accept to repeat a screening test every 2 years. Recommending the breast cancer screening test to their family and friends was stated by nearly 90% of women. The majority of women (94.9%) expressed their satisfaction about the screening test activities provided by health centers. Our results showed a moderate level of knowledge about breast cancer, a very positive attitude, and high overall satisfaction towards the breast cancer screening program in the Meknes-Tafilalt region. These results can guide development of appropriate breast cancer prevention strategies and sensibilisation campaigns in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafida Charaka
- Department of Research and Development, Hassan II University Hospital of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Khalis
- School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Samira Elfakir
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, B.P. 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, 30 000, Fez, Morocco
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Amr S Soliman
- Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, City University of New York, School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- International School of Public health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
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Putri DSR, Makiyah SNN. Factors Affecting Sleep Quality of Breast Cancer Patients with Chemotherapy. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.5816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Poor sleep quality becomes the effect of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
AIM: This study aimed to examine the factors that influence breast cancer patients’ sleep quality undergoing chemotherapy.
METHODS: This research used an observational method with cross-sectional design. There were 26 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Djojonegoro Regional Hospital in Temanggung, Central Java. The characteristics of the respondent are recorded, including the demographic characteristics, respondents’ sleep quality, and the physiological status data of the respondent. The researchers use the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality. Data were analyzed using Kendall’s Tau and Spearman’s rank correlation test and the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation test.
RESULTS: The result showed that breast cancer patients’ sleep quality is classified as poor with PSQI score of 10.96 ± 3.13. The average age of the respondent was 50.08 ± 7.31 years. The major characteristic of the respondent were 80.77% had married, 42.30% had elementary education, 61.54% did not work, and 61.54% had Rp 0, - income. Based on breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, the respondents lived in rice field environment (42.30%), diagnosed with breast cancer <1 year (69.23%), had <1 year chemotherapy (96.15%), had under mastectomy on the left breast (80.76%), and underwent chemotherapy as much as 7.23 ± 4.80 times. Based on sleep quality, the respondents lived with nuclear family (61.54%), had no comorbidities (76.92%), did not consume other drugs (100%), did not consume sleeping pills (80.76%), and used lights during sleep (65.38%). There is a correlation between sleep quality and age and with whom the respondent lives in the same house.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy had poor sleep quality, and the factors related to sleep quality were age and with whom the respondent lived in the same house.
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AlShamlan NA, AlOmar RS, Almukhadhib OY, Algarni SA, Alshaibani AK, Elmaki SA, Al Shammari MA, Sebiany AM. Characteristics of Breast Masses of Female Patients Referred for Diagnostic Breast Ultrasound from a Saudi Primary Health Care Setting. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:755-763. [PMID: 33688246 PMCID: PMC7937368 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s298389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast masses are common among females presenting to primary health care (PHC) facilities. The family physician’s role is crucial in detecting breast disease. Utilization of breast ultrasonography has been increasing recently as a diagnostic tool. Objective This study aims to determine the characteristics of masses detected on breast ultrasound, their associations with characteristics of females attending the PHC setting and explore the management of these cases by family physicians. Methods This registered based, cross-sectional study included 321 females who were referred for diagnostic breast ultrasound in the PHC center of the University hospital, Eastern province, Saudi Arabia (2017–2019). t-test, Chi-squared and Fisher’s Exact tests were performed to assess associations between the presence of breast masses in the ultrasound and patients’ characteristics. Moreover, to compare the breast masses in two groups of patients (< 40 years and ≥ 40 years) regarding their characteristics, ultrasound findings, and further management performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Approximately 24% patients had a breast mass and 70.92% of cases were detected among females ≥ 40 years old. The odds of having a breast mass were highest among overweight, females complaining from a breast lump, and who had early menarche. Grand multiparous had lower odds of a breast mass. Females < 40 years old had higher rates of breastfeeding, increasing parity, and obesity than older females. Sonographic examined masses were larger in young females, and posterior enhancement of the mass was more reported in older. BI-RADs of the masses were not associated with the patient’s age. Conclusion Breast masses were prevalent among females who underwent breast ultrasound. The results support referral for investigation when a female complains of a breast lump. Family physicians have a vital role in encouraging protective behaviors from developing breast masses such as maintaining normal weight and breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf A AlShamlan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S AlOmar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Y Almukhadhib
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A Algarni
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Askar K Alshaibani
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A Elmaki
- Department of Radiology at Family and Community Medicine Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A Al Shammari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Sebiany
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Momenimovahed Z, Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Hassanipour S, Salehiniya H. A review of barriers and facilitators to mammography in Asian women. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1146. [PMID: 33343705 PMCID: PMC7738271 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Asia and one of the major health problems in most countries in the region. Despite extensive advances in treatment, early diagnosis is one of the main methods for increasing the survival rate. It is necessary to evaluate the barriers and facilitators of screening in different societies. This study was conducted to identify the barriers and facilitators of mammography in Asia. Materials and methods To identify the barriers and facilitators of mammography in Asia, a comprehensive search was carried out in databases such as Medline, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus using keywords, including breast cancer, screening, mammography, barriers, facilitators and the names of each Asian country, as well as a combination of these keywords were used to help the search. Full-text, English language and original articles were included in this study. Results In total, 71 articles were entered into the study. The findings of this study revealed various barriers to mammography in Asian women, including knowledge, sociodemographic factors, cost and insurance, cultural factors, belief, attitude and feeling, fear, pain and embarrassment, self-efficacy, religious, psychological factors, time constraint, fatalism, professional recommendations, communication, social support and access. Also, knowledge, attitude and belief, perceived risk, professional and social factors were found to be facilitators of mammography. Conclusion Knowing the barriers and facilitators to access mammography is the first step in the development of a successful screening program. Awareness and various personal, professional and social factors have emerged as the major barriers to access to mammography in most Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Farsi NJ, Al-Wassia R, Merdad L. Do Men and Women in Saudi Arabia Have the Same Level of Awareness and Knowledge of Breast Cancer? A Cross-Sectional Study. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2020; 12:131-139. [PMID: 33116815 PMCID: PMC7549753 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s262544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Context Awareness is important in combating breast cancer, as early detection (through mammograms) and prompt treatment offer the greatest chance of long-term survival. Aims The aim of this study was to assess public knowledge of breast cancer (signs, symptoms, and risk factors) and awareness of screening programs; and compare it among men and women. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among male and female residents of five of the geographic regions of Saudi Arabia from February 2015 to May 2015. Information was collected using a questionnaire, and included sociodemographic data, general knowledge about breast cancer, and awareness of screening programs. Chi-squared test was used to compare the binary knowledge variables (correct/incorrect) between men and women. Logistic regression was utilized to assess predictors of breast cancer knowledge. Results A total of 9691 men and 31,022 women were surveyed. Women had better knowledge regarding breast cancer symptoms than men, except for breast cancer being related to death. Men and women had similar knowledge of breast cancer risk factors; however, more women correctly identified family history (68%), large breast size (46%) as increasing risk, and breastfeeding (60%) as reducing the risk of breast cancer compared to men (56%, 32%, and 47%, respectively). Older age and higher education were related with high breast cancer knowledge, and it was more pronounced among men. Employment was a predictor for better knowledge among women. Participants with no history of breast cancer were less likely to have good breast cancer knowledge compared with those with a family history, (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.5–0.6) and (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.6) among men and women, respectively. More women (24%) than men (19%) knew of breast cancer screening programs, although the awareness was low in both genders. Conclusion Awareness campaigns in Saudi Arabia, especially those aimed at men, remain critical to increase knowledge and change behavior toward early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada J Farsi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rolina Al-Wassia
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Merdad
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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AlJunidel R, Alaqel M, AlQahtani SH, AlOgaiel AM, ALJammaz F, Alshammari S. Using the Health Belief Model to Predict the Uptake of Mammographic Screening Among Saudi Women. Cureus 2020; 12:e11121. [PMID: 33133789 PMCID: PMC7586377 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is known to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths after lung cancer in Saudi Arabia. Early detection using screening methods can improve disease outcomes. In Saudi Arabia, the rates of BC screening are very low although it is a country that provides free healthcare services. This discrepancy between the availability of free healthcare services and women not utilizing these services necessitates an in-depth understanding of the health-related beliefs and barriers towards BC screening among Saudi women. Objective We aimed to use the Health Belief Model (HBM) to predict the uptake of mammographic screening among Saudi women. The secondary objective was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to BC and mammography screening. Research methodology This was an analytical cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of sociodemographic data, family history of BC, general information about BC, and the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). The study was conducted among Saudi women visiting the King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh from September 2018 to February 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics software version 26.00 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results A total of 401 females participated in the study; the median age of the subjects was 49 years [interquartile range (IQR): 43-53 years]. Among them, 69.6% were married and 21.1% had a family history of BC. There was a statistically significant association of younger age, marital status, and a positive family history of BC with women undergoing mammographic screening (p<0.05). Of the participants, 61.6% knew about the warning signs of BC, while only 59.9% were aware of the risk factors associated with it. The binary logistic regression did not show any significant association between CHBMS and mammogram screening. We concluded that the CHBMS components cannot be used in isolation to predict the risk of not undergoing mammogram screening. However, barriers and motivation components along with the knowledge and other factors can be used to predict mammogram screening. Conclusion Among our cohort of Saudi women, 62.1% had general awareness about BC, and younger age, marital status, and positive family history of BC were significantly associated with women undergoing mammography screening. The CHBMS components cannot be used in isolation to predict the risk of not undergoing mammogram screening, while barriers and motivation components along with the knowledge and other factors can be used to predict mammogram screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana AlJunidel
- Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Maram Alaqel
- Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sara H AlQahtani
- Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Areeb M AlOgaiel
- Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Faisal ALJammaz
- Medicine and Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sulaiman Alshammari
- Family and Community Medicine, Colleage of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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The effect of planned training regarding breast self-examination on women’s health beliefs. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.692387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Özkan İ, Taylan S. Barriers to women’s breast cancer screening behaviors in several countries: A meta-synthesis study. Health Care Women Int 2020; 42:1013-1043. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1814777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Özkan
- Kumluca Faculty of Health Sciences, İnternal Medicine Nursing Department, Akdeniz University, Kumluca, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Seçil Taylan
- Kumluca Faculty of Health Sciences, Surgical Nursing Department, Akdeniz University, Kumluca, Antalya, Turkey
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Alawa J, Hamade O, Alayleh A, Fayad L, Khoshnood K. Cancer Awareness and Barriers to Medical Treatment Among Syrian Refugees and Lebanese Citizens in Lebanon. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 35:709-717. [PMID: 30924080 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Syrian conflict has forced over a million refugees into Lebanon, which now faces the challenge of providing healthcare for this large, vulnerable population. Syrian refugees and Lebanese citizens suffer from an immense burden of cancer and encounter many barriers to obtaining healthcare. An increase in cancer awareness could prompt earlier diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to evaluate the level of cancer awareness and barriers to medical treatment among Syrian refugees and Lebanese citizens in Lebanon. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Four hundred seventeen Syrian refugees and 319 Lebanese citizens seeking healthcare in Lebanon completed the Cancer Awareness Measure. The mean age of Syrian refugees and Lebanese citizens was 33.8 years (SD 11.9) and 41.7 years (SD 16.3), respectively. Syrian refugees and Lebanese citizens were only able to recognize a low number of cancer symptoms (mean 4.2 (out of 9), SD 2.4 and 3.9, SD 2.3, respectively) and risk factors (mean 5.1 (out of 11), SD 2.6 and 5.2, SD 2.9, respectively). Barriers to seeking medical care were prevalent. The most commonly reported barrier among both samples was having no medical insurance or funds to cover the cost of treatment (78.9% and 67.7%, respectively). A comprehensive restructuring of the Lebanese healthcare system and a massive influx of resources are required for Syrian refugees and Lebanese citizens to obtain adequate access to cancer treatment. To encourage early diagnosis and treatment, much more work is needed to overcome barriers and enhance knowledge of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Hamade
- Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Amin Alayleh
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Luna Fayad
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Kaveh Khoshnood
- Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Ste 405, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Liu N, Li P, Wang J, Guo PP, Zhang XH, Yang S, Yu L, Zhang XM, Zhang W. Factors influencing breast cancer awareness: a cross-sectional study in China. J Comp Eff Res 2020; 9:679-689. [PMID: 32648473 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to explore the factors that influence breast cancer awareness. Materials & methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January and April 2019 in Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Results: A total of 274 women were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Participants had a moderate level of breast cancer awareness (median = 76.50 [68.75, 84.00]). Women in the action/maintenance stages reported higher breast cancer awareness (p = 0.044). Women's breast cancer awareness was positively associated with high health information literacy level, husbands' higher educational degrees, seeing doctors after detecting abnormal breast changes and living within a short distance from the nearest hospital. Conclusion: History of screening and higher health information literacy levels are important positive factors linked to higher breast cancer awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping-Ping Guo
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhang
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiu-Min Zhang
- School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nursing School, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Al-Azri M, Al-Rubaie K, Al-Ghafri S, Al-Hinai M, Murthi Panchatcharam S. Barriers and Attitudes toward Breast Cancer Screening among Omani Women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1339-1347. [PMID: 32458642 PMCID: PMC7541873 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer accounting for 24.5% of Omani female cancer. Early detection of BC through regular breast cancer screening (BCS) has been found to decrease mortality rates. The aim of this study was to identify knowledge, attitudes and barriers of Omani women toward BCS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Omani women attending the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH). Results: A total of 358 Omani women participated from 420 invited (response rate = 85.2%). Most women (92.1%) thought that BC could be cured if detected early, but less than half (46.8%) thought that they were at risk of BC if a relative had BC. The majority (81.1%) were aware that BCS was available in Oman, though less than half (48.5%) knew where to go for BCS and most (83.8%) had not undergone BCS before. The most common personal-related barriers to BCS were fear of BC diagnosis (40.8%), fear of treatment (52.1%) and embarrassment of the breast examination (46.6%). The most perceived system-related barriers to BCS were the concern over the availability of a male doctor (46.6%) or a non-Arabic speaking doctor (38.7%) and not recommended by the doctor (46.3%). Univariate binary logistic regression showed that attitudes toward BCS were influenced by their previous experiences of BCS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-4.41) and their willingness to participate in the future BCS [OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.14-3.37). Conclusion: Although Omani women showed an interest toward BCS, few had undergone BCS. Several cultural, practical and personal-related barriers were noted to interfere with BCS in Oman. Addressing these concerns through involving healthcare providers to reassure the women and implementing a national strategy of BCS could improve BCS screenings and early diagnosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Azri
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kawther Al-Rubaie
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Shamsa Al-Ghafri
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mustafa Al-Hinai
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sathiya Murthi Panchatcharam
- Research Section, Medical Simulation and Skills Development Centre, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Alsareii SA, Alqahtani SM, Alamri AM, Al-Wadei HH, Al-Ammari SA, Al-Qahtani AM, Abu-Zaid A. Awareness of Breast Cancer among Female Students and Faculty from Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1415-1422. [PMID: 32458650 PMCID: PMC7541878 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy among women in Najran, Saudi Arabia. However, not much is known about the public’s awareness of BC. This study explored the general knowledge, early warning signs, risk factors and sources of information about BC. Methods: An online-based, anonymous, self-rating, cross-sectional and survey-based study was conducted from March-2019 to April-2019. Three-hundred female students and/or faculty from College of Medicine, Najran University (Najran, Saudi Arabia) participated in the study. Results: A total of 232 students (77.3%) and 68 faculty (22.7%) responded to the survey. Our study showed that nulliparity (83.8%) and early menarche before 12 years of age (29.7%) were the most pertinent obstetric risk factors of BC. Conversely, lack of physical activity (66.3%) and family history of BC (18%) were the most substantial non-obstetric risk factors of BC. According to pre-defined criteria, while the surveyed research subjects demonstrated ‘good’ general knowledge about BC (75.3%), they unfavorably exhibited ‘poor’ knowledge about the warning signs of BC (94.3%). The predictors of ‘good’ overall knowledge (general knowledge plus signs knowledge about BC) included age, marital status, educational level and family history (all p<0.05, two-tailed Chi-square test). Apart from the campaigns’ educational materials (43%), the top source of knowledge about BC was internet (33%), whereas the lowest ones were healthcare professionals (11.3%) and training workshops (7.3%). Conclusions: The surveyed research subjects harbored risk factors of BC and demonstrated ‘poor’ knowledge about the warning early signs of BC. We call for rigorous and well-crafted educational campaigns geared toward improving the awareness level of BC among women in Najran province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ali Alsareii
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hajr Hassan Al-Wadei
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Awad Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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Socioeconomic Inequalities in Uptake of Breast Cancer Screening among Saudi Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a National Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062056. [PMID: 32244881 PMCID: PMC7143184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Timely and adequate screening for breast cancer could improve health outcomes and reduce health costs. However, the utilization of free breast cancer screening services among Saudi women is very low. This study aims to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in breast cancer screening among Saudi women. The data of this study were extracted from the nationally representative Saudi Health Interview Survey, conducted in 2013; the study included 2786 Saudi women. Multivariate logistic regression, the concentration curve, and the concentration index were used to examine, illustrate, and quantify income- and education-related inequalities in three outcomes: Knowledge about self-breast examination (SBE), clinical breast examination (CBE) received in the last year, and mammography, that has ever been previously carried out. Results showed a marked socioeconomic gradient in breast cancer screening services. The concentration index by income was 0.229 (SBE), 0.171 (CBE), and 0.163 (mammography). The concentration index by education was 0.292 (SBE), 0.149 (CBE), and 0.138 (mammography). Therefore, knowledge about breast cancer screening, and the utilization of screening services, were more concentrated among richer and better-educated women. Poorer and less educated women had less knowledge about self-breast examination, and had considerably less adherence to clinical breast examination and mammography. The findings are helpful for policy makers to devise and implement strategies to promote equity in breast cancer screening among Saudi women.
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Allohaibi A, Yousef F, Joudah G, Rajab H, Sindi I, Albaik M. Knowledge of Breast Cancer and the Practice of Breast Self-Examination in Saudi Women: An Online Survey. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2021/26763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Al-Zalabani AH. Adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of self-efficacy scale for mammography. A report on psychometric properties. Saudi Med J 2020; 40:707-713. [PMID: 31287132 PMCID: PMC6757206 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.7.23938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To culturally adapt and validate a mammography-specific self-efficacy (MSSE) scale into Arabic for the Saudi Arabian context. Methods: A methodological study aimed at tool translation and adaptation conducted in primary healthcare centers in As Madinah, Saudi Arabia between March 2016 and May 2016. The MSSE scale was translated and adapted into Arabic using standard procedures. Content and face validity were investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were used to determine the scale’s psychometric properties. Results: The scale showed a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.88). The confirmatory factor analysis supported the scale’s single-factor structure and the goodness-of-fit indices confirmed the model’s good fit (comparative fit index=0.961, Tucker-Lewis index=0.943, root-mean-square error of approximation=0.076, and standardized root-mean-square residual=0.045). Women who had a mammogram in the last 2 years scored significantly higher on the scale (39±6.2) than women who had never received a mammogram (35.88±7.2; p=0.009). Conclusion: The study confirmed that the scale’s Arabic version has good psychometric properties, using reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and extreme groups validation. The scale is likely to be useful for evaluating interventional studies aimed at improving mammography screening participation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen Hamdan Al-Zalabani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Alshahrani M, Alhammam SYM, Al Munyif HAS, Alwadei AMA, Alwadei AMA, Alzamanan SSM, Aljohani NSM. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Breast Cancer Screening Methods Among Female Patients in Primary Healthcare Centers in Najran, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:1167-1172. [PMID: 30191519 PMCID: PMC6882780 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-018-1423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast cancer screening methods among female patients attending five primary healthcare centers in Najran, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 500 female patients, and a direct interview questionnaire was used to collect data. Our results indicated a low knowledge about breast cancer, breast self-examination, mammogram and clinical breast examination was 54.4%, 56%, 90.4%, and 83.8%, respectively. Nineteen percent of patients demonstrated a high knowledge of breast self-examination. Breast self-examination was performed by 35% of patients, whereas 15% of patients received mammograms and 19.8% clinical breast examinations. The most common barrier for screening methods of breast cancer was that patients were unaware of half of the screening methods. A total of 20.6% of women did not perform breast self-examinations because they were not well trained, and 26.4% of women did not receive clinical breast examinations because there was no female doctor available. The main source of information among the women patients was social media (52.4%), whereas 8.8% received information through their healthcare provider. In summary, the majority of women demonstrated poor knowledge about breast cancer and screening methods. Additional effort should be put forth through women's healthcare providers to increase the awareness of breast cancer screening. That means we need to continue emphasizing the importance of primary healthcare for early detection of breast cancer in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alshahrani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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Male Partners' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception of Women's Breast Cancer in Abha, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173089. [PMID: 31450695 PMCID: PMC6747163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is ranked as the most frequently diagnosed cancer site among women in Saudi Arabia. Several studies in Saudi Arabia have reported low awareness of BC and significant obstacles to early presentation among Saudi women. A key sociocultural obstacle against breast screening and early detection of BC in several conservative cultures is that men manage women’s choices and activities. The aim of this research is to find out the key background knowledge, attitudes, and related practice among male partners in the city of Abha in relation to women’s BC prevention and means for early detection. Methods: A cross-sectional study targeting husbands aged 20 years or older chosen from the outpatient clinics in the Urban Primary Health Care Centers in Abha City. Through questionnaires, interview data were collected regarding knowledge about BC and wife practices and attitudes towards BC. Results: The study included 832 husbands. The study showed that only 20.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.9–24.1) of husbands had heard about mammography and only 22.1% had heard about breast self-examination among women as a screening test for BC. The most commonly mentioned variations that might occur in relation to BC were size changes (45.6%). The leading source of BC knowledge was from television (48.9%), and the least-mentioned source of information was healthcare workers (22.4%). Husbands mentioned that only 9.3% of wives had been examined before by mammography. In a multivariate logistic regression of male factors associated with wives’ practices and attitudes towards BC, only good knowledge among husbands was a significant factor. Conclusions: The study documented the low level of BC knowledge among male partners. There is an urgent need to pay more consideration to disseminating awareness among men, as they are associates, and they must be armed with proper awareness. There is an urgent demand for establishing a national program and educational campaigns towards BC. Stressing the advantages and access to free mammography is necessary.
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Soliman AA, Khouchani M, Renne EP. Sociocultural Barriers Related to Late-Stage Presentation of Breast Cancer in Morocco. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:735-742. [PMID: 29687185 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-018-1365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer affecting women globally and in Morocco, where more than one fourth of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. This study aimed to investigate sociocultural barriers that contribute to delayed presentation and diagnosis of breast cancer among women in Marrakesh, Morocco. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 breast cancer patients who received care at the CHU Mohammed VI Hospital in Marrakesh to elicit barriers to diagnosis and treatment and ease of access to care. Interviews with breast cancer patients revealed several themes regarding structural and sociocultural barriers to initial diagnosis and treatment. Structural barriers included high treatment-associated costs for patients and their families, burden of transportation to central treatment centers, and limited access to appropriate health care resources. Sociocultural barriers included perceived attack on one's identity associated with breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, influence of the local community, and ideas of faith, spirituality, and conception of death. Findings from this study can help identify areas for improved access and education of patients in order to improve breast cancer diagnostic and treatment efforts and enhance opportunities for early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann A Soliman
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Mouna Khouchani
- Medical Oncology, Mohamed VI University Hospital, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Elisha P Renne
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Alawa J, Alhalabi F, Khoshnood K. Breast Cancer Management Among Refugees and Forcibly Displaced Populations: a Call to Action. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-019-00314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Al Qadire M, Aljezawi M, Al-Shdayfat N. Cancer Awareness and Barriers to Seeking Medical Help Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan: a Baseline Study. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:19-25. [PMID: 28779440 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Refugees in Jordan have an increased burden of cancer due to hard conditions and low income. An increase in awareness of the early signs of cancer could prompt early diagnosis. The current study aims to explore the level of cancer knowledge and barriers to seeking care among Syrian refugees in Jordan. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Two hundred and forty-one Syrian refugees living in the north of Jordan completed the Cancer Awareness Measure. The mean age was 27.9 (SD 9.1) years, ranging from 18 to 47 years. More than half (56%) of the participants were female. Participants were able to recognize a low number of symptoms (mean 4.4, SD 2.3) and risk factors (4.7 (out of 11), SD 1.9). The most commonly reported barrier was having no medical insurance (83.4%). Refugees' knowledge of symptoms and risk factors was generally unsatisfactory. Barriers to seeking medical care were prevalent. Much work is needed to overcome barriers and enhance knowledge that can hinder early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Qadire
- Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O.Box 130040, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan.
| | - Ma'en Aljezawi
- Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O.Box 130040, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan
| | - Noha Al-Shdayfat
- Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, P.O.Box 130040, Mafraq, 25113, Jordan
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Binhussien BF, Ghoraba M. Awareness of breast cancer screening and risk factors among Saudi females at family medicine department in security forces hospital, Riyadh. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 7:1283-1287. [PMID: 30613512 PMCID: PMC6293920 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_286_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe the level of knowledge about breast cancer screening and breast cancer risk factors according to sociodemographic characteristics and to know the most common source of their knowledge among the females participating in this study. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted through distributing validated pretested Arabic questionnaire. The sample are Saudi adult females age 18–55 years attending the Family Medicine Department at Security Forces Hospital for healthcare services or accompanying patients. Results: Of 384 participants, 57% were aware that lump or thickening in the breast could be a sign of breast cancer and 68% knew bleeding or discharge from nipple as a warning sign of breast cancer. Fortunately, 291 women (75.8%) have a good knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, and only 93 women (24.4%) have poor knowledge. Regarding knowledge about the screening of breast cancer, 60.9% knew breast self-examination and clinical breast examination (CBE) are the methods of early detection of breast cancer. About 53.1% of women have heard about CBE. Conclusion: All the participants showed sufficient knowledge about the risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer but insufficient knowledge about screening methods. These findings are encouraging for public awareness about how to screen themselves and guidance to health authorities for developing effective breast healthcare programs in the entire Kingdom for the all-female population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Medhat Ghoraba
- Family Medicine Center, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Wassia RK, Farsi NJ, Merdad LA, Hagi SK. Patterns, knowledge, and barriers of mammography use among women in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2018; 38:913-921. [PMID: 28889149 PMCID: PMC5654025 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.9.20842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess mammography utilization and knowledge, and to determine barriers associated with mammography utilization among Saudi women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 5 main geographic regions of Saudi Arabia from February 2015 to May 2015. The sample comprised women aged ≥40 years. Associations between socio-demographic factors and mammography use were tested using chi-square test. Predictors of mammography use were assessed by logistic regression. Results: A total of 3,245 women were surveyed, with 40% reporting ever having a mammogram. As indicated by the univariable analyses, older age (≥60 years), being single or divorced, having less than 2 children, not completing high school, and having a family history (hx) of breast cancer were significantly associated with never having a mammogram. Participants of older age (odds ratio [OR] 51-60 versus 41-50 = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.7 and OR less than 60 versus 41-50 = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8), and divorced (OR divorced versus married = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.8] were less likely to have had a mammogram, while participants with no family hx of breast cancer (OR no family hx versus family hx = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.3-1.8)were more likely to have had a mammogram. Conclusion: Mammography utilization and knowledge are low in Saudi Arabia. Increasing the awareness of breast cancer screening through educational programs could help women overcome existing barriers and misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolina K Al-Wassia
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Burden of cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2005-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study. Int J Public Health 2018; 63:151-164. [PMID: 28776254 PMCID: PMC5973975 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-0999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) between 2005 and 2015. METHODS Vital registration system and cancer registry data from the EMR region were analyzed for 29 cancer groups in 22 EMR countries using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 methodology. RESULTS In 2015, cancer was responsible for 9.4% of all deaths and 5.1% of all DALYs. It accounted for 722,646 new cases, 379,093 deaths, and 11.7 million DALYs. Between 2005 and 2015, incident cases increased by 46%, deaths by 33%, and DALYs by 31%. The increase in cancer incidence was largely driven by population growth and population aging. Breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia were the most common cancers, while lung, breast, and stomach cancers caused most cancer deaths. CONCLUSIONS Cancer is responsible for a substantial disease burden in the EMR, which is increasing. There is an urgent need to expand cancer prevention, screening, and awareness programs in EMR countries as well as to improve diagnosis, treatment, and palliative care services.
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Al-Khamis NK. Low Awareness of Breast Cancer and Considerable Barriers to Early Presentation Among Saudi Women at a Primary Care Setting. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2018; 33:391-397. [PMID: 27722912 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-016-1119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer is diagnosed at advanced stage compared to Western countries. Nevertheless, the perceived barriers to delayed presentation have been poorly examined. Additionally, available breast cancer awareness data are lacking validated measurement tool. The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of breast cancer awareness and perceived barriers to seeking medical care among Saudi women, using internationally validated tool. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Saudi women attending a primary care center in Riyadh during February 2014. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire based on the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM-breast). Out of 290 women included, 30 % recognized five or more (out of nine) non-lump symptoms of breast cancer, 31 % correctly identified the risky age of breast cancer (set as 50 or 70 years), 28 % reported frequent (at least once a month) breast checking. Considering the three items of the CAM-breast, only 5 % were completely aware while 41 % were completely unaware of breast cancer. The majority (94 %) reported one or more barriers. The most frequently reported barrier was the difficulty of getting a doctor appointment (39 %) followed by worries about the possibility of being diagnosed with breast cancer (31 %) and being too busy to seek medical help (26 %). We are reporting a major gap in breast cancer awareness and several logistic and emotional barriers to seeking medical care among adult Saudi women. The current findings emphasized the critical need for an effective national breast cancer education program to increase public awareness and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Khamis Al-Khamis
- Family and Community Medicine Department, King Khalid University Hospital, P.O. Box 11375, Riyadh, 395540, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Alrashidi AG, Ahmed HG, Alshammeri KJK, Alrashedi SA, ALmutlaq BA, Alshammari FNM, Alshudayyid AAH, Alshammari AAJ, Anazi FMS, Alshammari WM, Alshammari HSA, Alshammari EFH. Knowledge and Perceptions of Common Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Northern Saudi Arabia. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION : APJCP 2017; 18:2755-2761. [PMID: 29072404 PMCID: PMC5747400 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.10.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women around the world. The degree
of adoption of a preventive lifestyle offers valuable information for planning appropriate intervention programs for
improving women’s health. The objective of the present study was to assess the levels of breast cancer related knowledge
among a Northern Saudi population. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, data were obtained from 566 Saudi
volunteers living in the city of Hail, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results: With regard to breast cancer risk
factors, 427/566 (75.4%) of participants answered in the affirmative to whether breast cancer could be inherited. For
early puberty and late menopause, 209/566 (37%) were in agreement with increased risk, for low and delayed child
birth, 261/566 (46%), and for overweight and obesity, 210/566(37%). For the question of whether natural breast feeding
can reduce the risk of breast cancer, only 35/566 (6.2%) said yes. Conclusion: There is a general lack of knowledge
regarding several BC risk factors among the northern Saudi community which necessitates urgent implementation of
educational programs.
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Bazarbashi S, Al Eid H, Minguet J. Cancer Incidence in Saudi Arabia: 2012 Data from the Saudi Cancer Registry. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2437-2444. [PMID: 28952273 PMCID: PMC5720648 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.9.2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In order to most appropriately allocate healthcare and research funding for cancer, it is important to have accurate population-based incidence data. The Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) provides such information, covering the time period from 1994 to the present day. The current report concerns an overview of cancer incidence statistics for Saudi Arabia in 2012. Methods: The SCR collects data from healthcare facilities throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All newly diagnosed cases of cancer are recorded, with information on site and histology. For the present report, age-standardised and age-specific incidence rates (ASR, AIR, respectively) were calculated, with attention to gender-specific and regional differences. Results: The total number of incident cases of cancer identified by the SCR in 2012 was 14,336, with 6,791 (47.5%) among males and 7,545 (52.6%) among females. Of this total, 11,034 cases (76.9%) occurred in patients of Saudi origin. For Saudi males, the overall ASR (inc. all cancer sites) was 78.1 per 100,000 people, while that for females was 86.7. Incidence varied by region, with the Eastern region and Riyadh displaying the highest ASRs for both males and females, and Hail and Jazan displaying the lowest. Incidence varied by gender, with colorectal cancer (13.3%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; 8.4%), and leukaemia (8.2%) being the most common types in males, and breast (25.8%), thyroid (11.7%), and colorectal cancers (9.3%) being the most common in females. Conclusions: This analysis of cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia demonstrated significant differences according to gender, age, and region of the Kingdom. The data should help ensure the most appropriate allocation of resources, with the aim of minimising the healthcare burden associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouki Bazarbashi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Ayran G, Fırat M, Kucukakca G, Cuneydioğlu B, Tahta K, Avcı E. The Effect of Peer Education upon Breast Self-Examination Behaviors and Self-Esteem among University Students. Eur J Breast Health 2017; 13:138-144. [PMID: 28894853 DOI: 10.5152/tjbh.2016.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study was semi-experimentally designed in order to identify the effect of peer education upon breast self-examination (BSE) behaviors and self-esteem among university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was undertaken with 100 female students who studied at Erzincan University. Peer educators were recruited from the 4th year students. The data were collected with a questionnaire form, BSE skill form and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale in two phases one month before and after the BSE peer education. For the data assessment; percentage distributions, frequency, mean, standard deviation and Simple T test were employed. RESULTS The mean age of the participant students was 20.45±1.67 year and all of them were single. It was found that during the first data collection phase, only 16 % of the students performed BSE while during the final data collection phase, the rate of the students performing BSE rose to 77 %. During the first data collection phase, students received a mean score of 2.36±4.13 from BSE skill form while during the last data collection phase they had a mean score of 10.70±3.40 from BSE skill form. When the scores obtained from Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale by the students were examined, it was seen that they received a mean score of 1.20±1.34 during the first data collection phase while they had a mean score of 0.84±1.07 during the final data collection phase. CONCLUSION Although short-term feedback was obtained, it was noted that students' BSE knowledge and skills increased considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsun Ayran
- Department of Nursing, Erzincan University School of Health, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Meryem Fırat
- Department of Nursing, Erzincan University School of Health, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Gulden Kucukakca
- Department of Nursing, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaşi Veli University School of Health, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Beyazıt Cuneydioğlu
- Department of Nursing, Erzincan University School of Health, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Kubra Tahta
- Department of Nursing, Erzincan University School of Health, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Esra Avcı
- Department of Nursing, Erzincan University School of Health, Erzincan, Turkey
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