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Evaluation of dry microwave and hot water blanching on physicochemical, textural, functional and organoleptic properties of Indian gooseberry ( Phyllanthus emblica). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [PMCID: PMC9898692 DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) is a seasonal and highly nutritious fruit with shorter shelf-life and astringent taste limiting its utilization. The enzymatic browning and flavor loss are major concerns which makes pre-processing a crucial step for further processing. In this context, dry microwave blanching (MWB) was explored as an alternative to hot-water (HW) blanching to reduce its nutrition losses particularly ascorbic acid (AA) and makes it easier for removal of seed kernel. This study focused on the effect of MW power level (200–500 W) and blanching time (50–100 s) on AA content, color attributes (L*, a*, b*), and enzymatic inhibition in Indian gooseberry. The optimized MWB conditions were 294 W MW power with 70 s blanching time providing satisfactory enzymatic inhibition (75.47%), and retention of AA (417.70 mg/100 g pulp) and color attributes (L*: 58.42, a*: 4.57, b*: 26.23). As compared to HWB (80 °C, 5 min), MWB showed least AA degradation, higher total phenolic content and softening percent with less total color difference owing to its shorter processing time and dry blanching. Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) demonstrated that raw and MW blanched Indian gooseberries are the most accepted, followed by HW blanched samples. MWB showed better nutrient retention than HWB with easier seed removal showed the application of MW radiation for blanching of other fruits.
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Song Z, Chen T, Wang S, Shen C, Ma Y, Li A, Chen Z, Li Y. Large-scale preparation of five polar polyphenols including three isomers from Phyllanthus emblica Linn. by preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200748. [PMID: 36337042 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The separation of polar compounds is challenging work due to poor retention and insufficient selectivity. In the present study, an efficient strategy for large-scale preparation of five polar polyphenols including three isomers from Phyllanthus emblica Linn has been established by preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography. Macroporous resin column chromatography was used for the enrichment of the polar polyphenols. However, sugar and other ultra-polar impurities were co-washed out with the targets. Liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate/water (1/1, v/v) solvent system was developed to remove the ultra-polar impurities with a clearance rate of 95%. Finally, the targets were introduced to preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography for separation using ethyl acetate/n-butanol/acetic acid/water (2/7/1/10, v/v/v/v) solvent system. As a result, 191 mg of Mucic acid 1,4-lactone 5-O-gallate, 370 mg of β-Glucogallin, 301 mg of Gallic acid, 195 mg of Mucic acid 1,4-lactone 3-O-gallate and 176 mg of Mucic acid 1,4-lactone 2-O-gallate with purity higher than 98% were obtained from 1.5 g of sample. Mucic acid 1,4-lactone 3-O-gallate, Mucic acid 1,4-lactone 3-O-gallate, and Mucic acid 1,4-lactone 2-O-gallate are isomers. The results showed that high-speed counter-current chromatography could be well developed for the separation of polar compounds from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Song
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yumei Ma
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Aijing Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, P. R. China
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Biswas SC, Bora A, Mudoi P, Misra T, Das S. Evaluation of Nutritional Value, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Content of Protium serratum Engl and Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham, Wild Edible Fruits Available in Tripura, a North-Eastern State of India. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666211221155620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Protium serratum Engl (Indian red pear) and Artocarpus chama Buch.-
Ham (wild jackfruit) are typical wild edible fruits that have a wide range of folk medicinal properties.
Objectives:
Our present study deals with the exploration of nutritional value, antioxidant activity,
and total phenolic content present in Protium serratum Engl and Artocarpus chama Buch.-Ham
fruits.
Methods:
The soxhlet apparatus was used to extract crude samples. The quantitative analysis of
the wild edible fruits was broadly done by proximate and ultimate analysis techniques.
Results:
The results showed that the moisture contents in P. serratum and A. chama Buch. are
78.53% and 74.23%, respectively. The obtained ash (8.59%), fiber (3.17%), total sugar (5.495
mg/100g), and fat (0.66%) contents are high in P. serratum. In contrast, A. chama Buch. has a
high content of protein (0.52%). Vitamin C content is higher in P. serratum (550 mg/100g) than
that in A. chama Buch. (350 mg/100g). The result shows that the Ca and Mg contents are higher
in P. serratum compared to A. chama Buch. Indian red pear shows good antioxidant properties
and has high total phenolic content as compared to wild jackfruit and some commercial fruits.
Conclusion:
The study establishes that further investigation must be done to determine the development
of new products, processing, and preservation techniques so that two underutilized
fruits can become a part of our regular dietary habits. By doing so, we can enrich the fruit basket
of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Biswas
- Department of Home Science, Krishi Vigyan KendraKhowai, Chebri, Tripura 799207,India
| | - A. Bora
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur Central University, Assam 784028,India
| | - P. Mudoi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur Central University, Assam 784028,India
| | - T.K. Misra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura 799046,India
| | - S. Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 800005,India
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Abass S, Parveen R, Irfan M, Jan B, Husain SA, Ahmad S. Synergy based extracts of medicinal plants: Future antimicrobials to combat multidrug resistance. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1527-1540. [PMID: 35081888 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220126115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of herbal medicines and supplements in the last thirty years has increased enormously. Herbal medication has demonstrated promising and effective potential against various diseases. Herbal and phytoconstituent medications are gaining popularity globally and many people are adopting herbal remedies to deal with different health issues. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics, due to the development of antimicrobial resistance, poses an unprecedented problem for human civilization. Bacterial infections are difficult to cure because of the propensity of microbes to acquire resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial drugs. New compounds are being explored and quantified for possible antibacterial activity with little or no side effects. Researchers are investigating the range of therapeutic plants mentioned in Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha around the globe. Known and commonly acclaimed global databases such as PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Google Scholar, were searched using different search strings such as Indian medicinal plants, multidrug resistance (MDR), thin layer chromatography (TLC), antimicrobials, and Synergism were used in diverse combinations to reclaim numerous citations associated with this area. Thus, the current review aims to shed a light on the information of medicinal plants as a potential foundation of herbal drugs and elucidate how synergism and TLC bioautography plays a crucial role in finding antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sageer Abass
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Bisma Jan
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Firdous A, Ringø E, Elumalai P. Effects of green tea- and amla extracts on quality and melanosis of Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus, Milne Edwards, 1837) during chilled storage. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Gado DA, Abdalla MA, Ahmed AS, Madikizela B, Nkadimeng SM, Ehlers MM, McGaw LJ. In vitro antibacterial activity of Loxostylis alata extracts and isolated compounds against Salmonella species. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:121. [PMID: 33849505 PMCID: PMC8042679 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to antibiotic resistance, alternative antimicrobials from medicinal plants are receiving attention as leads for anti-infective agents. This study aimed to investigate selected tree species and their constituents for activity against bacterial foodborne pathogens, particularly Salmonella serovars. Methods Antibacterial activity of ten plant species was determined by serial microdilution against bacteria implicated in causing gastrointestinal ailments. Active compounds were isolated from Loxostylis alata using bioassay-guided fractionation. Antioxidant activity was determined using free-radical scavenging assays. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the extracts was ascertained on Vero cells, and using the Ames assay respectively. Results Extracts had low to moderate MIC values from 0.04 to 2.5 mg/mL. Protorhus longifolia and Loxostylis alata were most active and L. alata had the highest selectivity index value (2.51) against Salmonella Typhimurium, as well as high antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity values ranged from 0.02 to 0.47 mg/mL, while tested extracts were not genotoxic. Bioactive compounds isolated from L. alata included delicaflavone and a polymethoxyflavone. Conclusions The Loxostylis alata leaf extract had strong activity against Salmonella serovars but isolated compounds were less active, indicating likely synergistic effects. Extracts of L. alata are promising candidates for development of antimicrobial preparations or food additives against microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas A Gado
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa.,Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenzas and other Transboundary Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Muna Ali Abdalla
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa. .,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, 13314, Khartoum North, Sudan.
| | - Aroke S Ahmed
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Balungile Madikizela
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sanah M Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Marthie M Ehlers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box X323, Arcadia 0007, Pretoria, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
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Nashine S, Kanodia R, Nesburn AB, Soman G, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Nutraceutical effects of Emblica officinalis in age-related macular degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:1177-1188. [PMID: 30792375 PMCID: PMC6402529 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emblica officinalis Gaetrn (i.e., Phyllanthus emblica/ Indian gooseberry/ Amla) (EO) has been used extensively as a nutraceutical in several diseases since it is known to boost immunity and offers numerous health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. The goal of our study was to test the hypothesis that EO will rescue human AMD RPE transmitochondrial cells from mitochondria-induced cellular damage. AMD RPE transmitochondrial cell lines were created by fusion of mitochondria DNA-deficient APRE-19 (Rho0) cells with platelets isolated from AMD patients, and therefore had identical nuclei but differed in mitochondrial DNA content. These AMD RPE cells were treated with EO extract followed by characterization of effects of EO using cellular and molecular assays. Herein, EO significantly improved live cell number and mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress, down-regulated VEGF, and up-regulated PGC-1α. In conclusion, EO improved cellular and mitochondrial health, thereby playing a key cytoprotective role in AMD in vitro. Further studies are required to examine the mechanisms that mediate the cytoprotective effects of EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Raj Kanodia
- Rhinoplasty Surgeon, Dr. Raj Kanodia Medical Group, Beverly Hills, CA 90210, USA
| | - Anthony B Nesburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Girish Soman
- Nisarga Biotech Pvt Ltd, Janai Malai, Satara, Maharashtra, 415004, India
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Sonkar N, Rajoriya D, Chetana R, Venkatesh Murthy K. Effect of cultivars, pretreatment and drying on physicochemical properties of Amla ( Emblica officinalis) gratings. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:980-992. [PMID: 32123419 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Effect of four different cultivars and salt pretreatment on drying of Amla (Emblica officinalis) gratings were studied. Quality attributes namely, ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and colour were evaluated for dried (using Cabinet tray dryer at 55 ± 2 °C for 8 h) and stored (refrigerated, ambient and accelerated condition) samples of four cultivars (Krishna, Kanchan, NA-7 and Chakaiya). Salt pretreated dried samples showed better retention of nutrients and colour as compared to untreated. Retention of ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (IC50 value) in pretreated dried samples were in the range of 79.51-84.89%, 176.5-220.3 mg GAE/g db and 9.48 to 17.74 mg/µl, respectively. Colour retention was also found to be better in salt pretreated samples. Ambient storage condition resulted in higher retention of ascorbic acid and colour compared to accelerated condition. Taking into consideration, the nutritional value of the fresh Amla, ability to retain nutritional value and color during drying and storage, NA-7 cultivar Amla (pretreated with 1% salt, tray dried at 55 °C for 8 h) is the most suitable for preparation of Amla powder. The method developed in the present work is devoid of blanching step and found to be effective in retaining the nutrients during drying and storage and can be employed also for drying of similar fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sonkar
- 1Department of Traditional Food and Sensory Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India.,3Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - Deependra Rajoriya
- 2Department of Technology Scale-up, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India.,3Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - R Chetana
- 1Department of Traditional Food and Sensory Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - K Venkatesh Murthy
- 1Department of Traditional Food and Sensory Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India.,3Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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Emblica officinalis (Amla) with a Particular Focus on Its Antimicrobial Potentials: A Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Effect of processing treatment on nutritional properties and phytochemical contents of aonla ( Emblica officinalis) juice. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:2010-2015. [PMID: 30996435 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate physico-chemical composition and to study the effect of processing on phytochemical contents and nutritional components of anola juice prepared from Banarasi cultivar. Aonla juice pasteurized at 90 °C for 1 min showed better retention of phytochemicals as well as sensory characteristics. Methanol was used as a solvent for extraction of phytochemicals and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was performed to identify and quantify the phytochemical contents in juice extract. The pasteurized juice extract contained gallic acid, ethyl gallate, ellagic acid and quercetin 79.12, 0.29, 112.11 and 1.32 mg/100 g, respectively. Ascorbic acid content in juice extract was 155.04 mg/100 g. The storage study of aonla juice was conducted at refrigeration (4 °C) and ambient condition (25-40 °C).
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