Changes in quality attributes of marine-trawling shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during storage under different deep-frozen temperatures

Effects of cold atmospheric plasma pre-treatment on maintaining the quality of ready-to-eat drunken red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) stored at chilled conditions

This present study investigated the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) pre-treatment on the quality of ready-to-eat drunken red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during chilled storage. The shrimp were pre-treated with the CAP at 40 kV and 36 kH for 100 s in a plasma generating equipment before the drunken treatment and compared with an untreated control sample. The results showed that the CAP pre-treatment significantly inhibited the total viable count (TVC) values, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of the drunken shrimp compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the CAP pre-treatment also significantly maintained the myofibrillar protein (MP) content, texture properties, and a more stable histological structure of muscle fibers compared to the control. High-throughput sequencing results confirmed that the CAP pre-treatment significantly reduced the diversity and abundance of several bacteria in the shrimp. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) analysis detected that the CAP pre-treatment effectively maintained the stability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These findings provide valuable theoretical support for the processing and storage of drunken shrimp.

Coexisting with Ice Crystals: Cryogenic Preservation of Muscle Food─Mechanisms, Challenges, and Cutting-Edge Strategies

Cryopreservation, one of the most effective preservation methods, is essential for maintaining the safety and quality of food. However, there is no denying the fact that the quality of muscle food deteriorates as a result of the unavoidable production of ice. Advancements in cryoregulatory materials and techniques have effectively mitigated the adverse impacts of ice, thereby enhancing the standard of freezing preservation. The first part of this overview explains how ice forms, including the theoretical foundations of nucleation, growth, and recrystallization as well as the key influencing factors that affect each process. Subsequently, the impact of ice formation on the eating quality and nutritional value of muscle food is delineated. A systematic explanation of cutting-edge strategies based on nucleation intervention, growth control, and recrystallization inhibition is offered. These methods include antifreeze proteins, ice-nucleating proteins, antifreeze peptides, natural deep eutectic solvents, polysaccharides, amino acids, and their derivatives. Furthermore, advanced physical techniques such as electrostatic fields, magnetic fields, acoustic fields, liquid nitrogen, and supercooling preservation techniques are expounded upon, which effectively hinder the formation of ice crystals during cryopreservation. The paper outlines the difficulties and potential directions in ice inhibition for effective cryopreservation.

Quality and Shelf Life of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Processed with High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide (HPCD) at Subcritical and Supercritical States

Phase changes of carbon dioxide (supercritical or subcritical) depend on its proximity to a pressure of 7.35 MPa and temperature of 31.1°C. Carbon dioxide becomes supercritical and subcritical when it is above and slightly below its critical point, respectively. This study aims to determine the effect of high-pressure CO2 treatments at a pressure of 900 psi, 950 psi (subcritical), and 1100 psi (supercritical) and at holding times of 5, 10, and 15 min on the quality parameters of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and to determine the shelf life of white shrimp processed with the best treatment. The results showed that the interaction between pressure and holding time had a significant $\left(p<0.05\right)$ effect on cholesterol, protein, moisture content, and $b\ast$ value, but pressure had a significant effect on carotene content. The best treatment was a supercritical CO2 treatment at 1100 psi for 10 min, which was determined based on a significant reduction in the number of microorganisms and no significant changes in color, texture, and fat content were observed compared with control. The best treatment was applied to process shrimps, which were then stored at 4°C to evaluate the effectiveness of scCO2 treatment on the shelf life. No significant changes were found in PV and lipid in treated and scCO2-treated shrimps during storage, but the treatment significantly affected pH, TVBN, and microbial counts. Among the samples, there was no hedonic difference in all sensory attributes. Supercritical CO2 treatment at 1100 psi for 10 min can be an alternative method for preservation of shrimps.

Novel Comprehensive Molecular and Ecological Study Introducing Coastal Mud Shrimp (Solenocera Crassicornis) Recorded at the Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Solenocera crassicornis is a commercially important shrimp of the Solenoceridae family. The current study investigated the morphology, molecular identification, phylogenetic relationships, and population dynamics of S. crassicornis in Egypt. Samples were collected monthly (total, 1722; male = 40.19%, wet weight, 0.89–10.77 g; female = 59.81%, wet weight, 1.55–19.24 g) from Al-Attaka commercial catch in the Gulf of Suez in the Red Sea. Two barcode markers, 18S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), were used for molecular identification. COI partial sequences were used to construct the phylogenetic relationships among different species of genus Solenocera and to infer the origin of the studied Solenocera crassicornis. The applied molecular markers successfully identified the studied species to the species level. The genetic distances among S. crassicornis sequences from different countries revealed the Indo-West Pacific origin of S. crassicornis. The relationship between total length (TL) and total weight (TW) was TW = 0.035TL2.275 and r2 = 0.805 for males and TW = 0.007TL3.036 and r2 = 0.883 for females, indicating that females were heavier than males. Despite its social and economic relevance in the area, information on the hatching, larval rearing, and farming of S. crassicornis is scarce and requires future studies under Egyptian conditions.

Protective Effect of Low Molecular Weight Peptides from Solenocera crassicornis Head against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice via the Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway

The major component of the Solenocera crassicornis head protein hydrolysates-fraction 1 (SCHPs-F1) are low molecular weight peptides (MW < 1 kDa). In this study, we investigated the potential renoprotective effects of SCHPs-F1 in a cyclophosphamide (CTX) toxicity mouse model. In brief, 40 male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and received either saline or 80 mg/kg body weight (BW) CTX by intraperitoneal injection for 5 days, followed by either saline or SCHPs-F1 (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW) by intragastric administration for 15 days. SCHPs-F1 treatment significantly reversed the CTX-induced decreases in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450), as well as the renal histological lesions. Furthermore, the results indicated that SCHPs-F1 potentially alleviated CTX-induced nephrotoxicity through mitigating inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis status of the kidneys, as evidenced by decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ and increased levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Moreover, overexpression of pro-apoptotic proteins pair B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X (Bax)/Bcl-2, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (caspase)-3 and caspase-9 in renal tissues were suppressed by treatment with SCHPs-F1. In addition, the protein levels of the antioxidant factor nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression levels of its downstream target genes heme-oxygenase (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) 1 (NQO-1) were stimulated by treatment with SCHPs-F1 in the CTX-induced renal injury model. Taken together, our data suggested that SCHPs-F1 could provide a novel potential strategy in mitigating the nephrotoxicity caused by CTX.