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Wu K, Feng H, Ma J, Wang B, Feng J, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Li R, Wang J, Yang Z. Prevalence, toxin-typing and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens in sheep with different feeding modes from Gansu and Qinghai provinces, China. Anaerobe 2022; 73:102516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Paeniclostridium sordellii in Hospital Settings. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010038. [PMID: 35052916 PMCID: PMC8772839 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of clostridia strains in a hospital environment in Algeria and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics and biocides. (2) Methods: Five hundred surface samples were collected from surfaces in the intensive care unit and surgical wards in the University Hospital of Tlemcen, Algeria. Bacterial identification was carried out using MALDI-TOF-MS, and then the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antimicrobial agents were determined by the E-test method. P. sordellii toxins were searched by enzymatic and PCR assays. Seven products intended for daily disinfection in the hospitals were tested against Clostridium spp. spore collections. (3) Results: Among 100 isolates, 90 P. sordellii were identified, and all strains were devoid of lethal and hemorrhagic toxin genes. Beta-lactam, linezolid, vancomycin, tigecycline, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol all proved effective against isolated strains. Among all strains tested, the spores of P. sordellii exhibited remarkable resistance to the tested biocides compared to other Clostridium species. The (chlorine-based 0.6%, 30 min), (glutaraldehyde solution 2.5%, 30 min), and (hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid 3%, 15 min) products achieved the required reduction in spores. (4) Conclusions: Our hospital’s current cleaning and disinfection methods need to be optimized to effectively remove spores from caregivers’ hands, equipment, and surfaces.
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He X, Zhou DR, Sun YW, Zhang Y, Zhang XG, Weng YB, Lin RQ. A PCR assay with high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of swine toxoplasmosis based on the GRA14 gene. Vet Parasitol 2021; 299:109566. [PMID: 34509125 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite, can infect all warm-blooded animals. Infected swine are considered one of the most important sources of T. gondii infection in humans. Rapidly and effectively diagnosing T. gondii infection in swine is essential. PCR-based diagnostic tests have been fully developed, and very sensitive and specific PCR is crucial for the diagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis. In this study, we used the T. gondii dense granule protein 14 (GRA14) gene as a target to design specific primers and established a high-specificity and high-sensitivity PCR detection method for swine toxoplasmosis. Notably, this PCR method could detect T. gondii tachyzoite DNA in the acute infection phase. The GRA14 gene PCR assay detected a minimum of 2.35 tachyzoites of T. gondii and can be used for T. gondii detection in blood, tissue, semen, urine and waste feed specimens. A total of 5462 blood specimens collected from pigs in 5 provinces and autonomous regions in southern China during 2016-2017 were assessed by the newly established GRA14 gene PCR method. The overall T. gondii infection rate was 18.9 % (1033/5462). According to the statistical analysis of different regions in China, the positive rates of swine toxoplasmosis from 2016 to 2017 were highest in the Shaanxi, Fujian and Guangdong areas, at 31.7 % (44/139), 21.9 % (86/391) and 18.8 % (874/4645), respectively. Specimens collected in 2017 had a higher positive rate (19.1 %) than those collected in 2016 (16.1 %). In addition, specimens collected in autumn (39.4 %), spring (22.8 %) and winter (18.2 %) had higher positive rates than those collected in summer (3.8 %). These results indicate that the new PCR method based on the T. gondii GRA14 gene has utility for the diagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis and can facilitate the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - De-Rong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Wu Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhang
- Foshan Standard Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528138, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Biao Weng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui-Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Mortazavi SMH, Kaur M, Farahnaky A, Torley PJ, Osborn AM. The pathogenic and spoilage bacteria associated with red meat and application of different approaches of high CO 2 packaging to extend product shelf-life. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1733-1754. [PMID: 34445909 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1968336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
With the fast-global development of packaging techniques, the potential antimicrobial effect of CO2, as a safe, cheap and readily available gas, makes it the integral component for packaging of meat products. The associated spoilage and/or pathogenic bacteria on raw meat may respond in different ways to elevated CO2 concentrations. The growth of some aerobic Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. is significantly inhibited but some LAB bacteria may be allowed to grow faster and dominate the product. The antimicrobial efficacy of enriched CO2 packaging is attributed to the rate of CO2 solubility in the product which is itself affected by the level of headspace CO2, product pH, temperature and the ratio of headspace gas to product (G:P). This review, first, explores the varied range of beef and sheep meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria and the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that may influence the pattern of microbial growth and meat spoilage rate during storage. Then, the antimicrobial mechanism of elevated CO2 packaging will be discussed and the different approaches of achieving enriched CO2 packaging i.e. the traditional technique of flushing a desired gas mixture and/or using the new commercially developed CO2 emitters will then be compared in terms of their strengths, limitations and technical mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Asgar Farahnaky
- Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J Torley
- Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Mark Osborn
- Biosciences and Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Altakhis M, Pillidge CJ, Osborn AM, Torley PJ, Kaur M. Assessment of the potential use of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of bacteria associated with chilled vacuum-packaged lamb meat. Meat Sci 2021; 177:108508. [PMID: 33798992 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this study was to compare the effectiveness of MALDI-TOF MS and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing for the identification of bacteria isolated from VP lamb meat stored chilled at 5 °C for 21 days, at the same time gaining insights into bacterial changes over time. The identity of bacterial isolates on non-selective and selective agars was determined by both methods and results compared. Results showed that total bacterial numbers increased over the 21 days (as expected) with Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas (day 0) being replaced by Carnobacterium, Brochothrix and members of the Enterobacteriaceae family by day 21. A high level of agreement (86-100%) for bacterial isolates' identity at genus level was observed between MALDI-TOF MS and partial 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing for isolates where identification was possible. With its cheaper cost and faster turnaround time, once optimized, MALDI-TOF MS could become a useful alternative to 16S rRNA gene-sequencing for the rapid identification of red meat bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Altakhis
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher J Pillidge
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Mark Osborn
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J Torley
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Wambui J, Püntener S, Corti S, Cernela N, Stephan R. Detection of Psychrophilic Clostridium spp. Causing "Blown Pack" Spoilage in Meat Juice Samples from Chilled Vacuum-Packed Beef and Lamb Meat Imported from Different Countries to Switzerland. J Food Prot 2020; 83:56-59. [PMID: 31825674 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
"Blown pack" spoilage (BPS) of chilled vacuum-packed meat is mainly caused by anaerobic and psychrophilic Clostridium spp., including C. estertheticum, C. gasigenes, C. frigoriphilum, and C. frigidicarnis. Recently, its occurrence has been reported in several countries, especially in internationally traded meat. Therefore, this study aimed at detecting the occurrence of psychrophilic Clostridium spp. causing BPS in meat juice samples (MJS) from chilled vacuum-packed beef and lamb meat imported from other countries to Switzerland. One hundred fifty-four MJS (n = 78 from beef; n = 76 from lamb meat) were screened for psychrophilic Clostridium spp. by quantitative PCR, whereby MJS with a crossing point PCR cycle value <35 and >35 were considered positive and negative, respectively. Psychrophilic Clostridium spp. were detected in 10 MJS, of which 2 were from beef and 8 were from lamb meat. The two beef MJS originated from Spain and Lithuania, whereas the lamb MJS originated from New Zealand (six) and Australia (two). This is the first report of psychrophilic Clostridium spp. in MJS from chilled vacuum-packed beef and lamb meat imported from other countries to Switzerland and provides further evidence that the risk of BPS in lamb meat is higher than in beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wambui
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| | - Sabrina Püntener
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| | - Sabrina Corti
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| | - Nicole Cernela
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-5505 [J.W.])
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Wambui J, Stephan R. Relevant Aspects of Clostridium estertheticum as a Specific Spoilage Organism of Vacuum-Packed Meat. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050142. [PMID: 31137543 PMCID: PMC6560419 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium estertheticum is a psychrotolerant, gram-positive, motile, anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that causes blown pack spoilage (BPS). Spoilage occurs in vacuum-packed meat without temperature abuse. Having been reported in the last 30 years in several countries, BPS by Cl. estertheticum is a major issue around the world and presents a huge economic impact on the meat industry. Despite being an important spoilage microorganism, studies on Cl. estertheticum are challenged by numerous aspects. These include, lack or poor growth in laboratory media, long culturing periods, and unpredictable isolation on the media. These factors hamper the detection of Cl. estertheticum before occurrence of BPS, which further undermines efforts to prevent the occurrence of BPS. Nevertheless, considerable developments have taken place with regard to culture-independent methods. Although information on Cl. estertheticum is available, it is limited and remains highly fragmented. Therefore, this review collates the available information and discusses relevant aspects of Cl. estertheticum as a specific spoilage organism of BPS in vacuum-packed meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wambui
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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