Comparative analysis of unwashed and single washed mince gel from Indian major carps

Impact of feeding biochar sources in rohu (Labeo rohita): Evaluating the growth, nutrient absorption, carcass composition, haematology and mineral status

Biochar, an organic carbonaceous matter, is a unique feed additive that is now being used in aquaculture industry to formulate a cost-effective and eco-friendly diet. This experiment (in door) was conducted over course of 90 days to determine the most effective form of biochar, produced from various sources, for supplementation in Moringa oleifera seed meal-based diet. These sources were: farmyard manure biochar, parthenium biochar (PB), vegetable waste biochar, poultry waste biochar (PWB) and corncob waste biochar, added at 2 g/kg concentration to determine the effect of supplementation on the growth indices, nutrient absorption, carcass composition, haematology and mineral status of Labeo rohita (rohu) fingerlings. The research design consisted of six test diets with three replications (6 × 3) of each. Total of 270 fingerlings (6.30 ± 0.020 g) were fed at 5% body weight and 15 of them were kept in separate steel tanks. The results indicated that PWB was most effective in improving weight gain (285.58 ± 4.54%) and feed conversion ratio (1.060 ± 0.040) compared to control diet and other test diets. The same type of biochar (PWB) produced the best results for nutrient digestibility, that is, crude protein, crude fat and gross energy and carcass composition. In terms of haematology and mineral status, PWB showed the best results. In conclusion, it was found that PWB significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) L. rohita fingerling's growth, carcass composition, nutrient digestibility, haematological parameters (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and haemoglobin) and mineral composition (Ca, Na, P, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, K and Cu) whereas PB negatively affected all parameters. It is anticipated that the potential use of biochar will increase in aquaculture industry, as research on its incorporation in fish feeds is still limited.

Unrinsed Nemipterus virgatus surimi provides more nutrients than rinsed surimi and helps recover immunosuppressed mice treated with cyclophosphamide

BACKGROUND

The rinsing process in the production of surimi can cause the loss of some important nutrients. To investigate the differences in nutritional properties between rinsed surimi (RS) and unrinsed surimi (US), this study compared the elemental composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, proteomics, and an immunosuppression mouse model of surimi before and after rinsing, and analyzed the nutritional and immunological properties of RS and US.

RESULTS

The results showed that the protein, fat, and ash contents of RS were decreased compared with those of US; specifically, the contents of essential amino acids, semi-essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were decreased. In the non-labeled quantitative proteomics analysis, three high-abundance quantifiable protein contents and 68 low-abundance quantifiable protein contents were found in RS (P-values < 0.05, ratio > 2). Immune function experiments in mice revealed that both RS and US contributed to the recovery of immunity in immunocompromised mice. The effect of US was better than that of RS.

CONCLUSION

The rinsing process in surimi processing leads to the loss of nutrients in surimi. US promotes the recovery of immunity in immunocompromised mice more effectively than RS. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Biochar as a feed supplement for nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Catla catla fingerlings

The purpose of the current research was to determine the impact of various biochar supplements on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Catla catla fingerlings fed on Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) based diet. An experiment with 90 days of feeding was conducted to investigate the efficacy of biochar obtained from different sources such as parthenium, farmyard manure, poultry waste, vegetable waste, and corncob waste at 2 mg/kg. There were15 fingerlings in each tank in the triplicate set of tanks. Fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5 % of their live wet weight. From each tank, feces were collected twice daily and stored to determine nutrient digestibility. Results showed that poultry waste biochar (test diet-IV) at 2 mg/kg was the best source to significantly (P < 0.05) improve weight gain % (256.58 %) and feed conversion ratio (1.19) than the other biochar sources and control diet. Furthermore, in terms of nutrient digestibility, optimum fat (81.90 %), protein (75.92 %), and gross energy (74.84 kcalg⁻¹) values were obtained by using the same type of biochar (poultry waste). Conclusively, among all the five biochar sources, poultry waste biochar proved to be the best one, improving fish body performance.