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Vinothkanna A, Dar OI, Liu Z, Jia AQ. Advanced detection tools in food fraud: A systematic review for holistic and rational detection method based on research and patents. Food Chem 2024; 446:138893. [PMID: 38432137 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Modern food chain supply management necessitates the dire need for mitigating food fraud and adulterations. This holistic review addresses different advanced detection technologies coupled with chemometrics to identify various types of adulterated foods. The data on research, patent and systematic review analyses (2018-2023) revealed both destructive and non-destructive methods to demarcate a rational approach for food fraud detection in various countries. These intricate hygiene standards and AI-based technology are also summarized for further prospective research. Chemometrics or AI-based techniques for extensive food fraud detection are demanded. A systematic assessment reveals that various methods to detect food fraud involving multiple substances need to be simple, expeditious, precise, cost-effective, eco-friendly and non-intrusive. The scrutiny resulted in 39 relevant experimental data sets answering key questions. However, additional research is necessitated for an affirmative conclusion in food fraud detection system with modern AI and machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Vinothkanna
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China.
| | - Owias Iqbal Dar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China.
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Sharma S, Goyal P, Devi J, Atri C, Kumar R, Banga SS. Using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the nitrogen levels in the stem and root tissues of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 322:124755. [PMID: 38964023 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Brassica juncea depends heavily on nitrogen (N) fertilizers for growth and accumulation of seed protein. However, it is an inefficient mobilizer of applied N which leads to accumulation of excess N in the soil, posing environmental risks. Hence, it is imperative to systematically examine spatial-temporal pattern of crop N to efficiently manage N application. The Kjeldahl method is commonly used to estimate N status of crops but it is a destructive method that entails the use of perilous and expensive chemicals. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) offers a safe, accurate, and non-destructive alternative for large-scale screening of seed metabolites. Currently, no NIRS model exists to quickly estimate N content in shoots and roots from large germplasm sets in any rapeseed-mustard crop. Developing such a model is essential to breed for enhanced nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). We used 738 shoot and 346 root samples from a B. juncea diversity set to construct the NIRS models. A diverse range of genetic variation in N content was recorded in the stem (0.21-6.61%) and root (0.15-3.04%) tissues of the crop raised on two different N levels (N0 and N100). Modified partial least squares (MPLS) method was employed to establish a regression equation linking reference N values with spectral changes. The developed models exhibited strong associations with reference values, with RSQ values of 0.884 for stem and 0.645 for roots. Furthermore, external validation confirms the reliability of the developed models. The developed models have strong predictive capabilities for rapid and reliable N estimation in various tissues of B. juncea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjula Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Prinka Goyal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Jomika Devi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Chhaya Atri
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - S S Banga
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
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Sitorus A, Lapcharoensuk R. Development of automatic tuning for combined preprocessing and hyperparameters of machine learning and its application to NIR spectral data of coconut milk adulteration. Food Chem 2024; 457:140108. [PMID: 38905832 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
This study proposed a novel approach to automatically select the preprocessing methods and hyperparameters of machine learning (ML) algorithms based on their best performance in cross-validation for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy data. The proposed method simultaneously incorporates single or multiple-preprocessing steps and tunes hyperparameters to determine the best model performance for FT-NIR and Micro-NIR spectral data of coconut milk adulteration with distilled water and mature coconut water in the range of 0%-50%. Computational experiments were conducted using nine single preprocessing types, three types of ML classifier (linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbour (KNN), multilayer perceptron (MLP)) and three types of ML regressor (partial least squares (PLS), KNN, MLP). The proposed performance strategy effectively addressed and produced satisfactory outcomes for classification and regression challenges in coconut milk adulteration. Finally, the results demonstrated that the proposed approach can more accurately determine the best model, particularly for NIR spectroscopy of coconut milk adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustami Sitorus
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | - Ravipat Lapcharoensuk
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
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John R, Bartwal A, Jeyaseelan C, Sharma P, Ananthan R, Singh AK, Singh M, Gayacharan, Rana JC, Bhardwaj R. Rice bean-adzuki bean multitrait near infrared reflectance spectroscopy prediction model: a rapid mining tool for trait-specific germplasm. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1224955. [PMID: 38162522 PMCID: PMC10757333 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1224955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present era of climate change, underutilized crops such as rice beans and adzuki beans are gaining prominence to ensure food security due to their inherent potential to withstand extreme conditions and high nutritional value. These legumes are bestowed with higher nutritional attributes such as protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals than other major legumes of the Vigna family. With the typical nutrient evaluation methods being expensive and time-consuming, non-invasive techniques such as near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics have emerged as a better alternative. The present study aims to develop a combined NIRS prediction model for rice bean and adzuki bean flour samples to estimate total starch, protein, fat, sugars, phytate, dietary fiber, anthocyanin, minerals, and RGB value. We chose 20 morphometrically diverse accessions in each crop, of which fifteen were selected as the training set and five for validation of the NIRS prediction model. Each trait required a unique combination of derivatives, gaps, smoothening, and scatter correction techniques. The best-fit models were selected based on high RSQ and RPD values. High RSQ values of >0.9 were achieved for most of the studied parameters, indicating high-accuracy models except for minerals, fat, and phenol, which obtained RSQ <0.6 for the validation set. The generated models would facilitate the rapid nutritional exploitation of underutilized pulses such as adzuki and rice beans, showcasing their considerable potential to be functional foods for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal John
- Amity Institute of Applied Science, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Arti Bartwal
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Paras Sharma
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - R Ananthan
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohar Singh
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayacharan
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - Jai Chand Rana
- The Alliance of Bioversity International & CIAT – India Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- Germplasm Evaluation Division, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
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Chai Y, Yu Y, Zhu H, Li Z, Dong H, Yang H. Identification of common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) adulterated in Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) flour based on near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100573. [PMID: 37650007 PMCID: PMC10463190 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) presents great potential in the identification of food adulteration due to its advantages of nondestructive, simple, and easy to operate. In this paper, a method based on NIRS and chemometrics was proposed to predict the content of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) flour in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) flour. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR) models were used to analyze the spectrum data of adulterated samples and predict the adulteration level. Various preprocessing methods, parameter-optimization methods, and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) wavelength-selection methods were used to optimize the model prediction accuracy. The results of PLSR and SVR modeling for predicting of Tartary buckwheat adulteration content were satisfactory, and the correlation coefficients of the optimum identification models were above 0.99. In conclusion, the combinations of NIRS and chemometrics indicated excellent predictive performance and applicability to analyze the adulteration of common buckwheat flour in Tartary buckwheat flour. This work provides a promising method to identify the adulteration of Tartary buckwheat flour and results obtained can give theoretical and data support for adulteration identification of agro-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Chai
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Zhanming Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Liyang Tianmu Lake Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Liyang, 213333, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang, 312000, China
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