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Wang L, Li C, Luo Y, Ren L, Lv N, Zhou JJ, Wang S. Mongolian pine forest decline by the combinatory effect of European woodwasp and plant pathogenic fungi. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19643. [PMID: 34608198 PMCID: PMC8490441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the decline of Mongolian pine woodlands and fungal communities and invasive pests in northeastern China are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the fungal communities occurring in three tree samples: the woodwasp Sirex noctilio infested, healthy uninfested and unhealthy uninfested Mongolian pine trees. We analyzed the relationships of the Mongolian pine decline with fungal infection and woodwasp infestation. Twenty-six fungal species were identified from the sampled trees. Each tree sample harbored a fungal endophyte community with a unique structure. Pathogenic fungi richness was four times higher in infested and unhealthy un-infested trees compared to that in healthy uninfested trees. Sphaeropsis sapinea was the most dominant pathogenic fungus in the sampled Mongolian pine trees. The number of S. noctilio was higher than native bark beetles in the declining Mongolian pine trees. The invasion of the woodwasp appeared to be promoted by the fungal infection in the Mongolian pine trees. The incidence of S. noctilio infestation was higher in the fungi infected trees (83.22%) than those without infection (38.72%). S. sapinea population exhibited positive associations with within-tree colonization of S. noctilio and bark beetle. Collectively, these data indicate that the fungal disease may have caused as the initial reason the decline of the Mongolian pine trees, and also provided convenient conditions for the successful colonization of the woodwasp. The woodwasps attack the Mongolian pine trees infected by fungi and accelerated its decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Wang
- grid.411734.40000 0004 1798 5176Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Chunchun Li
- grid.411734.40000 0004 1798 5176Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Youqing Luo
- grid.66741.320000 0001 1456 856XBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China ,Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Lili Ren
- grid.66741.320000 0001 1456 856XBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China ,Sino-France Joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Ning Lv
- grid.411734.40000 0004 1798 5176Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- grid.411734.40000 0004 1798 5176Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China ,grid.66741.320000 0001 1456 856XBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China ,grid.443382.a0000 0004 1804 268XState Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Senshan Wang
- grid.411734.40000 0004 1798 5176Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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Flores-Torres G, Solis-Hernández AP, Vela-Correa G, Rodríguez-Tovar AV, Cano-Flores O, Castellanos-Moguel J, Pérez NO, Chimal-Hernández A, Moreno-Espíndola IP, Salas-Luévano MÁ, Chávez-Vergara BM, Rivera-Becerril F. Pioneer plant species and fungal root endophytes in metal-polluted tailings deposited near human populations and agricultural areas in Northern Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55072-55088. [PMID: 34125383 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of industrial mining activity, high volumes of tailings are scattered around Mexico. Frequently, tailings contain heavy metals (HM) which entail threats against all organisms. The aim of this research was to identify plants and root fungal endophytes in polymetallic polluted tailings with the potential to be used in strategies of bioremediation. Four deposits of mine wastes, situated in a semi-arid region near urban and semi-urban populations, and agricultural areas, were studied. The physical and chemical characteristics of substrates, accumulation of HM in plant tissues, root colonization between arbuscular mycorrizal (AMF) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) fungi, and the identification of DSE fungi isolated from the roots of two plant species were studied. Substrates from all four sites exhibited extreme conditions: high levels in sand; low water retention; poor levels in available phosphorus and nitrogen content; and potentially toxic levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). The native plants Lupinus campestris, Tagetes lunulata, and Cerdia congestiflora, as well as the exotic Cortaderia selloana and Asphodelus fistulosus, demonstrated a relevant potential role in the phytostabilization and/or phytoextraction of Pb, Cd, and Zn, according to the accumulation of metal in roots and translocation to shoots. Roots of eleven analyzed plant species were differentially co-colonized between AMF and DSE fungi; the presence of arbuscules and microsclerotia suggested an active physiological interaction. Fourteen DSE fungi were isolated from the inner area of roots of T. lunulata and Pennisetum villosum; molecular identification revealed the predominance of Alternaria and other Pleosporales. The use of native DSE fungi could reinforce the establishment of plants for biological reclamation of mine waste in semi-arid climate. Efforts are needed in order to accelerate a vegetation practice of mine wastes under study, which can reduce, in turn, their potential ecotoxicological impact on organisms, human populations, and agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Flores-Torres
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gilberto Vela-Correa
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aída Verónica Rodríguez-Tovar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Cano-Flores
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Judith Castellanos-Moguel
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Aurora Chimal-Hernández
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Pável Moreno-Espíndola
- Departamento Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Bruno Manuel Chávez-Vergara
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Facundo Rivera-Becerril
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Zhang XG, Guo SJ, Wang WN, Wei GX, Ma GY, Ma XD. Diversity and Bioactivity of Endophytes From Angelica sinensis in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1489. [PMID: 33013716 PMCID: PMC7461802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant seeds are not merely reproductive organs, they are also carriers of microorganism, particularly, inherent and non-invasive characteristic endophytes in host plant. Therefore, in this study, the endophytic diversity of Angelica seeds was studied and compared with endophytes isolated from healthy leaves, stems, roots, and seeds of A. sinensis using 20 different media. The metabolites of endophytic strains were evaluated with six different methods for their antioxidant activity and the paper disc diffusion method for antimicrobial activities. As a result, 226 endophytes were isolated. Compared with the biodiversity and abundance of uncultured fungi from Angelica seed, the result showed that the most frequent endophytic fungi were Alternaria sp. as seen in artificial media; moreover, compared with artificial media, the pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium sp. and Pseudallescheria sp., were not found from the Angelica seed, the results suggested it may not be inherent endophytes in plants. In addition, bacteria from seven phyla were identified by high-throughput sequencing, while five phyla of endophytic bacteria were not isolated on artificial media including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Microgenomates, and Saccharibacteria. Furthermore, the sample JH-4 mycelium displayed the best antioxidant activity, and the active constituent may be a flavonoid as determined by total phenol and flavonoid content. Moreover, YH-12-1 mycelium had strong inhibitory activity against the five tested strains and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae was found to be 25 μg/mL. Our results confirm that plant endophytes are rich in biodiversity and contain important resource of many uncultured microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Si-Jia Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Wen-Na Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Guo-Xing Wei
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Guo-Yan Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in New Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
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Wei H, Ding S, Qiao Z, Su Y, Xie B. Insights into factors driving the transmission of antibiotic resistance from sludge compost-amended soil to vegetables under cadmium stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138990. [PMID: 32380328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sludge compost is often used as a fertilizer for crops, although it might be enriched with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metals that cannot be removed through composting. A robust understanding of the factors affecting the transmission of ARGs to vegetables grown in soils treated with sludge products is lacking. In this study, target ARGs in the bulk and rhizosphere soils and endophytes of shallots under heavy metal stress (i.e., Cd) were assessed, and the factors driving the transmission of ARGs were identified. Cd stress resulted in an increase in the relative abundances of target ARGs in the bulk and rhizosphere soils and endophytes. The driving factors were different in soils and plants under different degrees of Cd stress. The fungal community composition was the main driving factor of ARG variation in both bulk and rhizosphere soils. Moreover, endophytic bacteria played a crucial role in transferring ARGs to plants. Higher Cd stress promoted the transfer of most target ARGs from the below-ground plant parts to the above-ground parts. These findings indicate that application of sludge contaminated with heavy metals, such as Cd, can facilitate the dissemination of ARGs into vegetables, which must be considered while assessing the risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sheng Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ziru Qiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Domka AM, Rozpaądek P, Turnau K. Are Fungal Endophytes Merely Mycorrhizal Copycats? The Role of Fungal Endophytes in the Adaptation of Plants to Metal Toxicity. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:371. [PMID: 30930857 PMCID: PMC6428775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of soil with toxic metals is a worldwide problem, resulting in the disruption of plant vegetation and subsequent crop production. Thus, remediation techniques for contaminated soil and water remain a constant interest of researchers. Phytoremediation, which utilizes plants to remove or stabilize contaminants, is perceived to be a promising strategy. However, phytoremediation's use to date is limited because of constraints associated with such factors as slow plant growth rates or metal toxicity. Microbial-assisted phytoremediation serves as an alternative solution, since the impact of the microbial symbionts on plant growth and stress tolerance has frequently been described. Endophytic fungi occur in almost every plant in the natural environment and contribute to plant growth and tolerance to environmental stress conditions. Although this group of symbiotic fungi was found to form association with a wide range of hosts, including the non-mycorrhizal Brassicaceae metallophytes, their role in the response of plants to metal toxicity has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of endophytic fungi in the tolerance of plants to toxic metals and highlights the similarities and differences between this group of symbiotic fungi and mycorrhizal associations in terms of the survival of the plant during heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Rozpaądek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Sutcliffe B, Chariton AA, Harford AJ, Hose GC, Greenfield P, Midgley DJ, Paulsen IT. Diverse fungal lineages in subtropical ponds are altered by sediment-bound copper. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ważny R, Rozpądek P, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Śliwa M, Stojakowska A, Anielska T, Turnau K. Does co-inoculation of Lactuca serriola with endophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve plant growth in a polluted environment? MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:235-246. [PMID: 29359253 PMCID: PMC5851704 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of polluted sites can be improved by co-inoculation with mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. In this study, the effects of single- and co-inoculation of Lactuca serriola with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Rhizoglomus intraradices, and endophytic fungi, Mucor sp. or Trichoderma asperellum, on plant growth, vitality, toxic metal accumulation, sesquiterpene lactone production and flavonoid concentration in the presence of toxic metals were evaluated. Inoculation with the AM fungus increased biomass yield of the plants grown on non-polluted and polluted substrate. Co-inoculation with the AM fungus and Mucor sp. resulted in increased biomass yield of plants cultivated on the polluted substrate, whereas co-inoculation with T. asperellum and the AM fungus increased plant biomass on the non-polluted substrate. In the presence of Mucor sp., mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule richness were increased in the non-polluted substrate. Co-inoculation with the AM fungus and Mucor sp. increased Zn concentration in leaves and roots. The concentration of sesquiterpene lactones in plant leaves was decreased by AM fungus inoculation in both substrates. Despite enhanced host plant costs caused by maintaining symbiosis with numerous microorganisms, interaction of wild lettuce with both mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi was more beneficial than that with a single fungus. The study shows the potential of double inoculation in unfavourable environments, including agricultural areas and toxic metal-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman J Jędrzejczyk
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Śliwa
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Stojakowska
- Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Teresa Anielska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Pietro-Souza W, Mello IS, Vendruscullo SJ, da Silva GF, da Cunha CN, White JF, Soares MA. Endophytic fungal communities of Polygonum acuminatum and Aeschynomene fluminensis are influenced by soil mercury contamination. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182017. [PMID: 28742846 PMCID: PMC5526616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungal communities of Polygonum acuminatum and Aeschynomene fluminensis were examined with respect to soil mercury (Hg) contamination. Plants were collected in places with and without Hg+2 for isolation and identification of their endophytic root fungi. We evaluated frequency of colonization, number of isolates and richness, indices of diversity and similarity, functional traits (hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, indoleacetic acid, antibiosis and metal tolerance) and growth promotion of Aeschynomene fluminensis inoculated with endophytic fungi on soil with mercury. The frequency of colonization, structure and community function, as well as the abundant distribution of taxa of endophytic fungi were influenced by mercury contamination, with higher endophytic fungi in hosts in soil with mercury. The presence or absence of mercury in the soil changes the profile of the functional characteristics of the endophytic fungal community. On the other hand, tolerance of lineages to multiple metals is not associated with contamination. A. fluminensis depends on its endophytic fungi, since plants free of endophytic fungi grew less than expected due to mercury toxicity. In contrast plants containing certain endophytic fungi showed good growth in soil containing mercury, even exceeding growth of plants cultivated in soil without mercury. The data obtained confirm the hypothesis that soil contamination by mercury alters community structure of root endophytic fungi in terms of composition, abundance and species richness. The inoculation of A. fluminensis with certain strains of stress tolerant endophytic fungi contribute to colonization and establishment of the host and may be used in processes that aim to improve phytoremediation of soils with toxic concentrations of mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Pietro-Souza
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ivani Souza Mello
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cátia Nunes da Cunha
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - James Francis White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | - Marcos Antônio Soares
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Wężowicz K, Rozpądek P, Turnau K. Interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi improve seedling survival and growth in post-mining waste. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:499-511. [PMID: 28317065 PMCID: PMC5486607 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of fungal endophytes and the modulating role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the vitality of Verbascum lychnitis, grown in the laboratory in a substratum from a post-mining waste dump was investigated. We report that inoculation with a single endophyte negatively affected the survival rate and biomass production of most of the plant-endophyte consortia examined. The introduction of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi into this setup (dual inoculation) had a beneficial effect on both biomass yield and survivability. V. lychnitis co-inoculated with AMF and Cochliobolus sativus, Diaporthe sp., and Phoma exigua var. exigua yielded the highest biomass, exceeding the growth rate of both non-inoculated and AMF plants. AMF significantly improved the photosynthesis rates of the plant-endophyte consortia, which were negatively affected by inoculation with single endophytes. The abundance of PsbC, a photosystem II core protein previously shown to be upregulated in plants colonized by Epichloe typhina, exhibited a significant increase when the negative effect of the fungal endophyte was attenuated by AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wężowicz
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Morina F, Jovanović L, Prokić L, Veljović-Jovanović S, Smith JAC. Physiological basis of differential zinc and copper tolerance of Verbascum populations from metal-contaminated and uncontaminated areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10005-20. [PMID: 26865485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination represents a strong selective pressure favoring tolerant genotypes and leading to differentiation between plant populations. We investigated the adaptive capacity of early-colonizer species of Verbascum recently exposed to Zn- and Cu-contaminated soils (10-20 years). Two Verbascum thapsus L. populations from uncontaminated sites (NMET1, NMET2), one V. thapsus from a zinc-contaminated site (MET1), and a Verbascum lychnitis population from an open-cast copper mine (MET2) were exposed to elevated Zn or Cu in hydroponic culture under glasshouse conditions. MET populations showed considerably higher tolerance to both Zn and Cu than NMET populations as assessed by measurements of growth and net photosynthesis, yet they accumulated higher tissue Zn concentrations in the shoot. Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration increased with Zn and Cu treatment in the NMET populations, which was correlated to stomatal closure, decrease of net photosynthesis, and nutritional imbalance, indicative of interference with xylem loading and divalent-cation homeostasis. At the cellular level, the sensitivity of NMET2 to Zn and Cu was reflected in significant metal-induced ROS accumulation and ion leakage from roots as well as strong induction of peroxidase activity (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), while Zn had no significant effect on ABA concentration and POD activity in MET1. Interestingly, MET2 had constitutively higher root ABA concentration and POD activity. We propose that ABA distribution between shoots and roots could represent an adaptive mechanism for maintaining low ABA levels and unaffected stomatal conductance. The results show that metal tolerance can occur in Verbascum populations after relatively short time of exposure to metal-contaminated soil, indicating their potential use for phytostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filis Morina
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Ljiljana Prokić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Veljović-Jovanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Viseslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia
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