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El Baakili A, Fadil M, Guaouguaou FE, Missbah El Idrissi M, Taghzouti K, Jeddi M, Fikri-Benbrahim K, Es-Safi NE. Unveiling the phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, acute toxicity insight and analgesic effect of Retama dasycarpa stems: An unexplored endemic plant from Morocco. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37429. [PMID: 39309869 PMCID: PMC11415678 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Retama dasycarpa is an endemic shrubby leguminous plant of Morocco used in traditional folk medicine. The plant has never been studied for either its phytochemical or pharmacological properties. This study represents the first investigation of the phytochemical profile as well as the antioxidant, the antibacterial, the analgesic effects and the oral acute toxicity of Retama dasycarpa. Watery and hydromethanolic stems plant macerates have been investigated. Secondary metabolites quantitative analysis was achieved through spectrophotometric techniques. Antioxidant effect was explored through DPPH, ABTS and FRAP trials. Antibacterial activity was investigated using a micro-plates dilution assay. Analgesic activity was explored through acetic acid-induced writhing and tail-flick methods. Acute oral toxicity was investigated on mice. Phytochemical analysis was achieved through UHPLC connected to diode array and mass spectrometry detectors. The obtained results showed significant contents in total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins in both extracts especially the hydromethanolic extract whose contents were slighlty higher than the aqueous one resulting in a remarkable antioxidant activity. Compared to the aqueous extract, the H2O:MeOH (1:1) one showed notable antibacterial activity against the tested strains. The acute toxicity in mice revealed the non-toxicity of the extracts along with a promised starting material of central and peripheral analgesics. The UHPLC analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive phytochemicals pertaining to phenolic acids, flavonols, flavones and isoflavones. The obtained results demonstrate the richness of this endemic and unexplored plant in terms of bioactive compounds and their associated activities, making it a promising source of pharmacological ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafaf El Baakili
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouhcine Fadil
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Road of Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Ezzahrae Guaouguaou
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Missbah El Idrissi
- Centre de Biotechnologies Végétales et Microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, 10080, Morocco
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Research Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Jeddi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Imouzzer Road, Fez, Morocco
| | - Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Imouzzer Road, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nour Eddine Es-Safi
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
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Benrazzouk K, Ouhaddou S, Nazzaro M, Fratianni F, Bekkouche K, De Tommasi N, Markouk M, Larhsini M, Caputo L, De Feo V, Polito F. Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic and Antibiofilm Activity of the Essential Oils of Two Moroccan Retama Species. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400756. [PMID: 38847466 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
This study reports chemical composition, phytotoxic and antibiofilm activities of essential oils (EOs) of R. dasycarpa and R. sphaerocarpa from Morocco. EOs were analyzed by GC/MS and their phytotoxicities were evaluated against germination and seedling growth of Lolium multiflorum, Sinapis alba and Raphanus sativus. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities were studied against Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes). Both EOs were abundant in oxygenated monoterpenes (40.01% and 23.57 %, respectively). Carvacrol is the predominant component in R. dasycarpa EO (17.80 %), and it also represents an appreciable amount in R. sphaerocarpa (8.96 %). R. sphaerocarpa showed total inhibition at high doses against all seeds. S. alba seeds were the most sensitive to all EOs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values indicated significant inhibition for R. sphaerocarpa, between 24 and 30 μg/mL, with a remarkable antibacterial potential and biofilm formation inhibition. R. sphaerocarpa EO showed significant biofilm inhibition with variable efficacy depending on the strain and concentration, except for S. aureus. R. dasycarpa exhibited activity against all bacterial strains and effect on metabolism with activity also on mature biofilms. Results suggest that Retama EOs could have potential applications in the fields of food and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Benrazzouk
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - S Ouhaddou
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - M Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, ISA-CNR, via Roma, 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - F Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, ISA-CNR, via Roma, 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - K Bekkouche
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - N De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - M Markouk
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - M Larhsini
- Laboratory of Agri-Food, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Plant Resources, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - L Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - V De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - F Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
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Yang G, Jiang L, Li W, Li E, Lv G. Structural Characteristics and Assembly Mechanisms of Soil Microbial Communities under Water-Salt Gradients in Arid Regions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041060. [PMID: 37110483 PMCID: PMC10142023 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the structural characteristics of arid soil microbial communities and their assembly mechanisms is important for understanding the ecological characteristics of arid zone soils and promoting ecological restoration. In this study, we used Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology to study soils in the arid zone of the Lake Ebinur basin, determined the differences among soil microbial community structures in the study area under different water-salt gradients, and investigated the effects of environmental factors on microbial community structure and assembly mechanisms. The results show the following: the microbial community alpha diversity exhibited a significantly higher low water-salt gradient (L) than high water-salt gradient (H) and medium water-salt gradient (M). The pH was most strongly correlated with soil microbial community structure, where the alpha diversity indices of the bacterial community and fungal community were significantly negatively correlated with pH, and the Bray-Curtis distance of bacterial community was significantly positively correlated with pH (p < 0.05). The complexity of bacterial community co-occurrence networks showed a significantly higher L than H and M, and the complexity of fungal community co-occurrence network showed a significantly lower L than H and M. The cooperative relationship of H and M in the co-occurrence networks was stronger than that of the L, and the key species of the microbial co-occurrence network were different under different water-salt gradients. Stochastic processes dominated the assembly mechanism of the microbial community structure of soil, and the explanation rates of deterministic and stochastic processes were different under different water-salt gradients, with the highest explanation rate of stochastic processes on the L accounting for more than 90%. In summary, the soil microbial community structure and assembly mechanisms significantly differed across water-salt gradients, and these findings can help provide a reference for further research on soil microbiology in arid zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- College of the Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Lamei Jiang
- College of the Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of the Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Eryang Li
- College of the Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- College of the Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education Ministry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Phylogenetic and symbiotic diversity of Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius microsymbionts in the maamora forest, morocco. Syst Appl Microbiol 2022; 45:126338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2022.126338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu SY, Wang QQ, Lei YH, Wang SS, Chen KL, Li Y, Xiong J, Liang XJ, Zhou X, Li YK, Sun YF. Elucidating the interaction of rhizosphere bacteria and environmental factors in influencing active ingredient content of Lycium barbarum fruit in China. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3783-3796. [PMID: 35191572 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to compare the differences in the bacterial community structure of L. barbarum rhizosphere and elucidate the contribution of rhizosphere bacteria to the active ingredients of L. barbarum fruit. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigated the soil and meteorological characteristics of L. barbarum rhizosphere during three growth stages across three production regions of China. High-throughput sequencing showed significant differences in the bacterial community diversity of L. barbarum rhizosphere across the three production regions, and norank_o_Gaiellales, norank_f_Anaerolineaceae, and norank_f_AKYG1722 were the highest in Ningxia. In addition, regression and path analysis revealed that pH, norank_o_Gaiellales, and norank_f_AKYG1722 significantly promoted the accumulation of total sugar and flavonoids in L. barbarum fruit directly or indirectly. Soil organic matter (SOM), norank_f_Anaerolineaceae, and humidity significantly promoted the accumulation of betaine. The average temperature during the growth stages, norank_f_AKYG1722, and norank_o_Gaiellales promoted the accumulation of polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between rhizosphere bacteria and environmental factors promoted the accumulation of active ingredients in L. barbarum fruits. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our results provided insights to improve the quality of L. barbarum fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qi Qi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong Hui Lei
- Department of Plant protection, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sai Sai Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kai Li Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiao Jie Liang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Institute of Wolfberry Engineer Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Institute of Wolfberry Engineer Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yue Kun Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.,Institute of Wolfberry Engineer Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Fei Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Lamin H, Alami S, Lamrabet M, Bouhnik O, Bennis M, Abdelmoumen H, Bedmar EJ, Missbah-El Idrissi M. Bradyrhizobium sp. sv. retamae nodulates Retama monosperma grown in a lead and zinc mine tailings in Eastern Morocco. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:639-649. [PMID: 33447935 PMCID: PMC8105474 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterize and identify some bacteria isolated from the root nodules of Retama monosperma grown in Sidi Boubker lead and zinc mine tailings. Very few root nodules were obtained on the root nodules of R. monosperma grown in these soils. The three bacteria isolated from the root nodules were tolerant in vitro to different concentrations of heavy metals, including lead and zinc. The rep-PCR experiments showed that the three isolates have different molecular fingerprints and were considered as three different strains. The analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences proved their affiliation to the genus Bradyrhizobium. The analysis and phylogeny of the housekeeping genes atpD, glnII, gyrB, recA, and rpoB confirmed that the closest species was B. valentinum with similarity percentages of 95.61 to 95.82%. The three isolates recovered from the root nodules were slow-growing rhizobia capable to renodulate their original host plant in the presence of Pb-acetate. They were able to nodulate R. sphaerocarpa and Lupinus luteus also but not Glycine max or Phaseolus vulgaris. The phylogeny of the nodA and nodC nodulation genes as well as the nifH gene of the three strains showed that they belong to the symbiovar retamae of the genus Bradyrhizobium. The three strains isolated could be considered for use as inoculum for Retama plants before use in phytoremediation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Lamin
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soufiane Alami
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouad Lamrabet
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Omar Bouhnik
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryeme Bennis
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanaa Abdelmoumen
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Eulogio J Bedmar
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-419, 18080, Granada, Spain
| | - Mustapha Missbah-El Idrissi
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco.
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Alami S, Lamin H, Bennis M, Bouhnik O, Lamrabet M, El Hachimi ML, Abdelmoumen H, Bedmar EJ, Missbah El Idrissi M. Characterization of Retama sphaerocarpa microsymbionts in Zaida lead mine tailings in the Moroccan middle Atlas. Syst Appl Microbiol 2021; 44:126207. [PMID: 34015589 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the Moroccan Middle Atlas, the tailings rich in lead and other metal residues, in the abandoned Zaida mining district, represent a real threat to environment and the neighboring villages' inhabitants' health. In this semi-arid to arid area, phytostabilisation would be the best choice to limit the transfer of heavy metals to populations and groundwater. The aim of this work was to characterize the bacteria that nodulate Retama sphaerocarpa, spontaneous nitrogen fixing shrubby legume, native to the Zaida mining area, with great potential to develop for phytostabilisation. Forty-three bacteria isolated from root nodules of the plant were characterized. Based on REP-PCR and ARDRA, four strains were selected for further molecular analyzes. The 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis revealed that the isolated strains are members of the genus Bradyrhizobium, and the phylogenetic analysis of the housekeeping genes glnII, atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and dnaK individual sequences and their concatenation showed that the strains are close to B. algeriense RST89T and B. valentinum LmjM3T with similarity percentages of 89.07% to 95.66% which suggest that the newly isolated strains from this mining site may belong to a potential novel species. The phylogeny of the nodA and nodC genes showed that the strains belong to the symbiovar retamae of the genus Bradyrhizobium. These strains nodulate also R. monosperma, R. dasycarpa and Lupinus luteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Alami
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanane Lamin
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryeme Bennis
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Omar Bouhnik
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouad Lamrabet
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Hanaa Abdelmoumen
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Eulogio J Bedmar
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-419, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Mustapha Missbah El Idrissi
- Centre de Biotechnologies végétales et microbiennes, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco.
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Bouhnik O, Lamin H, Alami S, Bennis M, Ouajdi M, Bellaka M, El Antry S, Abbas Y, Abdelmoumen H, Bedmar EJ, El Idrissi MM. The endemic Chamaecytisus albidus is nodulated by symbiovar genistearum of Bradyrhizobium in the Moroccan Maamora Forest. Syst Appl Microbiol 2021; 44:126197. [PMID: 33838436 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Out of 54 isolates from root nodules of the Moroccan-endemic Chamaecytisus albidus plants growing in soils from the Maamora cork oak forest, 44 isolates formed nodules when used to infect their original host plant. A phenotypic analysis showed the metabolic diversity of the strains that used different carbohydrates and amino acids as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. The isolates grew on media with pH values ranging from 6 to 8. However, they did not tolerate high temperatures or drought and they did not grow on media with salt concentrations higher than 85 mM. REP-PCR fingerprinting grouped the strains into 12 clusters, of which representative strains were selected for ARDRA and rrs analyses. The rrs gene sequence analysis indicated that all 12 strains were members of the genus Bradyrhizobium and their phylogeny showed that they were grouped into two different clusters. Two strains from each group were selected for multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using atpD, recA, gyrB and glnII housekeeping genes. The inferred phylogenetic trees confirmed that the strains clustered into two divergent clusters. Strains CM55 and CM57 were affiliated to the B. canariense/B. lupini group, whereas strains CM61 and CM64 were regrouped within the B. cytisi/B. rifense lineage. The analysis of the nodC symbiotic gene affiliated the strains to the symbiovar genistearum. The strains were also able to nodulate Retama monosperma, Lupinus luteus and Cytisus monspessulanus, but not Phaseolus vulgaris or Glycine max. Inoculation tests with C. albidus showed that some strains could be exploited as efficient inocula that could be used to improve plant growth in the Maamora forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Bouhnik
- Centre de Biotechnologies Végétale et Microbienne, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4, Avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanane Lamin
- Centre de Biotechnologies Végétale et Microbienne, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4, Avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soufiane Alami
- Centre de Biotechnologies Végétale et Microbienne, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4, Avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Meryeme Bennis
- Centre de Biotechnologies Végétale et Microbienne, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4, Avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ouajdi
- Centre de Recherche Forestière, Département des Eaux et Forêts, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, BP 763, Rabat-Agdal 10050, Morocco
| | - M'hamed Bellaka
- Centre de Recherche Forestière, Département des Eaux et Forêts, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, BP 763, Rabat-Agdal 10050, Morocco
| | - Salwa El Antry
- Centre de Recherche Forestière, Département des Eaux et Forêts, Avenue Omar Ibn El Khattab, BP 763, Rabat-Agdal 10050, Morocco
| | - Younes Abbas
- Faculté Polydiciplinaire, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hanaa Abdelmoumen
- Centre de Biotechnologies Végétale et Microbienne, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4, Avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Eulogio J Bedmar
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, CSIC Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Apartado Postal 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Mustapha Missbah El Idrissi
- Centre de Biotechnologies Végétale et Microbienne, Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 4, Avenue Ibn Battouta, Rabat, Morocco.
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