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Saini S, Oluokun T, Sharma B, Verma A, Vorontsov A, Smirniotis PG, Singh R, Viswanadham N, Kumar U. Cr- and Ga-Modified ZSM-5 Catalyst for the Production of Renewable BTX from Bioethanol. Chempluschem 2024:e202300572. [PMID: 38340361 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Light aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene, collectively known as BTX) are essential commodity chemicals in the petrochemical industry. The present study examines the aromatization of bioethanol with Cr- and Ga-modified ZSM-5. Both Cr and Ga were incorporated by the ion-exchange method. Cr-modified ZSM-5 outperforms the Ga-modified ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5 catalysts. Cr-H-ZSM-5 almost doubled the carbon yield of aromatics compared to H-ZSM-5 at an optimum reaction temperature of 450 °C. Cr-H-ZSM-5 produced aromatics with a yield of ~40 %. The effect of dilution in feed on BTX production is also studied. Cr-H-ZSM-5 was found to be more active than H-ZSM-5. Complete ethanol conversion was obtained with both pure and dilute bioethanol. The Bronsted-Lewis acid (BLA) pair formed after metal incorporation is responsible for dehydrogenation followed by aromatization, leading to increased aromatic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Saini
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tolulope Oluokun
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Nigeria
| | - Bhawna Sharma
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Akash Verma
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | | | - Panagiotis G Smirniotis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH-45221-0012, USA
| | - Raghuvir Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
| | - Nagabhatla Viswanadham
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Tammaro O, Morante N, Marocco A, Fontana M, Castellino M, Barrera G, Allia P, Tiberto P, Arletti R, Fantini R, Vaiano V, Esposito S, Sannino D, Pansini M. The beneficial role of nano-sized Fe 3O 4 entrapped in ultra-stable Y zeolite for the complete mineralization of phenol by heterogeneous photo-Fenton under solar light. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140400. [PMID: 37863212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient, separable, and stable magnetic iron-based-photocatalysts produced from ultra-stable Y (USY) zeolite were applied, for the first time, to the photo-Fenton removal of phenol under solar light. USY Zeolite with a Si/Al molar ratio of 385 was impregnated under vacuum with an aqueous solution of Fe2+ ions and thermally treated (500-750 °C) in a reducing atmosphere. Three catalysts, Fe-USY500°C-2h, Fe-USY600°C-2h and Fe-USY750°C-2h, containing different amounts of reduced iron species entrapped in the zeolitic matrix, were obtained. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized by absorption spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction with synchrotron source, followed by Rietveld analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption at -196 °C, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements at room temperature. The catalytic activity was evaluated in a recirculating batch photoreactor irradiated by solar light with online analysis of evolved CO2. Photo-Fenton results showed that the catalyst obtained by thermal treatment at 500 °C for 2 h under a reducing atmosphere (FeUSY-500°C-2h) was able to completely mineralize phenol in 120 min of irradiation time at pH = 4 owing to the presence of a higher content of entrapped nano-sized magnetite particles. The latter promotes the generation of hydroxyl radicals in a more efficient way than the Fe-USY catalysts prepared at 600 and 750 °C because of the higher Fe3O4 content in ultra-stable Y zeolite treated at 500 °C. The FeUSY-500°C-2h catalyst was recovered from the treated water through magnetic separation and reused five times without any significant worsening of phenol mineralization performances. The characterization of the FeUSY-500°C-2h after the photo-Fenton process demonstrated that it was perfectly stable during the reaction. The optimized catalyst was also effective in the mineralization of phenol in tap water. Finally, a possible photo-Fenton mechanism for phenol mineralization was assessed based on experimental tests carried out in the presence of scavenger molecules, demonstrating that hydroxyl radicals play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Tammaro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino - Politecnico, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicola Morante
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonello Marocco
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Via G. Di Biasio 43, Cassino, FR 03043, Italy
| | - Marco Fontana
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino - Politecnico, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy; Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @POLITO, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, Turin, 10144, Italy
| | - Micaela Castellino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino - Politecnico, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Barrera
- INRiM Torino, Advanced Materials for Metrology and Life Sciences, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10143, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Allia
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino - Politecnico, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy; INRiM Torino, Advanced Materials for Metrology and Life Sciences, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10143, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Tiberto
- INRiM Torino, Advanced Materials for Metrology and Life Sciences, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10143, Torino, Italy
| | - Rossella Arletti
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Chemical and Geological Sciences, Via Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Chemical and Geological Sciences, Via Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vaiano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Serena Esposito
- Department of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM Unit of Torino - Politecnico, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
| | - Diana Sannino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Michele Pansini
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering and INSTM Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Via G. Di Biasio 43, Cassino, FR 03043, Italy
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Sun H, Zhang B, Wei C, Cao L, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Gao J, Xu C. Intensifying Ethylene and Propylene of Pentene Cracking of FCC Gasoline by Modulating the Brønsted Acid Site Concentrations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Binrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chenhao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Liyuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jinsen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chunming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
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Rodaum C, Thivasasith A, Suttipat D, Witoon T, Pengpanich S, Wattanakit C. Modified Acid‐Base ZSM‐5 Derived from Core‐Shell ZSM‐5@ Aqueous Miscible Organic‐Layered Double Hydroxides for Catalytic Cracking of
n
‐Pentane to Light Olefins. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chadatip Rodaum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering, and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Network of NANOTEC Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Anawat Thivasasith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering, and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Network of NANOTEC Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Duangkamon Suttipat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering, and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Network of NANOTEC Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Thongthai Witoon
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | | | - Chularat Wattanakit
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering School of Energy Science and Engineering, and Nanocatalysts and Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Network of NANOTEC Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Rayong 21210 Thailand
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Oseke GG, Atta AY, Mukhtar B, Jibril BY, Aderemi BO. Highly selective and stable Zn–Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst for aromatization of propane. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-020-00245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLight alkane aromatization for aromatic compound production, used in petrochemical industries is an attractive area of research. The effect of second metal co-impregnation was investigated in stabilizing zinc on ZSM-5 in aromatization of propane. HZSM-5 was modified with zinc and iron metal by co wet-impregnation and characterized using XRF, XRD, BET, N2-adsorption, FTIR, FTIR-Pyridine, SEM, TEM, H2-TPR and XPS. The effect of different loadings of Iron on Zn/ZSM-5 was investigated on acidity, aromatic yield, product distribution and aromatization performance. Performance test was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at 540 °C, one atmosphere. GHSV of 1200 mL/g-h. Co-impregnation of Zn with Fe improved the catalytic activity and aromatic yield for 10 h time on stream as compared to parent HZSM-5 and Zn/ZSM-5 of very low aromatic yield and propane conversion. Impregnation of Zn as the dehydrogenating metal on HZSM-5 steadily increased aromatic yield from 5% on HZSM-5 to 25% and was steadily dropped to 20% after 10 h TOS. The co-impregnation of iron of 1–3 wt% loading as the second metal for zinc stability with 2 wt% Zn on ZSM-5 improved propane conversion and aromatic yield to 55% for the 10 h TOS. This further enhanced aromatic product distribution and minimized light gases.
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