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Khan A, Ali I, Naqvi SR, AlMohamadi H, Shahbaz M, Ali AM, Shahzad K. Assessment of thermokinetic behaviour of tannery sludge in slow pyrolysis process through artificial neural network. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139226. [PMID: 37379972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In the leather industry, tannery sludge is produced in large volume. This study investigated the thermal degradation behavior of tannery sludge using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The experiments were carried out in an inert atmosphere using nitrogen gas at varied heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 40 °C/min in the temperature range of 30-900 °C. For the kinetic parameters calculation, three different models, Friedman, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), were employed. The average activation energy Ea obtained from Friedman method, KAS, and the OFW were 130.9 kJ mol-1, 143.14 kJ mol-1, and 147.19 kJ mol-1 respectively. Along with that experiment of pyrolysis was accomplished in fixed bed reactor at temperature of 400 °C. Biochar produced has a yield of about 71%. The analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy shows the different chemical compounds present in the bio-oil containing hydrocarbons (alkanes and alkenes), oxygen containing compounds (alcohols, aldehyde, ketones, esters carboxylic acids and the esters) and the nitrogen containing compounds. The kinetic assessment was complemented by frequency distribution of activation energy model (DAEM). In the pyrolysis of tannery sludge six pseudo-components were found to be involved. Furthermore, artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict the activation energy from conversion, temperature, and the heating rate data. MLP-3-11-1 described well the conversion behavior of tannery sludge pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Khan
- Laboratory of Alternative Fuels & Sustainability, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, 44000, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Ali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Raza Naqvi
- Laboratory of Alternative Fuels & Sustainability, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, 44000, H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamad AlMohamadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshid Mahmood Ali
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Improved Stabilization of Sulfated Zirconia by Molybdenum: Synergy of Metal Sites and Acid Sites in the n-Hexane Hydro-Isomerization. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Casanova AVK, M.T. Cazanova C, dos Santos LRM, Almeida MBB, de Souza MN, Lam YL, Pereira MM. N-Butyl-cyclohexane as a probe molecule to evaluate fresh and deactivated zeolite acid catalysts. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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One-Step Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO Promoted Activated Carbon Catalyst from Prunus persica Seeds. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scope for replacing fossil fuels has been appealing to the world, owing to limited conventional fuels, crude oil price volatility, and greenhouse gas emission concerns. In this regard, this article demonstrates the preparation of a novel solid base catalyst for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. A calcium-loaded activated carbon catalyst was prepared through pyrolysis of peach shell followed by chemical activation with KOH and then calcium loading through the wet impregnation method. The prepared catalyst showed the best performance with 20% calcium loading and 650 °C of calcination temperature. The catalyst’s physicochemical, structural, and textural properties were examined using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and BET analysis. The catalyst showed a maximum yield of 96% at optimized conditions, i.e., 65 °C temperature, oil to methanol ratio 1:8, 5 wt% catalyst concentration, and a 160 min reaction time. Additionally, it illustrated high recyclability up to 10 cycles with negligible leaching of Ca+2 ions. The high activity of the catalyst was due to the presence of calcium ions on the activated carbon support. Physio–chemical properties and GC-MS analysis of prepared biodiesel determined that all attributes were within the biodiesel standard tolerances set by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Therefore, all the innovations mentioned above concluded that catalyst generated from peach shell biochar is a promising candidate for biodiesel production, ultimately resulting in solid and liquid waste management.
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Modeling and active constrained optimization of C5/C6 isomerization via Artificial Neural Networks. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Modeling and optimization of the catalytic isomerization of the pentane-hexane fraction with maximization of individual high-octane components yield. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Palos R, Gutiérrez A, Fernández ML, Azkoiti MJ, Bilbao J, Arandes JM. Converting the Surplus of Low-Quality Naphtha into More Valuable Products by Feeding It to a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Palos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country—UPV/EHU, P.O. Box
644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alazne Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country—UPV/EHU, P.O. Box
644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - María L. Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country—UPV/EHU, P.O. Box
644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - M. Josune Azkoiti
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country—UPV/EHU, P.O Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Bilbao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country—UPV/EHU, P.O. Box
644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José M. Arandes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country—UPV/EHU, P.O. Box
644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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A Comprehensive Review on Thermal Coconversion of Biomass, Sludge, Coal, and Their Blends Using Thermogravimetric Analysis. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/5024369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a vital resource for providing clean future energy with a sustainable environment. Besides lignocellulosic residues, nonlignocellulosic residues such as sewage sludge from industrial and municipal wastes are gained much attention due to its large quantities and ability to produce cheap and clean energy to potentially replace fossil fuels. These cheap and abundantly resources can reduce global warming owing to their less polluting nature. The low-quality biomass and high ash content of sewage sludge-based thermal conversion processes face several disadvantages towards its commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize these residues in combination with coal for improvement in energy conversion processes. As per author information, no concrete study is available to discuss the synergy and decomposition mechanism of residues blending. The objective of this study is to present the state-of-the-art review based on the thermal coconversion of biomass/sewage sludge, coal/biomass, and coal/sewage sludge blends through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to explore the synergistic effects of the composition, thermal conversion, and blending for bioenergy production. This paper will also contribute to detailing the operating conditions (heating rate, temperature, and residence time) of copyrolysis and cocombustion processes, properties, and chemical composition that may affect these processes and will provide a basis to improve the yield of biofuels from biomass/sewage sludge, coal/sewage sludge, and coal/biomass blends in thermal coconversion through thermogravimetric technique. Furthermore, the influencing factors and the possible decomposition mechanism are elaborated and discussed in detail. This study will provide recent development and future prospects for cothermal conversion of biomass, sewage, coal, and their blends.
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Jarvis JS, Harrhy JH, Wang A, Bere T, Morgan DJ, Carter JH, Howe AGR, He Q, Hutchings GJ, Song H. Inhibiting the Dealkylation of Basic Arenes during n-Alkane Direct Aromatization Reactions and Understanding the C6 Ring Closure Mechanism. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack S. Jarvis
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jonathan H. Harrhy
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Takudzwa Bere
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Department School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - David J. Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Department School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - James H. Carter
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Department School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Alexander G. R. Howe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-09, 117575, Singapore
| | - Qian He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-09, 117575, Singapore
| | - Graham J. Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Department School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Hua Song
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Fixed bed dynamics of single and multicomponent adsorption of pentane and hexane isomers in ZIF-8. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Martin‐Calvo A, Gutierrez‐Sevillano JJ, Dubbeldam D, Calero S. Using Aliphatic Alcohols to Tune Benzene Adsorption in MAF‐6. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martin‐Calvo
- Department of PhysicalChemical and Natural SystemsUniversity Pablo de Olavide Sevilla 41013 Spain
| | | | - David Dubbeldam
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1090 GD The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Calero
- Department of PhysicalChemical and Natural SystemsUniversity Pablo de Olavide Sevilla 41013 Spain
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Dhar A, Kumar NS, Sarkar K, Al-Fatesh AS, Ibrahim AA, Fakeeha AH, Vekariya RL. Acidic ionic liquids containing variable cationic head groups for catalytic isomerization of n-hexane. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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