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Sun Z, Ma C, Yu C, Li Z. Microplastic separation and enrichment in microchannels under derivative electric field gradient by bipolar electrode reactions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4626. [PMID: 38409340 PMCID: PMC10897390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The decomposed plastic products in the natural environment evolve into tiny plastic particles with characteristics such as small size, lightweight, and difficulty in removal, resulting in a significant pollution issue in aquatic environments. Significant progress has been made in microplastic separation technology benefiting from microfluidic chips in recent years. Based on the mechanisms of microfluidic control technology, this study investigates the enrichment and separation mechanisms of polystyrene particles in an unbuffered solution. The Faraday reaction caused by the bipolar electrodes changes the electric field gradient and improves the separation efficiency. We also propose an evaluation scheme to measure the separation efficiency. Finite element simulations are conducted to parametrically analyze the influence of applied voltages, channel geometry, and size of electrodes on plastic particle separation. The numerical cases indicate that the electrode-installed microfluidic channels separate microplastic particles effectively and precisely. The electrodes play an important role in local electric field distribution and trigger violent chemical reactions. By optimizing the microchannel structure, applied voltages, and separation channel angle, an optimal solution for separating microplastic particles can be found. This study could supply some references to control microplastic pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrong Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Chicheng Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Chengjiao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Zirui Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Khosravikia M. Quantitative model for predicting the electroosmotic flow in dual-pole nanochannels. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:733-743. [PMID: 36808619 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Developing and assessing nanofluidic systems is time-consuming and costly owing to the method's novelty; hence, modeling is essential to determine the optimal areas for implementation and to grasp its workings. In this work, we examined the influence of dual-pole surface and nanopore configuration on ion transfer simultaneously. To achieve this, the two trumpet and cigarette configuration were coated with a dual-pole soft surface so that the negative charge could be positioned in the nanopore's small aperture. Subsequently, the Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier-Stokes equations were simultaneously solved under steady-state circumstances using varied values physicochemical properties for the soft surface and electrolyte. The pore's selectivity was S Trumpet > S Cigarette ${S}_{{\rm{Trumpet}}} > {S}_{{\rm{Cigarette}}}$ , and the rectification factor, on the other hand, was R f Cigarette < R f Trumpet ${R}_{{f}_{{\rm{Cigarette}}}} < {R}_{{f}_{{\rm{Trumpet}}}}$ , when the overall concentration was very low. When the ion partitioning effect is taken into account, we clearly show that the rectifying variables for the cigarette configuration and the trumpet configuration can reach values of 45 and 49.2, when the charge density and mass concentration were 100 mol/m3 and 1 mM, respectively. By using dual-pole surfaces, the controllability of nanopores' rectifying behavior may be modified to produce superior separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khosravikia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Dezhkam R, Amiri HA, Collins DJ, Miansari M. Continuous Submicron Particle Separation Via Vortex-Enhanced Ionic Concentration Polarization: A Numerical Investigation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2203. [PMID: 36557503 PMCID: PMC9786152 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Separation and isolation of suspended submicron particles is fundamental to a wide range of applications, including desalination, chemical processing, and medical diagnostics. Ion concentration polarization (ICP), an electrokinetic phenomenon in micro-nano interfaces, has gained attention due to its unique ability to manipulate molecules or particles in suspension and solution. Less well understood, though, is the ability of this phenomenon to generate circulatory fluid flow, and how this enables and enhances continuous particle capture. Here, we perform a comprehensive study of a low-voltage ICP, demonstrating a new electrokinetic method for extracting submicron particles via flow-enhanced particle redirection. To do so, a 2D-FEM model solves the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equation coupled with the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations. Four distinct operational modes (Allowed, Blocked, Captured, and Dodged) were recognized as a function of the particle's charges and sizes, resulting in the capture or release from ICP-induced vortices, with the critical particle dimensions determined by appropriately tuning inlet flow rates (200-800 [µm/s]) and applied voltages (0-2.5 [V]). It is found that vortices are generated above a non-dimensional ICP-induced velocity of U*=1, which represents an equilibrium between ICP velocity and lateral flow velocity. It was also found that in the case of multi-target separation, the surface charge of the particle, rather than a particle's size, is the primary determinant of particle trajectory. These findings contribute to a better understanding of ICP-based particle separation and isolation, as well as laying the foundations for the rational design and optimization of ICP-based sorting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Dezhkam
- Micro+Nanosystems and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714873113, Iran
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, Babol 4713818983, Iran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 113658639, Iran
| | - Hoseyn A. Amiri
- Micro+Nanosystems and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714873113, Iran
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, Babol 4713818983, Iran
| | - David J. Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Morteza Miansari
- Micro+Nanosystems and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714873113, Iran
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Isar 11, Babol 4713818983, Iran
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Flores‐Galicia F, Eden A, Pallandre A, Pennathur S, Haghiri‐Gosnet A. Predicting ion concentration polarization and analyte stacking/focusing at nanofluidic interfaces. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:741-751. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Flores‐Galicia
- Université Paris‐Saclay CNRS Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies Palaiseau France
| | - Alexander Eden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Antoine Pallandre
- Université Paris‐Saclay CNRS Institut de Chimie Physique Orsay France
| | - Sumita Pennathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
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Computational Analysis of Nanoparticle Shapes on Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Due to Flat Horizontal Plate via Solar Collector. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040663. [PMID: 35214992 PMCID: PMC8879295 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present work discusses the 2D unsteady flow of second grade hybrid nanofluid in terms of heat transfer and MHD effects over a stretchable moving flat horizontal porous plate. The entropy of system is taken into account. The magnetic field and the Joule heating effects are also considered. Tiny-sized nanoparticles of silicon carbide and titanium oxide dispersed in a base fluid, kerosene oil. Furthermore, the shape factors of tiny-sized particles (sphere, bricks, tetrahedron, and platelets) are explored and discussed in detail. The mathematical representation in expressions of PDEs is built by considering the heat transfer mechanism owing to the effects of Joule heating and viscous dissipation. The present set of PDEs (partial differential equations) are converted into ODEs (ordinary differential equations) by introducing suitable transformations, which are then resolved with the bvp4c (shooting) scheme in MATLAB. Graphical expressions and numerical data are obtained to scrutinize the variations of momentum and temperature fields versus different physical constraints.
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Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Yang D, Li C. Ion current rectification in asymmetric charged bilayer nanochannels. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Karimzadeh M, Seifollahi Z, Khatibi M, Ashrafizadeh SN. Impacts of the shape of soft nanochannels on their ion selectivity and current rectification. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chen Z, Xiong Q, Li S, Wang Y, Xu J. Experimental investigation of dynamic mass transfer during droplet formation using micro-LIF in a coaxial microchannel. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Maciel A, Bindewald EH, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH. Evaluation of Titanate Nanotubes (TiNTs) as a Modifier for the Determination of Lead (II) by Differential Pulse Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (DPAdSV). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1920029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Maciel
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H. Bindewald
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Márcio F. Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz H. Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LABSENSE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba - PR, Brazil
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Xiong S, Chen X. Mixing performance of an electroosmotic micromixer with Koch fractal structure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021; 19:97-103. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, we have designed a Koch fractal electroosmotic micromixer (KFEM). A low-voltage electroosmotic micromixer. In order to optimize the electrode position, Koch microchannel is designed according to the Koch fractal principle and the electrode pairs based on the fractal are arranged. Then the effect of electrode voltage, electrode distribution positions, the number of electrode pairs, two kinds of Koch fractal structures, Reynolds (Re) number and the frequency of alternating current (AC) on the mixing performance are studied. The results show that the mixing efficiency can reach 99% in a short time when the AC voltage is 1 V, the AC frequency is 12 Hz and the electroosmotic micromixer has two sets of electrode pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Xiong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou , Liaoning 121001 , China
| | - Xueye Chen
- College of Transportation, Ludong University , Yantai , Shandong 264025 , China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology , Jinzhou , Liaoning 121001 , China
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology , Qingdao , Shandong 266590 , China
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Xiong S, Chen X, Chen H, Chen Y, Zhang W. Numerical study on an electroosmotic micromixer with rhombic structure. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1748644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Xiong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xueye Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wenjiao Zhang
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineer and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
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12
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Chen Y, Chen X, Liu S. Numerical investigations of a passive micromixer with tree shape obstacles based on fractal principle and Murray’s law. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1770610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xueye Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shufen Liu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
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Liu W, Sun Y, Yan H, Ren Y, Song C, Wu Q. A Simulation Analysis of Nanofluidic Ion Current Rectification Using a Metal-Dielectric Janus Nanopore Driven by Induced-Charge Electrokinetic Phenomena. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060542. [PMID: 32471139 PMCID: PMC7345169 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We propose herein a unique mechanism of generating tunable surface charges in a metal-dielectric Janus nanopore for the development of nanofluidic ion diode, wherein an uncharged metallic nanochannel is in serial connection with a dielectric nanopore of fixed surface charge. In response to an external electric field supplied by two probes located on both sides of the asymmetric Janus nanopore, the metallic portion of the nanochannel is electrochemically polarized, so that a critical junction is formed between regions with an enriched concentration of positive and negative ions in the bulk electrolyte adjacent to the conducting wall. The combined action of the field-induced bipolar induced double layer and the native unipolar double layer full of cations within the negatively-charged dielectric nanopore leads to a voltage-controllable heterogenous volumetric charge distribution. The electrochemical transport of field-induced counterions along the nanopore length direction creates an internal zone of ion enrichment/depletion, and thereby enhancement/suppression of the resulting electric current inside the Janus nanopore for reverse working status of the nanofluidic ion diode. A mathematical model based upon continuum mechanics is established to study the feasibility of the Janus nanochannel in causing sufficient ion current rectification, and we find that only a good matching between pore diameter and Debye length is able to result in a reliable rectifying functionality for practical applications. This rectification effect is reminiscent of the typical bipolar membrane, but much more flexible on account of the nature of a voltage-based control due to induced-charge electrokinetic polarization of the conducting end, which may hold promise for osmotic energy conversion wherein an electric current appears due to a difference in salt concentration. Our theoretical demonstration of a composite metal-dielectric ion-selective medium provides useful guidelines for construction of flexible on-chip platforms utilizing induced-charge electrokinetic phenomena for a high degree of freedom ion current control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yongjun Sun
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.R.); (C.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-Zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hui Yan
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.R.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.R.); (C.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-Zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunlei Song
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China; (Y.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.)
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Han W, Chen X. A novel micro-nanofluidic preconcentrator with Koch fractal nanochannel surface. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1724139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Han
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xueye Chen
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, China
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