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Kukreti N, Kumar P, Kataria R. Conversion of Corn Stover for Microbial Enzymes Production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:5144-5160. [PMID: 38117456 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a white rot fungus, exhibits remarkable capabilities in producing various extracellular enzymes. These microbial enzymes find extensive applications in disrupting the intricate structure of plant cell walls, decolorizing synthetic dyes, and facilitating pulp extraction, among other functions. The process of solid-state fermentation stands out as an economical and sustainable approach, ideal for achieving high yields in enzyme production using lignocellulosic biomass as a substrate. In this research paper, both untreated and alkali pretreated corn stover materials served as substrates for enzyme production, leveraging the fungal strain's capacity to generate enzymes like cellulases and manganese peroxidase. The maximum production of endoglucanase was notably observed, reaching 121.21 ± 0.90 U/gds on the 9th day for untreated biomass and 79.75 ± 0.57 U/gds on the 6th day for treated biomass. Similarly, the peak exoglucanase production was recorded at 2.46 ± 0.008 FPU/ml on the 3rd day for untreated biomass and 0.92 ± 0.002 FPU/ml on the 6th day for treated biomass. Furthermore, the highest production of manganese peroxidase was achieved, with values of 5076.81 U/l on the 6th day for untreated biomass and 1127.58 ± 0.23 U/l on the 3rd day for treated biomass. These results collectively emphasize the potential of corn stover as a renewable and promising substrate for the production of essential enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kukreti
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi Kataria
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Zhang C, Ali Khan RA, Wei H, Wang R, Hou J, Liu T. Rapid and mass production of biopesticide Trichoderma Brev T069 from cassava peels using newly established solid-state fermentation bioreactor system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 313:114981. [PMID: 35395529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Converting agricultural waste into value-added biopesticides to replace chemical pesticides for plant protection is a good alternative for environmental sustainability and resource recycling. In this study, five tropical wastes (cassava peels, banana pseudostem, coconut shell, sugarcane bagasse, and pineapple peels) were screened as substrates for the rapid production of biopesticide Trichoderma Brev T069. Five single tests and a Box-Behnken design (BBD) with response surface methodology were used to optimize the culture conditions to improve the spore yield. The results showed that cassava peel was the optimal solid fermentation substrate, and the optimization enabled a spore yield of 9.31 × 109 spores/g at 3rd day, which was equal to 93.19% of spore yield obtained at 5th day (9.99 × 109 spores/g). A newly packed-bed bioreactor with agitation and ventilation system was developed and used to expand the production that 250 kg of biopesticide (2.89 × 109 spores/g) could be available on the 3rd day. A pot experiment indicated that the biopesticide T. Brev T069 obtained under this production system, when applied at 1 × 107 spores/g of soil had a 64.65% biocontrol efficiency on banana fusarium wilt. This study provides a practical solution for turning a tropical waste into an effective biopesticide which can prevent banana wilt disease, thereby helping to reduce disease management cost and overcome environmental hazards caused by synthetic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Raja Asad Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - HongYan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan (Hainan University), Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - JuMei Hou
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan (Hainan University), Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (College of Plant Protection, Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Engineering Center of Agricultural Microbial Preparation Research and Development of Hainan (Hainan University), Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China.
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Rastogi M, Shrivastava S, Shukla P. Bioprospecting of xylanase producing fungal strains: Multilocus phylogenetic analysis and enzyme activity profiling. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:150-161. [PMID: 34783043 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to explore potential xylanase-producing indigenous fungi isolated from soil and vegetable wastes containing plant degraded matter, reporting multilocus phylogenetic analysis and xylanase enzyme activity from selective strains. Four potential xylanolytic fungi were identified through distinct primary and secondary screening of 294 isolates obtained from the samples. Morphological characterization and multigene analysis (ITS rDNA, 18S rDNA, LSU rDNA, β-tubulin, and actin gene) confirmed them as Aspergillus sp. AUMS56, Aspergillus tubingensis AUMS60 and AUMS64, and Aspergillus fumigatus AUKEMS24; achieving crude xylanase activities (through submerged fermentation using corn cobs) of 18.9, 32.29, 30.68, and 15.82 U ml-1 , respectively. AUMS60 and AUMS64 (forming lineage with A. tubingensis and Aspergillus niger in the same phylogroup with 100% Bayesian posterior probability support) secreted single xylanase (Xyn60; 36 kDa) and multiple xylanases (Xyn64A and Xyn64B; 33.4 and 19.8 kDa) respectively, having pH optima of 6.0 and exhibiting maximal activity at 60°C. These enzymes were highly stable at 40°C (120 h) and retained more than 70% activity at 50°C and at pH 5-6 (upon 72 h incubation). Our analysis suggested these enzymes to be endoxylanases demonstrating substrate hydrolysis within 15 min of reaction and maximum efficiency of xylanases from AUMS60 and AUMS64 achieving 51.1% (13 h) and 52.2% (24 h) saccharification, respectively. They also showed enhanced catalytic activity with various cations. Based on our investigation on xylan hydrolysis, we believe that these xylanases may find significant industrial applications as they have a real potential of working as a bio-catalytic cocktail (patent file number: IN E1/38213/2020-DEL) for the enhanced saccharification of lignocelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Rastogi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smriti Shrivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Nagarajan A, Thulasinathan B, Arivalagan P, Alagarsamy A, Muthuramalingam JB, Thangarasu SD, Thangavel K. Particle size influence on the composition of sugars in corncob hemicellulose hydrolysate for xylose fermentation by Meyerozyma caribbica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125677. [PMID: 34358990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The xylitol production was performed with acidophilic Meyerozyma caribbica. The particle size of 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.1 ± 0.05 mm was rich in glucose (12.0 ± 0.5 g/L), whereas 0.5 ± 0.25 to 2.0 ± 0.5 mm had a high content of xylose (8.0 ± 0.5 g/L). The xylitol production in the synthetic, non-detoxified and detoxified hydrolysate media was studied (50 ± 0.5 g/L) using 10% v/v non - induced cells of M. caribbica for 120 h. At the end of fermentation with the specific growth rate of 0.056 ± 0.01 (μ), xylitol yields of 45.00 ± 1.00%, 10.00 ± 1.00% and 54.00 ± 1.00% were obtained. The detoxification of the hydrolysate prepared using an identified corncob particle size of 0.5 ± 0.25 to 2.0 ± 0.5 mm could be used as the prospective pretreatment process for ecofriendly and industrial scale production of xylitol with M. caribbica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Nagarajan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India
| | - Boobalan Thulasinathan
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India
| | - Pugazhendhi Arivalagan
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Arun Alagarsamy
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India
| | - Jothi Basu Muthuramalingam
- Plant-Microbes Interaction Laboratory, Department of Botany (DDE), Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganya Devi Thangarasu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India
| | - Kavitha Thangavel
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003, India.
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Biochemical characterization and enhanced production of endoxylanase from thermophilic mould Myceliophthora thermophila. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1539-1555. [PMID: 33765291 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endoxylanase production from M. thermophila BJTLRMDU3 using rice straw was enhanced to 2.53-fold after optimization in solid state fermentation (SSF). Endoxylanase was purified to homogeneity employing ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by gel filtration chromatography and had a molecular mass of ~ 25 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE. Optimal endoxylanase activity was recorded at pH 5.0 and 60 °C. Purified enzyme showed complete tolerance to n-hexane, but activity was slightly inhibited by other organic solvents. Among surfactants, Tweens (20, 60, and 80) and Triton X 100 slightly enhanced the enzyme activity. The Vmax and Km values for purified endoxylanase were 6.29 µmol/min/mg protein and 5.4 mg/ml, respectively. Endoxylanase released 79.08 and 42.95% higher reducing sugars and soluble proteins, respectively, which control after 48 h at 60 °C from poultry feed. Synergistic effect of endoxylanase (100 U/g) and phytase (15 U/g) on poultry feed released higher amount of reducing sugars (58.58 mg/feed), soluble proteins (42.48 mg/g feed), and inorganic phosphate (28.34 mg/feed) in contrast to control having 23.55, 16.98, and 10.46 mg/feed of reducing sugars, soluble proteins, and inorganic phosphate, respectively, at 60 °C supplemented with endoxylanase only.
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Dar FM, Dar PM. Fungal Xylanases for Different Industrial Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Verma P. A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Xylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth. It is a complex heteropolysaccharide consisting of different monosaccharides such as l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. The breakdown of xylan is restricted due to its heterogeneous nature and it can be overcome by xylanases which are capable of cleaving the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside linkage. Xylanases are abundantly present in nature (e.g., molluscs, insects and microorganisms) and several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae are used extensively for its production. Microbial xylanases show varying substrate specificities and biochemical properties which makes it suitable for various applications in industrial and biotechnological sectors. The suitability of xylanases for its application in food and feed, paper and pulp, textile, pharmaceuticals, and lignocellulosic biorefinery has led to an increase in demand of xylanases globally. The present review gives an insight of using microbial xylanases as an “Emerging Green Tool” along with its current status and future prospective.
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Banerjee S, Ranganathan V, Patti A, Arora A. Valorisation of pineapple wastes for food and therapeutic applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bagewadi ZK, Mulla SI, Shouche Y, Ninnekar HZ. Xylanase production from Penicillium citrinum isolate HZN13 using response surface methodology and characterization of immobilized xylanase on glutaraldehyde-activated calcium-alginate beads. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:164. [PMID: 28330236 PMCID: PMC4980835 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the production of high-level cellulase-free xylanase from Penicillium citrinum isolate HZN13. The variability in xylanase titers was assessed under both solid-state (SSF) and submerged (SmF) fermentation. SSF was initially optimized with different agro-waste residues, among them sweet sorghum bagasse was found to be the best substrate that favored maximum xylanase production (9643 U/g). Plackett–Burman and response surface methodology employing central composite design were used to optimize the process parameters for the production of xylanase under SSF. A second-order quadratic model and response surface method revealed the optimum conditions for xylanase production (sweet sorghum bagasse 25 g/50 ml; ammonium sulphate 0.36 %; yeast extract 0.6 %; pH 4; temperature 40 °C) yielding 30,144 U/g. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 97.63 %). Glutaraldehyde-activated calcium-alginate-immobilized purified xylanase showed recycling stability (87 %) up to seven cycles. Immobilized purified xylanase showed enhanced thermo-stability in comparison to immobilized crude xylanase. Immobilization kinetics of crude and purified xylanase revealed an increase in Km (12.5 and 11.11 mg/ml) and Vmax (12,500 and 10,000 U/mg), respectively. Immobilized (crude) enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse released 8.1 g/g (48 h) of reducing sugars. Xylose and other oligosaccharides produced during hydrolysis were detected by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The biomass was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray and Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy. However, this is one of the few reports on high-level cellulase-free xylanase from P. citrinum isolate using sweet sorghum bagasse.
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