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Mardones W, Villarroel CA, Abarca V, Urbina K, Peña TA, Molinet J, Nespolo RF, Cubillos FA. Rapid selection response to ethanol in Saccharomyces eubayanus emulates the domestication process under brewing conditions. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:967-984. [PMID: 33755311 PMCID: PMC8913853 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the typical genomic and phenotypic changes that characterize the evolution of organisms under the human domestication syndrome represent textbook examples of rapid evolution, the molecular processes that underpin such changes are still poorly understood. Domesticated yeasts for brewing, where short generation times and large phenotypic and genomic plasticity were attained in a few generations under selection, are prime examples. To experimentally emulate the lager yeast domestication process, we created a genetically complex (panmictic) artificial population of multiple Saccharomyces eubayanus genotypes, one of the parents of lager yeast. Then, we imposed a constant selection regime under a high ethanol concentration in 10 replicated populations during 260 generations (6 months) and compared them with propagated controls exposed solely to glucose. Propagated populations exhibited a selection differential of 60% in growth rate in ethanol, mostly explained by the proliferation of a single lineage (CL248.1) that competitively displaced all other clones. Interestingly, the outcome does not require the entire time‐course of adaptation, as four lineages monopolized the culture at generation 120. Sequencing demonstrated that de novo genetic variants were produced in all propagated lines, including SNPs, aneuploidies, INDELs and translocations. In addition, the different propagated populations showed correlated responses resembling the domestication syndrome: genomic rearrangements, faster fermentation rates, lower production of phenolic off‐flavours and lower volatile compound complexity. Expression profiling in beer wort revealed altered expression levels of genes related to methionine metabolism, flocculation, stress tolerance and diauxic shift, likely contributing to higher ethanol and fermentation stress tolerance in the evolved populations. Our study shows that experimental evolution can rebuild the brewing domestication process in ‘fast motion’ in wild yeast, and also provides a powerful tool for studying the genetics of the adaptation process in complex populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladimir Mardones
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170022, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Santiago, 7500574, Chile
| | - Carlos A Villarroel
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170022, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Santiago, 7500574, Chile
| | - Valentina Abarca
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170022, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Santiago, 7500574, Chile
| | - Kamila Urbina
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170022, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Santiago, 7500574, Chile
| | - Tomás A Peña
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170022, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Santiago, 7500574, Chile
| | - Jennifer Molinet
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170022, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Santiago, 7500574, Chile
| | - Roberto F Nespolo
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Santiago, 7500574, Chile.,Institute of Environmental and Evolutionary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile.,Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco A Cubillos
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170022, Chile.,Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Santiago, 7500574, Chile
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Yang F, Zhang X, Lu Y, Wang B, Chen X, Sun Z, Li X. Inulin catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is affected by some key glycosylation sequons of invertase Suc2. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:471-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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