1
|
Paul DC, Bhattacharjee M. Revisiting the significance of natural protease inhibitors: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135899. [PMID: 39317291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) function as a natural adversary to proteolytic enzymes. They can diminish or inhibit the catalytic properties of proteases, which are crucial for various tasks in the physiology and metabolism of cellular forms. Protease Inhibitors are low molecular weight (5-25 kDa) stable proteins. Plants are a fair source of PIs, so foods containing PIs remarkably influence human health. PIs are usually present in storage tissues of the plant, although they are present in other aerial parts as well. In plants, protease inhibitors participate in vital functions such as maintaining physiological homeostasis, mobilization of storage proteins, defense systems, apoptosis, and other processes. In recent years, plant-derived PIs have shown promising results in treating various diseases including inflammatory conditions, osteoporosis, cardiovascular issues, and brain disorders. The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics, applications, and challenges associated with natural protease inhibitors in plants, which draws insights from an extensive examination of 80+ research papers with a focus on their potential in agriculture and medicine. By synthesizing findings from an extensive literature review, this work aims to guide future research directions and innovations in leveraging plant-based PIs for sustainable agricultural practices and advanced therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiman Chandra Paul
- Programme of Biotechnology, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Assam 26, India
| | - Minakshi Bhattacharjee
- Programme of Biotechnology, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Assam 26, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Michałowski K, Brodzikowska A. Clinical Effect of Thioglycosides Extracted from White Mustard on Dental Plaque and Gingivitis: Randomized, Single-Blinded Clinical Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5290. [PMID: 38791329 PMCID: PMC11120871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of thioglycosides has already been established. This study investigates the effects of thioglycosides extracted from white mustard, specifically the "Bamberka" variety, in the context of oral hygiene. The aim of the study is to clarify an evidence-based link between the documented antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects attributed to thioglycosides and their practical application in oral care. A randomized, single-blinded (patient-blinded) clinical study was performed on 66 patients using mustard-based toothpaste for oral hygiene. The patients were examined at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. The values of the Approximal Plaque Index (API), the Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding on probing (BOP) were taken into consideration. The results show a significant reduction in plaque accumulation, especially after 6 months of using mustard-based toothpaste in all examined parameters. This suggests that thioglycosides from mustard contribute to a considerable decrease in dental plaque accumulation, confirming their potential in natural oral care solutions, which is indicated in the main conclusions or interpretations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aniela Brodzikowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Binieckiego 6, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Parisi MG, Ozón B, Vera González SM, García-Pardo J, Obregón WD. Plant Protease Inhibitors as Emerging Antimicrobial Peptide Agents: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:582. [PMID: 38794245 PMCID: PMC11125377 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important mediator molecules of the innate defense mechanisms in a wide range of living organisms, including bacteria, mammals, and plants. Among them, peptide protease inhibitors (PPIs) from plants play a central role in their defense mechanisms by directly attacking pathogens or by modulating the plant's defense response. The growing prevalence of microbial resistance to currently available antibiotics has intensified the interest concerning these molecules as novel antimicrobial agents. In this scenario, PPIs isolated from a variety of plants have shown potential in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, protozoans, and fungal strains, either by interfering with essential biochemical or physiological processes or by altering the permeability of biological membranes of invading organisms. Moreover, these molecules are active inhibitors of a range of proteases, including aspartic, serine, and cysteine types, with some showing particular efficacy as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the potential of plant-derived PPIs as novel antimicrobial molecules, highlighting their broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, specificity, and minimal toxicity. These natural compounds exhibit diverse mechanisms of action and often multifunctionality, positioning them as promising molecular scaffolds for developing new therapeutic antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica G. Parisi
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES, CONICET-UNLu) and Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján B6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Brenda Ozón
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe) and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 s/N, La Plata B1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (B.O.); (S.M.V.G.)
| | - Sofía M. Vera González
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe) and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 s/N, La Plata B1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (B.O.); (S.M.V.G.)
| | - Javier García-Pardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Walter David Obregón
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe) and Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 s/N, La Plata B1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (B.O.); (S.M.V.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jemel I, Krayem N, Ben Bacha A, Alonazi M, Horchani H, Ghamgui H. Novel Stable Protease Inhibitor from Phoenix dactylifera(L.) Flowers with Antimicrobial and Antitumoral Activities. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13332-13341. [PMID: 38524442 PMCID: PMC10956122 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A novel protease inhibitor isolated from date palm Phoenix dactylifera(L.) flowers (PIDF) was purified and characterized. A heat and acidic treatment step followed by ethanol precipitation and reverse-phase high-performance chromatography was applied to purify this natural protease inhibitor to homogeneity with a single band of about 19 kDa. The stability study depicted that PIDF was fully stable at 40 °C and retained 65% of its initial activity after heating at 50 °C for 24 h. Its thermal stability at 70 °C was markedly enhanced by adding calcium, bovine serum albumin, and sorbitol as well as by metal divalent cations, especially Mg2+ and Hg2+. This protease inhibitor showed high inhibitory activity against therapeutic proteases, including pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and collagenase, and acted as a potent inhibitor of some commercial microbial proteases from Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus. sp, and Bacillus licheniformis. Moreover, a potent antibacterial spectrum against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial strains and an efficient antifungal effect were observed. Its cytotoxicity toward human colorectal cancer cell LoVo and HCT-116 lines suggested that PIDF could serve as a new therapeutic target inhibiting human colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Jemel
- Laboratory
of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science
of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Najeh Krayem
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Soukra Road, BP1171, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry
Department, College of Sciences, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alonazi
- Biochemistry
Department, College of Sciences, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habib Horchani
- Environment
and Biotechnology Research Group, Science Department, College of Rivière-Du-Loup, Rivère-Du-Loup, Québec G5R1E2, Canada
| | - Hanène Ghamgui
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Soukra Road, BP1171, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Souza AÁ, Lima AM, Dede Oliveira BezerraSousa D, Nogueira FC, do Sacramento Neto JC, Dias LP, Araújo NMS, Nagano CS, Júnior HVN, da Silva CR, do Amaral Valente Sá LG, de Andrade Neto JB, Barroso FDD, de Moraes MEA, de Oliveira HD. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds Contain a Highly Stable Trypsin Inhibitor with Potential for Bacterial Management Alone or in Drug Combination Therapy with Oxacillin. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1221-1233. [PMID: 35995908 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a serious and challenging threat to healthcare systems, making it imperative to discover novel therapeutic options. This work reports the isolation and characterization of a thermostable trypsin inhibitor from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds, with antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus sensitive and resistant to methicillin. The trypsin inhibitor ShTI was purified from chia seeds through crude extract heat treatment, followed by affinity and reversed-phase chromatography. Tricine-SDS-PAGE revealed a single glycoprotein band of ~ 11 kDa under nonreducing conditions, confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis (11.558 kDa). ShTI was remarkably stable under high temperatures (100 °C; 120 min) and a broad pH range (2-10; 30 min). Upon exposure to DTT (0.1 M; 120 min), ShTI antitrypsin activity was partially lost (~ 38%), indicating the participation of disulfide bridges in its structure. ShTI is a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 1.79 × 10-8 M; IC50 = 1.74 × 10-8 M) that forms a 1:1 stoichiometry ratio for the ShTI:trypsin complex. ShTI displayed antibacterial activity alone (MICs range from 15.83 to 19.03 µM) and in combination with oxacillin (FICI range from 0.20 to 0.33) against strains of S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and plasma membrane pore formation are involved in the antibacterial action mode of ShTI. Overall, ShTI represents a novel candidate for use as a therapeutic agent for the bacterial management of S. aureus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adson Ávila de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Adrianne Maia Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Daniele Dede Oliveira BezerraSousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cristiane Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - José Carlos do Sacramento Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Nadine Monteiro Salgueiro Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Celso Shiniti Nagano
- Department of Fisher Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-970, Brazil
| | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | | | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Fátima Daiana Dias Barroso
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | | | - Hermógenes David de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shaikh S, Dhavan P, Singh P, Uparkar J, Vaidya SP, Jadhav BL, Ramana MMV. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel antipyrine based α-aminophosphonates as anti-Alzheimer and anti-inflammatory agent. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:386-401. [PMID: 34878960 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2006088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a series of novel antipyrine based α-aminophosphonates derivatives were synthesized and characterized. The synthesized derivatives were subjected for in vitro cholinesterase inhibition, enzyme kinetic studies, protein denaturation assay, proteinase inhibitory assay and cell viability assay. For cholinesterase inhibition, the results inferred that the test compounds possess better AChE activity (0.46 to 6.67 µM) than BuChE (2.395 to 12.47 µM). Compound 4j inhibited both AChE and BuChE (IC50 = 0.475 ± 0.12 µM and 2.95 ± 0.16 µM, respectively), implying that it serves as a dual AChE/BuChE inhibitor. Also, kinetic studies revealed that compound 4j exhibits mixed-type inhibition against both AChE and BuChE, with Ki values of 3.003 µM and 5.750 µM, respectively. Further, protein denaturation and proteinase inhibitory assays were used to test in vitro anti-inflammatory potential. It was found that compound 4o exhibited highest activity against protein denaturation (IC50 = 42.64 ± 0.19 µM) and proteinase inhibition (IC50 = 37.57 ± 0.19 µM) when compared to diclofenac. In addition, cell viability assay revealed that active compounds possess no cytotoxicity against N2a cell and RAW 264.7 macrophages. Finally, molecular docking experiments for AChE, BuChE, and COX-2 were conducted to better understand the binding modes of active compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz East, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratik Dhavan
- Department of Life sciences, University of Mumbai, Santacruz East, Mumbai, India
| | - Pinky Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Haffkine Institute, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Jasmin Uparkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz East, Mumbai, India
| | - S P Vaidya
- Department of Microbiology, Haffkine Institute, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - B L Jadhav
- Department of Life sciences, University of Mumbai, Santacruz East, Mumbai, India
| | - M M V Ramana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Santacruz East, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Souza Nascimento AM, de Oliveira Segundo VH, Felipe Camelo Aguiar AJ, Piuvezam G, Souza Passos T, Florentino da Silva Chaves Damasceno KSFDS, de Araújo Morais AH. Antibacterial action mechanisms and mode of trypsin inhibitors: a systematic review. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:749-759. [PMID: 35168466 PMCID: PMC8856033 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2039918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review (SR) aimed to gather studies describing the antibacterial action mechanisms and mode of trypsin inhibitors. The review protocol was registered (PROSPERO: CRD42020189069). Original articles resulting from studies in animal models, in bacterial culture, and using cells that describe antibacterial action of trypsin inhibitor-type peptides or proteins were selected in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS, and EMBASE. The methodological quality assessment was performed using the PRISMA and OHAT tool. 2382 articles were retrieved, 17 of which were eligible. Four studies demonstrated the action mechanism directly on the bacterial membrane, and the fifth study on endogenous proteases extracted from the bacteria themselves. The antibacterial action mode was presented in the other studies, which can generate bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects without describing the mechanisms. This study generated information to enable new preclinical or clinical studies with molecules contributing to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Júlia Felipe Camelo Aguiar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Piuvezam
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Public Health, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Thaís Souza Passos
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheng BX, Shao GY, Li Y, Tian QQ, Wang SY, Liu F. Molecular cloning and characterisation of the PmEglin cDNA in the leech Hirudinaria sp. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
9
|
Vishvakarma R, Mishra A. Characterization of a Novel Protease Inhibitor from the Edible Mushroom
Agaricus bisporus. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:460-472. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220405161903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Protease inhibitors inhibit the activity of protease enzymes, hence are essentially involved in the regulation of the metabolic processes involving protease enzymes and protection the host organism against external damage due to proteases. These inhibitors are abundantly present in all living organisms but have not been much reported in mushrooms. Mushrooms are one of the major food components of humans with delicious taste and high nutritional value. Mushrooms also have therapeutic and economic significance. The edible mushrooms with medicinal properties are much in commercial demand. To date, the presence of protease inhibitors has not been reported much in edible mushrooms. The present study reports the characterization of a protease inhibitor isolated from the common white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus.
Objective:
The objective of the present study is to characterize the novel protease inhibitor from Agaricus bisporus to determine its nature and activity at varying environmental conditions.
Method:
The protease inhibitor was characterized through SDS PAGE, gel filtration chromatography, and de novo sequencing to determine its molecular mass, and sequence respectively. The optimum pH and temperature, and the pH and thermal stability were studied to determine the optimum working range of the protease inhibitor. The protease inhibitory activity (%) was determined in presence of metal ions, surfactants, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents. The kinetic parameters and the type of inhibition exhibited by the protease inhibitor were determined using casein and trypsin protease enzyme.
Results:
The protease inhibitor was found to be a low molecular mass compound of 25 kDa. The de novo sequencing matched the inhibitor against a 227 amino acid containing peptide molecular mass of 24.6 kDa molecular mass. The protease inhibitory activity (%) was found highest at pH 7.0 and temperature 50 0C, and was stable from pH 4.0-9.0 and temperature 30-80 0C. In presence of metal ions, the residual protease inhibitory activity (%) enhanced in presence of Na+, Mg2+, and Fe3+. The residual activity increased in presence of the surfactant SDS slightly in comparison to control, while decreased in the case of Triton-X and Tween 20. The presence of oxidizing agents, hydrogen peroxide, and dimethyl sulfoxide decreased the residual inhibitory activity. The protease inhibitor was unaffected by the reducing agents: dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol up to 2mM concentration but decreased at higher concentrations. The inhibitor exhibited uncompetitive inhibition against trypsin with an inhibitory constant of 166 nM, indicating a strong affinity towards the protease, with a half-life of 93.90 minutes at 37 0C.
Conclusion:
Protease inhibitors isolated from mushrooms are generally small in size, more stable, and tolerant towards varying external conditions. The protease inhibitor isolated from Agaricus bisporus also exhibited similar characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Vishvakarma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226026, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Raj S, K H, Nair RA. Anti-microbial and cytotoxic activity of ZzAMP, a serine protease inhibitor (SPI) with nutraceutical potential from rhizomes of medicinal plant, Zingiber zerumbet. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6375-6380. [PMID: 35105207 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2032046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease Inhibitors (SPIs) abundantly reported in plant storage organs constitute important candidate molecules for antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics. Our earlier studies had identified antimicrobial protein/or peptides (AMP) from Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes designated ZzAMP inhibiting serine protease (SP) of necrotrophic phytopathogen, Pythium myriotylum. Considering the high ethno-medicinal applications of Z. zerumbet rhizomes, present study evaluated the anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic properties of ZzAMP. Though ZzAMP displayed low radical scavenging activity (IC50 1000 µg/ml), it exhibited considerable anti-bacterial activity towards the nosocomial pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia (93%), which produced maximal extracellular protease (30.6 ± 1.47 U/ml) amongst the pathogens screened. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of ZzAMP revealed decrease in viability of cancer cell line, HeLa (IC50 115.09 μg/ml) compared to normal cells, L929 (IC50 299.95 μg/ml). Present experiments showing antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of ZzAMP with minimal damage to normal cells are indicative of its potential as a promising nutraceutical protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Raj
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, India
| | - Harshitha K
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala (CUK), Kasaragod, Kerala
| | - R Aswati Nair
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala (CUK), Kasaragod, Kerala
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lucena SV, Rufino FP, de Dantas Moura GED, Rabêlo LMA, Monteiro NKV, Ferreira AT, Perales JEA, Uchôa AF, Justo GZ, de Oliveira CFR, Migliolo L, Nader HB, Santos EA, Oliveira AS. The Kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor from Erythrina velutina seeds displays activity against HeLa cells through arrest in cell cycle. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:19. [PMID: 34926123 PMCID: PMC8674401 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrina velutina is a species of arboreal leguminous that occurs spontaneously in the northeastern states of Brazil. Leguminous seeds represent an abundant source of peptidase inhibitors, which play an important role in controlling peptidases involved in essential biological processes. The aim of this study was to purify and characterize a novel Kunitz-type peptidase inhibitor from Erythrina velutina seeds and evaluate its anti-proliferative effects against cancer cell lines. The Kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor was purified from Erythrina velutina seeds (EvCI) by ammonium sulphate fractionation, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-sepharose affinity chromatographies and Resource Q anion-exchange column. The purified EvCI has a molecular mass of 18 kDa with homology to a Kunitz-type inhibitor. Inhibition assays revealed that EvCI is a competitive inhibitor of chymotrypsin (with K i of 4 × 10-8 M), with weak inhibitory activity against human elastase and without inhibition against trypsin, elastase, bromelain or papain. In addition, the inhibitory activity of EvCI was stable over a wide range of pH and temperature. Disulfide bridges are involved in stabilization of the reactive site in EvCI, since the reduction of disulfide bridges with DTT 100 mM abolished ~ 50% of its inhibitory activity. The inhibitor exhibited selective anti-proliferative properties against HeLa cells. The incubation of EvCI with HeLa cells triggered arrest in the cell cycle, suggesting that apoptosis is the mechanism of death induced by the inhibitor. EvCI constitutes an interesting anti-carcinogenic candidate for conventional cervical cancer treatments employed currently. The EvCI cytostatic effect on Hela cells indicates a promised compound to be used as anti-carcinogenic complement for conventional cervical treatments employed currently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla V. Lucena
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil ,Instituto Federal de Ciências e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso-IFMT, Cuiabá, MT Brazil
| | - Fabíola P. Rufino
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | | | - Luciana M. A. Rabêlo
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Norberto K. V. Monteiro
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - André T. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Jonas E. Aguilar Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacodinâmica, do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Adriana F. Uchôa
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil ,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil ,Laboratório de Proteômica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Giselle Z. Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil ,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNIFESP, Diadema, SP Brazil
| | - Caio F. R. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900 Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil ,S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Avenida Tamandaré, 6000, Campo Grande, MS 79117-900 Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Elizeu A. Santos
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil ,Laboratório de Proteômica, Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| | - Adeliana S. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas Bioativas, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
From Naturally-Sourced Protease Inhibitors to New Treatments for Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121016. [PMID: 34946998 PMCID: PMC8704869 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are involved in a broad range of physiological processes, including host invasion by fungal pathogens, and enzymatic inhibition is a key molecular mechanism controlling proteolytic activity. Importantly, inhibitors from natural or synthetic sources have demonstrated applications in biochemistry, biotechnology, and biomedicine. However, the need to discover new reservoirs of these inhibitory molecules with improved efficacy and target range has been underscored by recent protease characterization related to infection and antimicrobial resistance. In this regard, naturally-sourced inhibitors show promise for application in diverse biological systems due to high stability at physiological conditions and low cytotoxicity. Moreover, natural sources (e.g., plants, invertebrates, and microbes) provide a large reservoir of undiscovered and/or uncharacterized bioactive molecules involved in host defense against predators and pathogens. In this Review, we highlight discoveries of protease inhibitors from environmental sources, propose new opportunities for assessment of antifungal activity, and discuss novel applications to combat biomedically-relevant fungal diseases with in vivo and clinical purpose.
Collapse
|
13
|
Shaikh SF, Dhavan PP, Singh PR, Vaidya SP, Jadhav BL, Ramana MMV. Synthesis of Novel Quinoline–Benzoxazolinone Ester Hybrids: In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Antibacterial Activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
14
|
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of a New Protease Inhibitor from Conyza dioscoridis with Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225452. [PMID: 33233753 PMCID: PMC7699837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the current study was the extraction, purification, and biochemical characterization of a protein protease inhibitor from Conyzadioscoridis. Antimicrobial potential and cytotoxic effects were also examined. The protease inhibitor was extracted in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6–7). Then, the protease inhibitor, named PDInhibitor, was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by filtration through a Sephadex G-50 column and had an apparent molecular weight of 25 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of PDInhibitor showed a high level of identity with those of the Kunitz family. PDInhibitor was found to be active at pH values ranging from 5.0 to 11.0, with maximal activity at pH 9.0. It was also fully active at 50 °C and maintained 90% of its stability at over 55 °C. The thermostability of the PDInhibitor was clearly enhanced by CaCl2 and sorbitol, whereas the presence of Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions, Sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Dithiothreitol (DTT), and β-ME dramatically improved the inhibitory activity. A remarkable affinity of the protease inhibitor with available important therapeutic proteases (elastase and trypsin) was observed. PDInhibitor also acted as a potent inhibitor of commercial proteases from Aspergillus oryzae and of Proteinase K. The inhibitor displayed potent antimicrobial activity against gram+ and gram- bacteria and against fungal strains. Interestingly, PDInhibitor affected several human cancer cell lines, namely HCT-116, MDA-MB-231, and Lovo. Thus, it can be considered a potentially powerful therapeutic agent.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cotabarren J, Lufrano D, Parisi MG, Obregón WD. Biotechnological, biomedical, and agronomical applications of plant protease inhibitors with high stability: A systematic review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110398. [PMID: 32005400 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are regulatory proteins found in numerous animal tissues and fluids, plants, and microorganisms that reduce and inhibit the exacerbated and uncontrolled activity of the target proteases. Specific PIs are also effective tools for inactivating proteases involved in human diseases like arthritis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, cancer, AIDS, thrombosis, emphysema, hypertension, and muscular dystrophy among others. Plant PIs-small peptides with a high content of cystine residues in disulfide bridges-possess a remarkable resistance to heat treatment and a high stability against shifts in pH, denaturing agents, ionic strength, and proteolysis. In recent years, novel biologic activities have been reported for plant PIs, including antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antioxidant action plus inhibition of tumor-cell growth; thus pointing to possible applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. In this review, we provide a comparative overview of plant-PIs classifying them in four groups according of their thermal and pH stability (high stability and hyperstable -to temperature and to pHs-, respectively), then emphasizing the relevance of the physicochemical characteristics of these proteins for potential biotechnological and industrial applications. Finally, we analyze the biologic activities of the stable protease inhibitors previously characterized that are the most relevant to potential applications in biomedicine, the food industry, and agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cotabarren
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe-CICPBA-UNLP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Lufrano
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe-CICPBA-UNLP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Graciela Parisi
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján, 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Walter David Obregón
- Centro de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales (CIProVe-CICPBA-UNLP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AVW, La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Samiksha, Singh D, Kesavan AK, Sohal SK. Exploration of anti-insect potential of trypsin inhibitor purified from seeds of Sapindus mukorossi against Bactrocera cucurbitae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17025. [PMID: 31745144 PMCID: PMC6863899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidase inhibitors (PIs) are defense proteins of plants which are active against gut peptidases of different insects. Sapindus mukorossi was identified as a source of bioactive PIs which could confer resistance against Bactrocera cucurbitae, a most devastating pest of several economically important crops. In the present study, a trypsin inhibitor was purified from mature dry seeds of S. mukorossi and characterized for its biochemical properties as well as its potential for bio control of B. cucurbitae. The purified fractions from RP- HPLC through SDS-PAGE gave an apparent molecular weight of ~29 kDa. S. mukorossi trypsin inhibitor (SMTI) was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor which was active over a broad range of temperature (10–100 °C) and pH (6–11). SMTI when incorporated in artificial diet inhibited the growth and development of B. cucurbitae larvae. Gene expression analysis of trypsin and chymotrypsin genes via qRT-PCR indicated that their mRNA expression was down-regulated while that of other genes namely, Catalase, Elastase, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione –S-transferase and Alkaline Phosphatase was up regulated. SMTI also showed deleterious effects against different bacterial strains. The results of this study indicated that S. mukorossi trypsin inhibitor has potential to be used as a bio control agent that can reduce the harm caused by melon fruit fly and other devastating pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Drishtant Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Kesavan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Satwinder Kaur Sohal
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Samiksha, Singh D, Kesavan AK, Sohal SK. Purification of a trypsin inhibitor from Psoralea corylifolia seeds and its influence on developmental physiology of Bactrocera cucurbitae. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1141-1150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|