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Mohammadi M, Mahdavi-Yekta M, Reihani SFS, Khorshidian N, Habibi M, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Orange Juice Concentrate Formulated with Pectin, Xanthan, and CMC Hydrocolloids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2024; 2024:7013553. [PMID: 38764943 PMCID: PMC11102114 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7013553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Orange concentrate (OC) is one of the main raw materials in the nonalcoholic beverage industry. Considering the difference in orange varieties, preserving its natural quality is essential to yield a product with favorable attributes and physical stability. Thus, the present study is aimed at assessing the effect of pectin, xanthan, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a concentration range of 0-0.2% (w/v) along with mixing temperature on Brix, pH, acidity, density, turbidity, and viscosity of OC and at calculating the model equation for each attribute. The results showed that, except for CMC, the influence of concentration, type, and amount of hydrocolloid on pH changes was insignificant. Adding each hydrocolloid individually, in pairs, or threes reduced the density, and the measured density was lower at a mixing temperature of 4°C. Also, it was observed that mixing temperature was the only factor influencing turbidity, and the values were significantly lower at 80°C compared to 4°C. A significant interaction effect of xanthan concentration and mixing temperature on the Brix was observed. Adding hydrocolloids, except pectin, resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in viscosity, and xanthan had the greatest effect on the viscosity. A suitable model was designed using pectin and xanthan, pectin and CMC, and all three gums, resulting in a final OC product with high stability and improved physical and chemical attributes. The optimized values for Brix, pH, acidity, density, turbidity, and OC viscosity were achieved using 0.08% pectin, 0.19% xanthan, and 0.08% CMC at 80°C mixing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Mahdavi-Yekta
- Department of Animal and Veterinary and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - S. Fatemeh S. Reihani
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Habibi
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russia
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Revin VV, Liyaskina EV, Parchaykina MV, Kurgaeva IV, Efremova KV, Novokuptsev NV. Production of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides: Xanthan and Bacterial Cellulose. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14608. [PMID: 37834056 PMCID: PMC10572569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, degradable biopolymers have become increasingly important as potential environmentally friendly biomaterials, providing a wide range of applications in various fields. Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are biomacromolecules, which due to their unique properties have found applications in biomedicine, foodstuff, textiles, cosmetics, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, nanoelectronics, and environmental remediation. One of the important commercial polysaccharides produced on an industrial scale is xanthan. In recent years, the range of its application has expanded significantly. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is another unique EPS with a rapidly increasing range of applications. Due to the great prospects for their practical application, the development of their highly efficient production remains an important task. The present review summarizes the strategies for the cost-effective production of such important biomacromolecules as xanthan and BC and demonstrates for the first time common approaches to their efficient production and to obtaining new functional materials for a wide range of applications, including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, environmental remediation, nanoelectronics, and 3D bioprinting. In the end, we discuss present limitations of xanthan and BC production and the line of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V. Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia; (E.V.L.); (M.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (K.V.E.); (N.V.N.)
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Prasad S, Purohit SR. Microbial exopolysaccharide: Sources, stress conditions, properties and application in food and environment: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124925. [PMID: 37236568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial glucan or exopolysaccharides (EPS) have caught an eye of researchers from decades. The unique characteristics of EPS make it suitable for various food and environmental applications. This review overviews the different types of exopolysaccharides, sources, stress conditions, properties, characterization techniques and applications in food and environment. The yield and production condition of EPS is a major factor affecting the cost and its applications. Stress conditions are very important as it stimulates the microorganism for enhanced EPS production and affects its properties. As far as application is concerned specific properties of EPS such as, hydrophilicity, less oil uptake behavior, film forming ability, adsorption potential have applications in both food and environment sector. Novel and improved method of production, feed stock and right choice of microorganisms with stress conditions are critical for desired functionality and yield of the EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanstuti Prasad
- Food and Bioprocessing Lab, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Purohit
- Food and Bioprocessing Lab, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Assam, India.
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Bhat IM, Wani SM, Mir SA, Masoodi F. Advances in xanthan gum production, modifications and its applications. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gupta S, Nadda AK, Gupta A, Singh J, Mulla SI, Sharma S. Transforming Wastes into High Value-Added Products: An Introduction. Biopolymers 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-98392-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ranganathan S, Dutta S, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Utilization of food waste streams for the production of biopolymers. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04891. [PMID: 32995604 PMCID: PMC7502569 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled decomposition of agro-industrial waste leads to extensive contamination of water, land, and air. There is a tremendous amount of waste from various sources which causes serious environmental problems. The concern in the disposal problems has stimulated research interest in the valorization of waste streams. Valorization of the wastes not only reduces the volume of waste but also reduces the contamination to the environment. Waste from food industries has great potential as primary or secondary feedstocks for biopolymer production by extraction or fermentation with pre-treatment or without pre-treatment by solid-state fermentation to obtain fermentable sugars. Various types of waste can be used as substrates for the production of biomaterials but recently more focus has been observed on the agro-industrial wastes which have a high rate of production worldwide. This review collates in detail the different food wastes used for biopolymer, technologies for the production and characterization of the biopolymers, and their economic/technical viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Ranganathan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayantani Dutta
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ozdal M, Kurbanoglu EB. Valorisation of chicken feathers for xanthan gum production using Xanthomonas campestris MO-03. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:259-263. [PMID: 30733733 PMCID: PMC6353776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Xanthan gum is an important commercial polysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas species. In this study, xanthan production was investigated using a local isolate of Xanthomonas campestris MO-03 in medium containing various concentrations of chicken feather peptone (CFP) as an enhancer substrate. CFP was produced with a chemical process and its chemical composition was determined. The addition of CFP (1–8 g/l) increased the conversion of sugar to xanthan gum in comparison with the control medium, which did not contain additional supplements. The highest xanthan production (24.45 g/l) was found at the 6 g/l CFP containing control medium in 54 h. This value was 1.73 fold higher than that of control medium (14.12 g/l). Moreover, addition of CFP improved the composition of xanthan gum; the pyruvate content of xanthan was 3.86% (w/w), higher than that of the control (2.2%, w/w). The xanthan gum yield was also influenced by the type of organic nitrogen sources. As a conclusion, CFP was found to be a suitable substrate for xanthan gum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ozdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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