1
|
Qin Y, Teng Y, Yang Y, Mao Z, Zhao S, Zhang N, Li X, Niu W. Advancements in inhibitors of crucial enzymes in the cysteine biosynthetic pathway: Serine acetyltransferase and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14573. [PMID: 38965664 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases have been jeopardized problem that threaten public health over a long period of time. The growing prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens and infectious cases have led to a decrease in the number of effective antibiotics, which highlights the urgent need for the development of new antibacterial agents. Serine acetyltransferase (SAT), also known as CysE in certain bacterial species, and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS), also known as CysK in select bacteria, are indispensable enzymes within the cysteine biosynthesis pathway of various pathogenic microorganisms. These enzymes play a crucial role in the survival of these pathogens, making SAT and OASS promising targets for the development of novel anti-infective agents. In this comprehensive review, we present an introduction to the structure and function of SAT and OASS, along with an overview of existing inhibitors for SAT and OASS as potential antibacterial agents. Our primary focus is on elucidating the inhibitory activities, structure-activity relationships, and mechanisms of action of these inhibitors. Through this exploration, we aim to provide insights into promising strategies and prospects in the development of antibacterial agents that target these essential enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuetai Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenkun Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shengyu Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weihong Niu
- Department of Pathology, Henan Key Laboratory for Digital Pathology Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao H, Song K, Hu Y, Li Q, Ma T, Li R, Chen N, Zhu S, Liu W. The role of exogenous hydrogen sulfide in mitigating cadmium toxicity in plants: A comprehensive meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30273-30287. [PMID: 38613761 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Reducing the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and mitigating its toxicity are pivotal strategies for addressing Cd pollution's threats to agriculture and human health. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as a signaling molecule, playing a crucial role in plant stress defense mechanisms. Nevertheless, a comprehensive assessment of the impact of exogenous H2S on plant growth, antioxidant properties, and gene expression under Cd stress remains lacking. In this meta-analysis, we synthesized 575 observations from 27 articles, revealing that exogenous H2S significantly alleviates Cd-induced growth inhibition in plants. Specifically, it enhances root length (by 8.71%), plant height (by 15.67%), fresh weight (by 15.15%), dry weight (by 22.54%), and chlorophyll content (by 27.99%) under Cd stress conditions. H2S boosts antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly catalase (CAT), by 39.51%, thereby reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Moreover, it impedes Cd translocation from roots to shoots, resulting in a substantial 40.19% reduction in stem Cd content. Additionally, H2S influences gene expression in pathways associated with antioxidant enzymes, metal transport, heavy metal tolerance, H2S biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. However, the efficacy of exogenous H2S in alleviating Cd toxicity varies depending on factors such as plant species, concentration of the H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), application method, and cultivation techniques. Notably, NaHS concentrations exceeding 200 μM may adversely affect plants. Overall, our study underscores the role of exogenous H2S in mitigating Cd toxicity and elucidates its mechanism, providing insights for utilizing H2S to combat Cd pollution in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanping Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Kejin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qingxiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shunqin Zhu
- School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Yu F, Chen M, Zhang Y, Qu Q, Wei Y, Xie C, Wu T, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, Dong C, Che R, Li Y. Tylosin Inhibits Streptococcus suis Biofilm Formation by Interacting With the O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase B CysM. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:829899. [PMID: 35155655 PMCID: PMC8832016 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.829899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) can decrease its virulence or modify local conditions through biofilm formation, which promotes infection persistence in vivo. Biofilm formation is an important cause of chronic drug-resistant S. suis infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether tylosin effectively inhibits S. suis biofilm formation by interacting with O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase B (CysM), a key enzymatic regulator of cysteine synthesis. Biofilm formation of the mutant (ΔcysM) strain was significantly lower compared to the wild-type ATCC 700794 strain. Tylosin inhibited cysM gene expression, decreased extracellular matrix contents, and reduced cysteine, homocysteine, and S-adenosylmethionine levels, indicating its potential value as an effective inhibitor of S. suis biofilm formation. Furthermore, using biolayer interferometry technology and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we found that tylosin and CysM could be combined directly. Overall, these results provide evidence that tylosin inhibits S. suis biofilm formation by interacting with CysM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhou
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qianwei Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanru Wei
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Xie
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunliu Dong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruixiang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruixiang Che
| | - Yanhua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Yanhua Li
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Téllez J, Amarillo A, Suarez C, Cardozo C, Guerra D, Ochoa R, Muskus C, Romero I. Prediction of potential cysteine synthase inhibitors of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania major parasites by computational screening. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106182. [PMID: 34627756 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease considered a public health problem that requires innovative strategies for its chemotherapeutic control. In the present investigation, a molecular docking approach was carried out using the protein cysteine synthase (CS) of Leishmania braziliensis (CSLb) and Leishmania major (CSLm) parasites to identify new compounds as potential candidates for the development of selective leishmaniasis therapy. CS protein sequence similarity, active site, structural modeling, molecular docking, and ADMET properties of compounds were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Molecular docking analyses identified 1000 ligands with highly promising binding affinity scores for both CS proteins. A total of 182 compounds for CSLb and 173 for CSLm were selected for more detailed characterization based on the binding energy and frequency values and ADMET properties. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-means clusterization for both CS proteins, we classified compounds into 5 clusters for CSLb and 7 for CSLm, thus providing an excellent starting point for verification of enzyme inhibition in in vitro studies. We found the ZINC16524774 compound predicted to have a high affinity and stability for both CSLb and CSLm proteins, which was also evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations. Compounds within each of the five clusters also displayed pharmacological and structural properties that make them attractive drug candidates for the development of selective cutaneous leishmaniasis chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Exoproteome Analysis of Antagonistic Interactions between the Probiotic Bacteria Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus F and Multidrug Resistant Strain of Klebsiella pneumonia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010999. [PMID: 34681658 PMCID: PMC8537075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae presents an immense threat for public health. Annually, this microorganism causes thousands of lethal nosocomial infections worldwide. Currently, it has been shown that certain strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can efficiently inhibit growth of K. pneumoniae and the formation of its biofilms; however, the active principle of such action remains unknown. In the current article, the growth inhibition of MDR K. pneumoniae by two LAB—Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus F—is demonstrated, and the nature of this inhibition studied at the level of exoproteome. This article shows that the exoproteomes of studied LAB contains both classically and non-classically secreted proteins. While for L. reuteri LR1 the substantial portion of classically secreted proteins was presented by cell-wall-degrading enzymes, for L. rhamnosus F only one out of four classically secreted proteins was presented by cell-wall hydrolase. Non-classically secreted proteins of both LAB were primarily metabolic enzymes, for some of which a possible moonlighting functioning was proposed. These results contribute to knowledge regarding antagonistic interaction between LAB and pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and set new perspectives for the use of LAB to control the spread of these microorganisms.
Collapse
|
6
|
Verma D, Gupta V. New insights into the structure and function of an emerging drug target CysE. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:373. [PMID: 34367865 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistant strains of several pathogens are major culprits of hospital-acquired nosocomial infections. An active and urgent action is necessary against these pathogens for the development of unique therapeutics. The cysteine biosynthetic pathway or genes (that are absent in humans) involved in the production of L-cysteine appear to be an attractive target for developing novel antibiotics. CysE, a Serine Acetyltransferase (SAT), catalyzes the first step of cysteine synthesis and is reported to be essential for the survival of persistence in several microbes including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Structure determination provides fundamental insight into structure and function of protein and aid in drug design/discovery efforts. This review focuses on the overview of current knowledge of structure function, regulatory mechanism, and potential inhibitors (active site as well as allosteric site) of CysE. Despite having conserved structure, slight modification in CysE structure lead to altered the regulatory mechanism and hence affects the cysteine production. Due to its possible role in virulence and vital metabolism of pathogens makes it a potential target in the quest to develop novel therapeutics to treat multi-drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309 India
| | - Vibha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kharwar S, Bhattacharjee S, Mishra AK. Bioinformatics analysis of enzymes involved in cysteine biosynthesis: first evidence for the formation of cysteine synthase complex in cyanobacteria. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:354. [PMID: 34249595 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of cysteine is crucial and critically regulated by two enzymes. i.e., serine acetyl transferase (SAT) and O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL). A descriptive account on the activity and regulatory mechanism of the enzyme is available in bacteria and plants. But no such studies yet performed in cyanobacteria, to understand the evolutionary aspect of cysteine biosynthesis and its regulation. Therefore, in our study a detailed bioinformatic analysis has been performed to understand all the possible features of cyanobacterial SATs and OAS-TLs. The analysis of SAT and OAS-TL sequences from cyanobacteria depicted that the large genome and morphological complexities favoured acquisition of these genes. Besides, conserved function of these enzymes was presumed by their sequence similarity. Further, the phylogenetic tree consisted of distinct clusters for unicellular, filamentous, and heterocytous strains. Nevertheless, the specificity pocket, SVKDR for OAS-TL having K as catalytic residue was also identified. Additionally, in silico protein modelling of SAT (SrpG) and OAS-TL (SrpH) of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was performed to gain insight into the structural attributes of the proteins. Finally, here we showed the possibility of hetero-oligomeric bi-enzyme cysteine synthase complex formation upon interaction of SAT and OAS-TL through protein-protein docking analysis thus provides a way to understand the regulation of cysteine biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02899-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Kharwar
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Samujjal Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Arun Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molecular targets for antifungals in amino acid and protein biosynthetic pathways. Amino Acids 2021; 53:961-991. [PMID: 34081205 PMCID: PMC8241756 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi cause death of over 1.5 million people every year, while cutaneous mycoses are among the most common infections in the world. Mycoses vary greatly in severity, there are long-term skin (ringworm), nail or hair infections (tinea capitis), recurrent like vaginal candidiasis or severe, life-threatening systemic, multiorgan infections. In the last few years, increasing importance is attached to the health and economic problems caused by fungal pathogens. There is a growing need for improvement of the availability of antifungal drugs, decreasing their prices and reducing side effects. Searching for novel approaches in this respect, amino acid and protein biosynthesis pathways appear to be competitive. The route that leads from amino acid biosynthesis to protein folding and its activation is rich in enzymes that are descriptive of fungi. Blocking the action of those enzymes often leads to avirulence or growth inhibition. In this review, we want to trace the principal processes of fungi vitality. We present the data of genes encoding enzymes involved in amino acid and protein biosynthesis, potential molecular targets in antifungal chemotherapy, and describe the impact of inhibitors on fungal organisms.
Collapse
|
9
|
Magalhães J, Franko N, Raboni S, Annunziato G, Tammela P, Bruno A, Bettati S, Armao S, Spadini C, Cabassi CS, Mozzarelli A, Pieroni M, Campanini B, Costantino G. Discovery of Substituted (2-Aminooxazol-4-yl)Isoxazole-3-carboxylic Acids as Inhibitors of Bacterial Serine Acetyltransferase in the Quest for Novel Potential Antibacterial Adjuvants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020174. [PMID: 33672408 PMCID: PMC7931047 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria and actinomycetales use L-cysteine biosynthesis to increase their tolerance to antibacterial treatment and establish a long-lasting infection. In turn, this might lead to the onset of antimicrobial resistance that currently represents one of the most menacing threats to public health worldwide. The biosynthetic machinery required to synthesise L-cysteine is absent in mammals; therefore, its exploitation as a drug target is particularly promising. In this article, we report a series of inhibitors of Salmonella thyphimurium serine acetyltransferase (SAT), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of L-cysteine biosynthesis. The development of such inhibitors started with the virtual screening of an in-house library of compounds that led to the selection of seven structurally unrelated hit derivatives. A set of molecules structurally related to hit compound 5, coming either from the original library or from medicinal chemistry efforts, were tested to determine a preliminary structure–activity relationship and, especially, to improve the inhibitory potency of the derivatives, that was indeed ameliorated by several folds compared to hit compound 5 Despite these progresses, at this stage, the most promising compound failed to interfere with bacterial growth when tested on a Gram-negative model organism, anticipating the need for further research efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Magalhães
- P4T Group, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (J.M.); (G.A.); (A.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Nina Franko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.F.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Samanta Raboni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.F.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (B.C.)
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giannamaria Annunziato
- P4T Group, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (J.M.); (G.A.); (A.B.); (G.C.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) ‘G. Casnati’, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5 E), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Agostino Bruno
- P4T Group, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (J.M.); (G.A.); (A.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno, 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Armao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.F.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Costanza Spadini
- Operative Unit of Animals Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.); (C.S.C.)
| | - Clotilde Silvia Cabassi
- Operative Unit of Animals Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.); (C.S.C.)
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.F.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (B.C.)
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pieroni
- P4T Group, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (J.M.); (G.A.); (A.B.); (G.C.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) ‘G. Casnati’, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-905054
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.F.); (S.R.); (S.A.); (A.M.); (B.C.)
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- P4T Group, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (J.M.); (G.A.); (A.B.); (G.C.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) ‘G. Casnati’, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaushik A, Rahisuddin R, Saini N, Singh RP, Kaur R, Koul S, Kumaran S. Molecular mechanism of selective substrate engagement and inhibitor disengagement of cysteine synthase. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100041. [PMID: 33162395 PMCID: PMC7948407 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
O-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase (OASS), referred to as cysteine synthase (CS), synthesizes cysteine from O-acetyl serine (OAS) and sulfur in bacteria and plants. The inherent challenge for CS is to overcome 4 to 6 log-folds stronger affinity for its natural inhibitor, serine acetyltransferase (SAT), as compared with its affinity for substrate, OAS. Our recent study showed that CS employs a novel competitive-allosteric mechanism to selectively recruit its substrate in the presence of natural inhibitor. In this study, we trace the molecular features that control selective substrate recruitment. To generalize our findings, we used CS from three different bacteria (Haemophilus, Salmonella, and Mycobacterium) as our model systems and analyzed structural and substrate-binding features of wild-type CS and its ∼13 mutants. Results show that CS uses a noncatalytic residue, M120, located 20 Å away from the reaction center, to discriminate in favor of substrate. M120A and background mutants display significantly reduced substrate binding, catalytic efficiency, and inhibitor binding. Results shows that M120 favors the substrate binding by selectively enhancing the affinity for the substrate and disengaging the inhibitor by 20 to 286 and 5- to 3-folds, respectively. Together, M120 confers a net discriminative force in favor of substrate by 100- to 858-folds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kaushik
- G. N. Ramachandran Protein Center, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Rahisuddin
- G. N. Ramachandran Protein Center, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Saini
- G. N. Ramachandran Protein Center, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravi P Singh
- G. N. Ramachandran Protein Center, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajveer Kaur
- G. N. Ramachandran Protein Center, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sukirte Koul
- G. N. Ramachandran Protein Center, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Kumaran
- G. N. Ramachandran Protein Center, Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|