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Lyu Y, Luo H, Chai S, Zhang Y, Fan X, Wang S, Feng Z. Discovery and characterization of a novel PKD-Fn3 domains containing GH44 endoglucanase from a Tibetan metagenomic library. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad187. [PMID: 37596069 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore novel microbial endoglucanases with unique properties derived from extreme environments by using metagenomics approach. METHODS AND RESULTS A Tibetan soil metagenomic library was applied for screening cellulase-active clones by function-based metagenomics. The candidate genes in the active clones were identified through bioinformatic analyses and heterologously expressed using an Escherichia coli system. The recombinant endoglucanases were purified and characterized using enzyme assays to determine their bioactivities, stabilities, substrate specificities, and other enzymatic properties. A novel endoglucanase gene Zfeg1907 was identified, which consisted of a glycoside hydrolase family 44 (GH44) catalytic domain along with a polycystic kidney disease (PKD) domain and a fibronectin type Ⅲ (Fn3) domain at the C terminal. Recombinant enzyme ZFEG1907 and its truncated mutant ZFEG1907t (ΔPKDΔFn3) were successfully expressed and purified. The two recombinants exhibited catalytic activities toward carboxymethyl cellulose, konjac glucomannan (KGM), and lichenan. Both enzymes had an optimal temperature of 50°C and an optimal pH value of 5.0. The catalytic activities of both recombinant enzymes were promoted by adding Zn2+ and Ca2+ at the final concentration of 10 mM. The Km value of ZFEG1907 was lower, while the kcat/Km value of ZFEG1907 was higher than those of of ZFEG1907t when using carboxymethyl cellulose, KGM, and lichenan as substrates. Structure prediction of two recombinants revealed that PKD-Fn3 domains consisted of a flexible linker and formed a β-sandwich structure. CONCLUSIONS A novel endoglucanase ZFEG1907 contained a GH44 catalytic domain and a PKD-Fn3 domain was characterized. The PKD-Fn3 domains were not indispensable for the activity but contributed to the enzyme binding of the polysaccharide substrates as a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Lyu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shumao Chai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaochen Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyang Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhang Q, Zhang X, He Y, Li Y. The synergistic action of two chitinases from Vibrio harveyi on chitin degradation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 307:120640. [PMID: 36781282 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two chitinases (VhChit2 and VhChit6) from Vibrio harveyi possessed specific activity of 36.5 and 20.8 U/mg, respectively. Structure analysis indicates that their amino acid composition of active sites is similar, but the substrate binding cleft of VhChit2 is deeper than that of VhChit6. They were shown to have a synergistic effect on chitin degradation, and the optimized degree of synergy and the degradation ratio of chitin reached 1.75 and 23.6 %, respectively. The saturated adsorption capacity of VhChit2 and VhChit6 adsorbed in 1 g of chitin was 48.5 and 33.4 mg. It was found that VhChit2 and VhChit6 had different adsorption sites on chitin, making more enzymes absorbed by chitin. Furthermore, the combined use of VhChit2 and VhChit6 increased their binding force of chitinases with the substrate. The synergistic action of VhChit2 and VhChit6 may be attributed to their different adsorption sites on chitin and the increased binding force with chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanchang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongcheng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Research Center of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China.
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3
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Bacterial chitinases: genetics, engineering and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:252. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Aktas C, Ruzgar D, Gurkok S, Gormez A. Purification and characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia chitinase with antifungal and insecticidal properties. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36369794 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2142942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the ability of bacteria to produce the chitinase enzyme, purify, and characterize the enzyme from the isolate with the best activity, and determine the use of this purified enzyme as a biocontrol agent. The chitinolytic bacterium was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The chitinase enzyme was purified 1.4 times at a 30% ammonium sulfate concentration with a yield of 40.7%. Following partial purification, the enzyme was purified by ion-exchange chromatography using HiPrep Q XL 16/10 column and HiPrep™ 26/10 desalting column with 25.34% and 18.12% yields, respectively. It was calculated that the purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 52 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum activity of the enzyme was determined at 50 °C and pH 7.0. Enzyme activity was most induced by Fe2+, while it was most inhibited by Zn2+ at 5 mM concentration. Km and Vmax values of the enzyme for colloidal chitin were calculated as 1.6419 mg/mL and 16.129 U/mg, respectively. The purified chitinase was used as a biocontrol agent against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. The enzyme was shown to be effective in reducing the growth of fungus and causing disruption of the chitin structure of potato beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Aktas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Damla Ruzgar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Gurkok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Gormez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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5
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Kim SK, Park JE, Oh JM, Kim H. Molecular Characterization of Four Alkaline Chitinases from Three Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from a Mudflat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312822. [PMID: 34884628 PMCID: PMC8658002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four chitinases were cloned and characterized from three strains isolated from a mudflat: Aeromonas sp. SK10, Aeromonas sp. SK15, and Chitinibacter sp. SK16. In SK10, three genes, Chi18A, Pro2K, and Chi19B, were found as a cluster. Chi18A and Chi19B were chitinases, and Pro2K was a metalloprotease. With combinatorial amplification of the genes and analysis of the hydrolysis patterns of substrates, Chi18A and Chi19B were found to be an endochitinase and exochitinase, respectively. Chi18A and Chi19B belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 18 (GH18) and GH19, with 869 and 659 amino acids, respectively. Chi18C from SK15 belonged to GH18 with 864 amino acids, and Chi18D from SK16 belonged to GH18 with 664 amino acids. These four chitinases had signal peptides and high molecular masses with one or two chitin-binding domains and, interestingly, preferred alkaline conditions. In the activity staining, their sizes were determined to be 96, 74, 95, and 73 kDa, respectively, corresponding to their expected sizes. Purified Chi18C and Chi18D after pET expression produced N,N′-diacetylchitobiose as the main product in hydrolyzing chitooligosaccharides and colloidal chitin. These results suggest that Chi18A, Chi18C, and Chi18D are endochitinases, that Chi19B is an exochitinase, and that these chitinases can be effectively used for hydrolyzing natural chitinous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3751
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Heterologous Expression of a Thermostable Chitinase from Myxococcus xanthus and Its Application for High Yield Production of Glucosamine from Shrimp Shell. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112808. [PMID: 34829089 PMCID: PMC8619855 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) is a widely used food supplement. Hence, enormous attention has been concerned with enzymatic production of GlcN owing to its advantage over a chemical approach. In this study, a previously unstudied chitinase gene (MxChi) in the genome of Myxococcus xanthus was cloned, expressed in recombinant soluble form and purified to homogeneity. TLC-, UPLC-, and microplate-reader- based activity tests confirmed MxChi hydrolyzes colloidal chitin to chitobiose as sole product. The optimal catalytic pH and temperature of MxChi was identified as 7.0 and 55 °C, respectively. MxChi exhibited 80% activity after 72 h incubation at 37 °C. The site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the amino acids D323A, D325A, and E327A of MxChi were in the DXDXE catalytic motif of GH18. When coupled with β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (SnHex) and deacetylase (CmCBDA), the enzyme allowed one-pot extraction of GlcN from colloidal chitin and shrimp shell. The optimal condition was 37 °C, pH 8.0, and 1/3/16.5 (MxChi/SnHex/CmCBDA), conducted by orthogonal design for the enzymatic cascades. Under this condition, the yield of GlcN was 26.33 mg from 400 mg shrimp shell. Facile recombinant in E. coli, robust thermostability and pure product herein makes newly discovered chitinase a valuable candidate for the green recycling of chitin rich waste.
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Luong NN, Tien NQD, Huy NX, Tue NH, Man LQ, Sinh DDH, Van Thanh D, Chi DTK, Hoa PTB, Loc NH. Expression of 42 kDa chitinase of Trichoderma asperellum (Ta-CHI42) from a synthetic gene in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6355433. [PMID: 34415008 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are enzymes that catalyze the degradation of chitin, a major component of the cell walls of pathogenic fungi and cuticles of insects, gaining increasing attention for the control of fungal pathogens and insect pests. Production of recombinant chitinase in a suitable host can result in a more pure product with less processing time and a significantly larger yield than that produced by native microorganisms. The present study aimed to express the synthetic chi42 gene (syncodChi42), which was optimized from the chi42 gene of Trichoderma asperellum SH16, in Escherichia coli to produce 42 kDa chitinase (Ta-CHI42); then determined the activity of this enzyme, characterizations and in vitro antifungal activity as well as its immunogenicity in mice. The results showed that Ta-CHI42 was overexpressed in E. coli. Analysis of the colloidal chitin hydrolytic activity of purified Ta-CHI42 on an agar plate revealed that this enzyme was in a highly active form. This is a neutral chitinase with pH stability in a range of 6-8 and has an optimum temperature of 45°C with thermal stability in a range of 25-35°C. The chitinolytic activity of Ta-CHI42 was almost completely abolished by 5 mM Zn2+ or 1% SDS, whereas it remained about haft under the effect of 1 M urea, 1% Triton X-100 or 5 mM Cu2+. Except for ions such as Mn2+ and Ca2+ at 5 mM that have enhanced chitinolytic activity; 5 mM of Na+, Fe2+ or Mg2+ ions or 1 mM EDTA negatively impacted the enzyme. Ta-CHI42 at 60 U/mL concentration strongly inhibited the growth of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus niger. Analysis of western blot indicated that the polyclonal antibody against Ta-CHI42 was greatly produced in mice. It can be used to analyze the expression of the syncodChi42 gene in transgenic plants, through immunoblotting assays, for resistance to pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Luong
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quang Duc Tien
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Huy
- Department of Biology, University of Education, 34 Le Loi st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Tue
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Le Quang Man
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Duc Hoang Sinh
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Van Thanh
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Kim Chi
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Phung Thi Bich Hoa
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam.,Department of Biology, University of Education, 34 Le Loi st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Loc
- Institute of Bioactive Compounds and Department of Biotechnology, University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue st, Hue 530000, Vietnam
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Xie XH, Fu X, Yan XY, Peng WF, Kang LX. A Broad-Specificity Chitinase from Penicillium oxalicum k10 Exhibits Antifungal Activity and Biodegradation Properties of Chitin. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070356. [PMID: 34201595 PMCID: PMC8307900 DOI: 10.3390/md19070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum k10 isolated from soil revealed the hydrolyzing ability of shrimp chitin and antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The k10 chitinase was produced from a powder chitin-containing medium and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography. The purified chitinase showed maximal activity toward colloidal chitin at pH 5 and 40 °C. The enzymatic activity was enhanced by potassium and zinc, and it was inhibited by silver, iron, and copper. The chitinase could convert colloidal chitin to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), (GlcNAc)2, and (GlcNAc)3, showing that this enzyme had endocleavage and exocleavage activities. In addition, the chitinase prevented the mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungi S. sclerotiorum and Mucor circinelloides. These results indicate that k10 is a potential candidate for producing chitinase that could be useful for generating chitooligosaccharides from chitinous waste and functions as a fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li-Xin Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-88661237-8024
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9
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Liu X, Liu Y, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li X, Guo D, Wang P, Xu X. Biochemical Characterization of Arylamine N-acetyltransferases From Vibrio vulnificus. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:595083. [PMID: 33537010 PMCID: PMC7847940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic bacterium that is capable of causing highly lethal diseases in humans; this pathogen is responsible for 95% of all seafood-related deaths in the United States. Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT, E.C. 2.3.1.5) is a major family of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that can biotransform aromatic amine chemicals. In this research, to evaluate the effect of NAT on acetyl group transformation in arylamine antibiotics, we first used sequence alignment to study the structure of V. vulnificus NAT [(VIBVN)NAT]. The nat gene encodes a protein of 260 amino acids, which has an approximate molecular mass of 30 kDa. Then we purified recombinant (VIBVN)NAT and determined the enzyme activity by PNPA and DTNB methods. The DTNB method indicates that this prokaryotic NAT has a particular substrate specificity towards aromatic substrates. However, (VIBVN)NAT lost most of its activity after treatment with high concentrations of urea and H2O2. In addition, we also explored the stability of the enzyme at different temperatures and pH values. In analyzing the influence of metal ions, the enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by Zn2+ and Cu2+. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were determined using hydralazine, isoniazid, 4-amino salicylic acid, and 4-chloro-3-methylaniline as substrates, and the Tm, Tagg and size distribution of (VIBVN)NAT were observed. In particular, a molecular docking study on the structure of (VIBVN)NAT was conducted to understand its biochemical traits. These results showed that (VIBVN)NAT could acetylate various aromatic amine substrates and contribute to arylamine antibiotic resistance in V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Liu
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Quality Control Department, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangjian Zhao
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
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10
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Pinski A, Zur J, Hasterok R, Hupert-Kocurek K. Comparative Genomics of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Revealed Characteristic Features of Both Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4922. [PMID: 32664682 PMCID: PMC7404187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains are efficient biocontrol agents, their field applications have raised concerns due to their possible threat to human health. The non-pathogenic Stenotrophomonas rhizophila species, which is closely related to S. maltophilia, has been proposed as an alternative. However, knowledge regarding the genetics of S. rhizophila is limited. Thus, the aim of the study was to define any genetic differences between the species and to characterise their ability to promote the growth of plant hosts as well as to enhance phytoremediation efficiency. We compared 37 strains that belong to both species using the tools of comparative genomics and identified 96 genetic features that are unique to S. maltophilia (e.g., chitin-binding protein, mechanosensitive channels of small conductance and KGG repeat-containing stress-induced protein) and 59 that are unique to S. rhizophila (e.g., glucosylglycerol-phosphate synthase, cold shock protein with the DUF1294 domain, and pteridine-dependent dioxygenase-like protein). The strains from both species have a high potential for biocontrol, which is mainly related to the production of keratinases (KerSMD and KerSMF), proteinases and chitinases. Plant growth promotion traits are attributed to the biosynthesis of siderophores, spermidine, osmoprotectants such as trehalose and glucosylglycerol, which is unique to S. rhizophila. In eight out of 37 analysed strains, the genes that are required to degrade protocatechuate were present. While our results show genetic differences between the two species, they had a similar growth promotion potential. Considering the information above, S. rhizophila constitutes a promising alternative for S. maltophilia for use in agricultural biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pinski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (J.Z.); (R.H.)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellonska Street, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (J.Z.); (R.H.)
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