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Tariq A, Meng M, Jiang X, Bolger A, Beier S, Buchmann JP, Fernie AR, Wen W, Usadel B. In-depth exploration of the genomic diversity in tea varieties based on a newly constructed pangenome of Camellia sinensis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38872506 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Tea, one of the most widely consumed beverages globally, exhibits remarkable genomic diversity in its underlying flavour and health-related compounds. In this study, we present the construction and analysis of a tea pangenome comprising a total of 11 genomes, with a focus on three newly sequenced genomes comprising the purple-leaved assamica cultivar "Zijuan", the temperature-sensitive sinensis cultivar "Anjibaicha" and the wild accession "L618" whose assemblies exhibited excellent quality scores as they profited from latest sequencing technologies. Our analysis incorporates a detailed investigation of transposon complement across the tea pangenome, revealing shared patterns of transposon distribution among the studied genomes and improved transposon resolution with long read technologies, as shown by long terminal repeat (LTR) Assembly Index analysis. Furthermore, our study encompasses a gene-centric exploration of the pangenome, exploring the genomic landscape of the catechin pathway with our study, providing insights on copy number alterations and gene-centric variants, especially for Anthocyanidin synthases. We constructed a gene-centric pangenome by structurally and functionally annotating all available genomes using an identical pipeline, which both increased gene completeness and allowed for a high functional annotation rate. This improved and consistently annotated gene set will allow for a better comparison between tea genomes. We used this improved pangenome to capture the core and dispensable gene repertoire, elucidating the functional diversity present within the tea species. This pangenome resource might serve as a valuable resource for understanding the fundamental genetic basis of traits such as flavour, stress tolerance, and disease resistance, with implications for tea breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Tariq
- HHU Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Minghui Meng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Anthony Bolger
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-4: Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo Brandt-Straße, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beier
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-4: Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo Brandt-Straße, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Jan P Buchmann
- HHU Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Björn Usadel
- HHU Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, CEPLAS, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-4: Bioinformatics, CEPLAS, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Leo Brandt-Straße, Jülich, 52425, Germany
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Zhang K, Wang X, Chen X, Zhang R, Guo J, Wang Q, Li D, Shao L, Shi X, Han J, Liu Z, Xia Y, Zhang J. Establishment of a Homologous Silencing System with Intact-Plant Infiltration and Minimized Operation for Studying Gene Function in Herbaceous Peonies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4412. [PMID: 38673996 PMCID: PMC11050706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene function verification is a crucial step in studying the molecular mechanisms regulating various plant life activities. However, a stable and efficient homologous genetic transgenic system for herbaceous peonies has not been established. In this study, using virus-induced gene silencing technology (VIGS), a highly efficient homologous transient verification system with distinctive advantages was proposed, which not only achieves true "intact-plant" infiltration but also minimizes the operation. One-year-old roots of the representative species, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., were used as the materials; prechilling (4 °C) treatment for 3-5 weeks was applied as a critical precondition for P. lactiflora to acquire a certain chilling accumulation. A dormancy-related gene named HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 31 (PlHB31), believed to negatively regulate bud endodormancy release (BER), was chosen as the target gene in this study. GFP fluorescence was detected in directly infiltrated and newly developed roots and buds; the transgenic plantlets exhibited remarkably earlier budbreak, and PlHB31 was significantly downregulated in silenced plantlets. This study established a homologous transient silencing system featuring intact-plant infiltration and minimized manipulation for gene function research, and also offers technical support and serves as a theoretical basis for gene function discovery in numerous other geophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Runlong Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Junhong Guo
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qiyao Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Lingmei Shao
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Hangzhou 311251, China;
| | - Jingtong Han
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150029, China;
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.Z.); (X.W.); (X.C.); (R.Z.); (J.G.); (Q.W.); (D.L.); (L.S.); (J.H.); (Y.X.)
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Bai A, Zhao T, Li Y, Zhang F, Wang H, Shah SHA, Gong L, Liu T, Wang Y, Hou X, Li Y. QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis reveal two major loci regulating green leaf color in non-heading Chinese cabbage. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:105. [PMID: 38622387 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two major-effect QTL GlcA07.1 and GlcA09.1 for green leaf color were fine mapped into 170.25 kb and 191.41 kb intervals on chromosomes A07 and A09, respectively, and were validated by transcriptome analysis. Non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) is a leafy vegetable with a wide range of green colors. Understanding the genetic mechanism behind broad spectrum of green may facilitate the breeding of high-quality NHCC. Here, we used F2 and F7:8 recombination inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between Wutacai (dark-green) and Erqing (lime-green) to undertake the genetic analysis and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in NHCC. The genetic investigation of the F2 population revealed that the variation of green leaf color was controlled by two recessive genes. Six pigments associated with green leaf color, including total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, lutein, and carotene were quantified and applied for QTL mapping in the RIL population. A total of 7 QTL were detected across the whole genome. Among them, two major-effect QTL were mapped on chromosomes A07 (GlcA07.1) and A09 (GlcA09.1) corresponding to two QTL identified in the F2 population. The QTL GlcA07.1 and GlcA09.1 were further fine mapped into 170.25 kb and 191.41 kb genomic regions, respectively. By comparing gene expression level and gene annotation, BraC07g023810 and BraC07g023970 were proposed as the best candidates for GlcA07.1, while BraC09g052220 and BraC09g052270 were suggested for GlcA09.1. Two InDel molecular markers (GlcA07.1-BcGUN4 and GlcA09.1-BcSG1) associated with BraC07gA023810 and BraC09g052220 were developed and could effectively identify leaf color in natural NHCC accessions, suggesting their potential for marker-assisted leaf color selection in NHCC breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianzi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feixue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zhou Y, Xu Y, Zhu GF, Tan J, Lin J, Huang L, Ye Y, Liu J. Pigment Diversity in Leaves of Caladium × hortulanum Birdsey and Transcriptomic and Metabolic Comparisons between Red and White Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:605. [PMID: 38203776 PMCID: PMC10779550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf color is a key ornamental characteristic of cultivated caladium (Caladium × hortulanum Birdsey), a plant with diverse leaf colors. However, the genetic improvement of leaf color in cultivated caladium is hindered by the limited understanding of leaf color diversity and regulation. In this study, the chlorophyll and anthocyanin content of 137 germplasm resources were measured to explore the diversity and mechanism of leaf color formation in cultivated caladium. Association analysis of EST-SSR markers and pigment traits was performed, as well as metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of a red leaf variety and its white leaf mutant. We found significant differences in chlorophyll and anthocyanin content among different color groups of cultivated caladium, and identified three, eight, three, and seven EST-SSR loci significantly associated with chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll and total anthocyanins content, respectively. The results further revealed that the white leaf mutation was caused by the down-regulation of various anthocyanins (such as cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and others). This change in concentration is likely due to the down-regulation of key genes (four PAL, four CHS, six CHI, eight F3H, one F3'H, one FLS, one LAR, four DFR, one ANS and two UFGT) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Concurrently, the up-regulation of certain genes (one FLS and one LAR) that divert the anthocyanin precursors to other pathways was noted. Additionally, a significant change in the expression of numerous transcription factors (12 NAC, 12 bZIP, 23 ERF, 23 bHLH, 19 MYB_related, etc.) was observed. These results revealed the genetic and metabolic basis of leaf color diversity and change in cultivated caladium, and provided valuable information for molecular marker-assisted selection and breeding of leaf color in this ornamental plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhou
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gen-Fa Zhu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianjun Tan
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Jingyi Lin
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Lishan Huang
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanjun Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinmei Liu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.)
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Feng Y, Yang S, Li W, Mao J, Chen B, Ma Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of ANS Family in Strawberry Fruits at Different Coloring Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12554. [PMID: 37628740 PMCID: PMC10454780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the structural characteristics, phylogeny and biological function of anthocyanin synthase (ANS) and its role in anthocyanin synthesis, members of the strawberry ANS gene family were obtained by whole genome retrieval, and their bioinformatic analysis and expression analysis at different developmental stages of fruit were performed. The results showed that the strawberry ANS family consisted of 141 members distributed on 7 chromosomes and could be divided into 4 subfamilies. Secondary structure prediction showed that the members of this family were mainly composed of random curls and α-helices, and were mainly located in chloroplasts, cytoplasm, nuclei and cytoskeletons. The promoter region of the FvANS gene family contains light-responsive elements, abiotic stress responsive elements and hormone responsive elements, etc. Intraspecific collinearity analysis revealed 10 pairs of FvANS genes, and interspecific collinearity analysis revealed more relationships between strawberries and apples, grapes and Arabidopsis, but fewer between strawberries and rice. Chip data analysis showed that FvANS15, FvANS41, FvANS47, FvANS48, FvANS49, FvANS67, FvANS114 and FvANS132 were higher in seed coat tissues and endosperm. FvANS16, FvANS85, FvANS90 and FvANS102 were higher in internal and fleshy tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the ANS gene was expressed throughout the fruit coloring process. The expression levels of most genes were highest in the 50% coloring stage (S3), such as FvANS16, FvANS19, FvANS31, FvANS43, FvANS73, FvANS78 and FvANS91. The expression levels of FvANS52 were the highest in the green fruit stage (S1), and FvANS39 and FvANS109 were the highest in the 20% coloring stage (S2). These results indicate that different members of the FvANS gene family play a role in different pigmentation stages, with most genes playing a role in the expression level of the rapid accumulation of fruit coloring. This study lays a foundation for further study on the function of ANS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Feng K, Kan XY, Liu Q, Yan YJ, Sun N, Yang ZY, Zhao SP, Wu P, Li LJ. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Growth and Quality of Water Dropwort [ Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.] under Nutrient Solution Culture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1459. [PMID: 37050085 PMCID: PMC10097307 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.) is an important vegetable crop. Nutrient liquid culture has become an important cultivation method in the production of water dropwort. However, the effects of different nutrient solution cultivation methods on the growth and quality of water dropwort remains unclear. In this study, to screen the most suitable nutrient solution formula for the cultivation of water dropwort, the effects of different nutrient solution formulas (Hoagland, Cooper, Dutch greenhouse, Garden-style, Yamasaki and SCAU) on plant physiological and quality characteristics are investigated. The plant height, root length, water content (%), distribution rate of dry matter (%), chlorophyll, VC, flavonoid, total phenolic, DPPH and dietary fiber of water dropwort under different nutrient solutions were determined. According to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of the growth index and quality index of water dropwort under different nutrient solutions, the Yamazaki nutrient solution was considered to be the most suitable nutrient solution formula for water dropwort. To further confirm the differences of water dropwort under nutrient solution culture and soil culture, the broadly targeted metabolomics were performed. A total of 485 metabolites were detected in water dropwort under optimal nutrient solution and soil cultivation. Metabolomics analysis showed that flavonoids were the most abundant differential accumulated metabolites, and most flavonoids were up-regulated. A qRT-PCR assay indicated that the structural genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (PAL, C4H, CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, UFGT) were significantly higher under the Yamasaki nutrient solution treatment. The current study provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the nutrient solution cultivation of water dropwort. Meanwhile, this study provides new insights into the study of flavonoids in water dropwort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.F.)
| | - Xia-Yue Kan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.F.)
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.F.)
| | - Ya-Jie Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.F.)
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.F.)
| | - Zhi-Yuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.F.)
| | - Shu-Ping Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.F.)
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.F.)
| | - Liang-Jun Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.F.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Zhang Y, Duan J, Wang Q, Zhang M, Zhi H, Bai Z, Zhang Y, Luo J. The Paeonia qiui R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor PqMYBF1 Positively Regulates Flavonol Accumulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1427. [PMID: 37050052 PMCID: PMC10096829 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony is a "spring colored-leaf" plant which has red leaves in early spring, and the red color of the leaves usually fades in late spring. Flavonols are one subgroup of flavonoids, and they affect the plant organs' color as co-pigments of anthocyanins. To investigate the color variation mechanism of leaves in tree peony, PqMYBF1, one flavonol biosynthesis-related MYB gene was isolated from Paeonia qiui and characterized. PqMYBF1 contained the SG7 and SG7-2 motifs which are unique in flavonol-specific MYB regulators. Subcellular localization and transactivation assay showed that PqMYBF1 localized to the nucleus and acted as a transcriptional activator. The ectopic expression of PqMYBF1 in transgenic tobacco caused an observable increase in flavonol level and the anthocyanin accumulation was decreased significantly, resulting in pale pink flowers. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that PqMYBF1 could activate the promoters of PqCHS, PqF3H, and PqFLS. These results suggested that PqMYBF1 could promote flavonol biosynthesis by activating PqCHS, PqF3H, and PqFLS expression, which leads metabolic flux from anthocyanin to flavonol pathway, resulting in more flavonol accumulation. These findings provide a new train of thought for the molecular mechanism of leaf color variation in tree peony in spring, which will be helpful for the molecular breeding of tree peony with colored foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhangzhen Bai
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling 712100, China
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8
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Xu S, Liu W, Liu X, Qin C, He L, Wang P, Kong L, Chen X, Liu Z, Ma W. DUS evaluation of nine intersubgeneric hybrids of Paeonia lactiflora and fingerprint analysis of the chemical components in the roots. Front Chem 2023; 11:1158727. [PMID: 36970400 PMCID: PMC10038168 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1158727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intersubgeneric hybrids of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeonia lactiflora pall., P. lactiflora.) cover a huge variety of systems in the genus Paeonia. In recent years, many studies have confirmed that the intersubgeneric hybrids of P. lactiflora. are rich in paeoniflorin and other medicinal ingredients, however, it has always proved difficult to clarify the medicinal value of the hybrids and whether they can be used for medicinal purposes. In this study, the consistency of the plant population was evaluated through DUS evaluation, in order to clarify whether the selected research materials had stability and consistency within the population and specificity between populations. The differences between the paeoniflorin contents in the roots of the nine intersubgeneric hybrids of the P. lactiflora. varieties and two medicinal varieties were critically compared. The differences in the chemical components of the roots of nine intersubgeneric hybrids of P. lactiflora. and reference medicine substances of P. lactiflora. and Paeonia anomala subsp. veitchii (Lynch) D. Y. Hong and K. Y. Pan (Paeonia veitchii Lynch., P. veitchii.) were explored via stoichiometric and chemical fingerprint high performance liquid chromatography analyses. The results showed that there were significant differences in the chemical compositions between the intersubgeneric hybrids of P. lactiflora. and the medicinal reference materials, and the contents of paeoniflorin were elevated such that the hybrids could be used as the raw material for extraction of paeoniflorin, thus providing an opportunity to explore the medicinal value of the hybrids. This study explored the key differential components among the varieties and provides a reference and basis for the study of the medicinal value and the identification of the intersubgeneric hybrids of the P. lactiflora. varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weili Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiubo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Jiamusi College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lianqing He
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyang Liu, ; Wei Ma,
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Experimental Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyang Liu, ; Wei Ma,
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9
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Cai W, Zhang D, Zhang X, Chen Q, Liu Y, Lin L, Xiang L, Yang Y, Xu L, Yu X, Li Y. Leaf color change and photosystem function evaluation under heat treatment revealed the stress resistance variation between Loropetalum chinense and L. chinense var. rubrum. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14834. [PMID: 36815976 PMCID: PMC9933738 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This research mainly focused on the leaf color change and photosystem function differentiation between Loropetalum chinense and its variety L. chinense var. rubrum under heat stress, which were tightly concerned about their ornamental traits and growth. L. chinense 'Xiangnong Xiangyun' (X) and L. chinense var. rubrum 'Xiangnong Fendai' (F) and L. chinense var. rubrum 'Hei Zhenzhu' (H) were chosen to be experimented on to investigate whether leaf color morphology and pigment composition could influence the adaptability of plants to high temperature in order to select foliage plants which posses stable leaf color and better adaptability for hot regions. The plants were cultured in hot environment (40 °C/33 °C, day/night) and normal environment (25 °C/18 °C, day/night). Phenotype and anatomic observation of three cultivars were made and leaf color indices and pigment contents were measured. During the experiment, H and F gradually turned green, total anthocyanins contents significantly decreased in them, however, chlorophyll b contents increased in all three cultivars. In addition, the initial fluorescence (Fo) decreased in X, while increased in H and F. For the maximum fluorescence (Fm) and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), they only increased in H and decreased in both F and X. The non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) also increased in H and decreased in F. For X, it increased at first then gradually decreased. The coefficient of photochemical quenching all increased at first then gradually decreased. Correlation analysis between showed that there was relatively strong connection between anthocyanins, flavonoids and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, especially NPQ, proved anthocyanins and flavonoids might not only involved in enriching leaf color, but also interfered with the protection of photosystem. Generally speaking, we found higher anthocyanin and flavonoids content level not only dramatically enriched the leaf color of L. chinense var. rubrum cultivars, but also offered more potential antioxidant to keep their normal growth when encountered heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Cai
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian
| | - Damao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian
| | - Qianru Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian
| | - Ling Lin
- School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University School of Economics, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian
| | - Yujie Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China,Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, Chian,Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture China, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Lin B, Ma H, Zhang K, Cui J. Regulatory mechanisms and metabolic changes of miRNA during leaf color change in the bud mutation branches of Acer pictum subsp. mono. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1047452. [PMID: 36714704 PMCID: PMC9879609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acer pictum subsp. mono is a colorful tree species with considerable ornamental and economic value. However, little is known about the metabolism and regulatory mechanism of leaf color change in A. p. subsp. mono. To reveal the molecular mechanism of leaf color change in A. p. subsp. mono, the present study examined the bud mutation branches and compared the metabolites of the red leaves (AR) of the bud mutation branches of A. p. subsp. mono with those of the green leaves (AG) of the wild-type branches. It was found that the chlorophyll and carotenoids content of the red leaves decreased significantly, while anthocyanins, and various antioxidant enzymes increased significantly compared with the green leaves. The glycosides cyanidin, pelargonidin, malvidin, petunidin, delphinidin, and peonidin were detected in AR by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The cyanidin glycosides increased, and cyanidin 3-O-glycoside was significantly upregulated. We analyzed the transcriptome and small RNA of A. p. subsp. mono leaves and detected 4061 differentially expressed mRNAs and 116 differentially expressed miRNAs. Through miRNA-mRNA association analysis, five differentially expressed modules were found; one miRNA targeted three genes, and four miRNAs targeted a single gene. Among them, miR160b, miR6300, and miR396g were found to be the key miRNAs regulating stable anthocyanin accumulation in A. p. subsp. mono leaves. By revealing the physiological response of leaf color change and the molecular regulatory mechanism of the miRNA, this study provides new insight into the molecular regulatory mechanism of leaf color change, thereby offering a foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Lin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - He Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jinteng Cui
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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11
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Qin S, Liu Y, Cui B, Cheng J, Liu S, Liu H. Isolation and functional diversification of dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase gene HvDFR from Hosta ventricosa indicate its role in driving anthocyanin accumulation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2010389. [PMID: 34951328 PMCID: PMC8967398 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural colorants are synthesized in a branch of the flavonoid pathway. Dihydroflavonol-4reductase (DFR) catalyzes dihydroflavonoids into anthocyanins biosynthesis, which is a key regulatory enzyme of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. Hosta ventricosa is an ornamental plant with elegant flowers and rich colorful leaves. How the function of HvDFR contributes to the anthocyanins biosynthesis is still unknown. In this study, the DFR homolog was identified from H. ventricosa and sequence analysis showed that HvDFR possessed the conserved NADPH binding and catalytic domains. A phylogenetic analysis showed that HvDFR was close to the clade formed with MaDFR and HoDFR in Asparagaceae. Gene expression analysis revealed that HvDFR was constitutive expressed in all tissues and expressed highly in flower as well as was positively correlated with anthocyanin content. In addition, the subcellular location of HvDFR showed that is in the nucleus and cell membrane. Overexpression of HvDFR in transgenic tobacco lines enhanced the anthocyanins accumulation along with the key genes upregulated, such as F3H, F3'H, ANS, and UFGT. Our results indicated a functional activity of the HvDFR, which provide an insight into the regulation of anthocyanins content in H. ventricosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yitong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Baiqi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
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12
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Shen Q, Xie Y, Qiu X, Yu J. The era of cultivating smart rice with high light efficiency and heat tolerance has come of age. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1021203. [PMID: 36275525 PMCID: PMC9585279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1021203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
How to improve the yield of crops has always been the focus of breeding research. Due to the population growth and global climate change, the demand for food has increased sharply, which has brought great challenges to agricultural production. In order to make up for the limitation of global cultivated land area, it is necessary to further improve the output of crops. Photosynthesis is the main source of plant assimilate accumulation, which has a profound impact on the formation of its yield. This review focuses on the cultivation of high light efficiency plants, introduces the main technical means and research progress in improving the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, and discusses the main problems and difficulties faced by the cultivation of high light efficiency plants. At the same time, in view of the frequent occurrence of high-temperature disasters caused by global warming, which seriously threatened plant normal production, we reviewed the response mechanism of plants to heat stress, introduced the methods and strategies of how to cultivate heat tolerant crops, especially rice, and briefly reviewed the progress of heat tolerant research at present. Given big progress in these area, the era of cultivating smart rice with high light efficiency and heat tolerance has come of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Shen
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Xie
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhe Qiu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Luo J, Huang W, Yan J, Fang Z, Ren M. The GzMYB-7D1 gene of Guizimai No.1 wheat is essential for seed anthocyanins accumulation and yield regulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111293. [PMID: 35643602 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are antioxidants with important benefits for human health. Therefore, they have caught the interest of plant breeding programs. In this study, GzMYB-7D1, the key gene responsible for anthocyanin synthesis regulation in the purple Guizimai No.1 wheat, was transferred into Zhonghua 11 (ZH11) rice. Compared to wild-type ZH11, anthocyanin accumulated in the seeds of GzMYB-7D1 overexpressing lines. Furthermore, anthocyanin content kept increasing in the growing panicle of GzMYB-7D1 overexpressing lines, accumulating mostly in the rice glumes and grains during maturation, along with a concomitant steady decrease in chlorophyll. Genes related to anthocyanin synthesis, including OsPAL4, Os4CL3, OsCHS, OsDFR, OsANS, and Os3GT, exhibited much higher expression in the panicles of GzMYB-7D1 overexpressing lines than in those of wild-type ZH11. Interestingly, the grain yield per plant was significantly improved in GzMYB-7D1 overexpressing lines, as indicated by a higher tiller number per plant and branching of the secondary panicle, together with a significantly higher content of total amino acids. In conclusion, the GzMYB-7D1 gene of Guizimai No.1 wheat is essential for regulating seed anthocyanin levels and grain yield in rice, and could be applied to attain rice varieties with better nutritional value and improved yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weiting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China.
| | - Mingjian Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Feng X, Liu Y, Zhou F, Zhu P. A single-base insertion in BoDFR1 results in loss of anthocyanins in green-leaved ornamental kale. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:1855-1865. [PMID: 35364697 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout assay verified that BoDFR1 drives anthocyanin accumulation in ornamental kale and that BoDFR2, an ortholog of BoDFR1, is redundant. Anthocyanins are widely distributed in nature and give plants their brilliant colors. Leaf color is an important trait for ornamental kale. In this study, we measured anthocyanin contents and performed transcriptome deep sequencing (RNA-seq) of leaves from pink and green ornamental kale. We observed substantial differences in the expression levels of the two DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE-encoding genes BoDFR1 (Bo9g058630) and its ortholog BoDFR2 (Bo2g116380) between green-leaved and pink-leaved kale by RNA-seq and RT-qPCR. We cloned and sequenced BoDFR1 and BoDFR2 from both types of kale. We identified a 1-bp insertion in BoDFR1 and a 2-bp insertion in BoDFR2 in green-leaved kale compared to the sequences obtained from pink-leaved kale, both mapping to the second exon of their corresponding gene and leading to premature termination of translation. To confirm the genetic basis of the absence of anthocyanins in green kale, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to separately knock out BoDFR1 or BoDFR2 in the pink-leaved ornamental kale inbred line P23. We detected very low accumulation of anthocyanins in the resulting mutants Bodfr1-1 and Bodfr1-2, while Bodfr2-1 and Bodfr2-2 had anthocyanin levels comparable to those of the wild-type. We conclude that the insertion in BoDFR1, rather than that in BoDFR2, underlies the lack of anthocyanins in green-leaved ornamental kale. This work provides insight into the function of DFR and will contribute to germplasm improvement of ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuhui Zhou
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengfang Zhu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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15
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Anthocyanin Accumulation and Differential Expression of the Biosynthetic Genes Result in a Discrepancy in the Red Color of Herbaceous Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) Flowers. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is an ornamental plant with huge potential in the international flower market. Similar to the flowers of most other ornamental plants, the top sellers of P. lactiflora are those with red or pink flowers. However, most studies on flower colors have focused on the novel colors and have neglected the most common red flowers. In this study, a red cultivar of P. lactiflora (‘Dafugui’) and a pink cultivar (‘Qingwen’) were selected in order to study the discrepancy in the red color of the flowers. The results demonstrate that these two cultivars have the same compositions as anthocyanins, flavones, and flavonols but different contents. ‘Dafugui’ was found to have a high accumulation of upstream substances due to the higher expression of the early genes encoding phenylalanine ammonialyase (PlPAL) and flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (PlF3′H). Moreover, the anthocyanidin synthase gene (PlANS) and UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase gene (PlUF3GT) encoding enzymes catalyze these upstream substances into anthocyanins, resulting in more redness in ‘Dafugui’ than in ‘Qingwen’. Our study thus provides a better understanding of the anthocyanin accumulation and coloring mechanism of P. lactiflora and can serve as a theoretical basis for breeding more red flowers using genetic engineering techniques to cater to consumers’ preferences.
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16
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Kamenetsky-Goldstein R, Yu X. Cut peony industry: the first 30 years of research and new horizons. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac079. [PMID: 35669702 PMCID: PMC9157654 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbaceous peony is an ancient medicinal and ornamental crop, cultivated in China and Japan for thousands of years. Numerous varieties of different colors are popular garden plants in different continents and countries. In recent decades, peony has gained a new reputation as cut flowers. Only in Europe, in 30 years, trade in cut peony stems has increased 50 fold. Today, more than 25 countries produce cut peony flowers, with primary markets in Europe, Asia and the USA. This short review summarizes the contribution of research in plant physiology to the development of new technologies of peony production and flowering advancement. Despite the popularity of cut peonies, several factors still restrict their production: complicated flowering physiology, challenges in mass propagation, and postharvest handling. Further research of biochemical and molecular mechanisms, as well as breeding of new cultivars will promote the development of the peony industry and facilitate the creation of a Global Peony Chain for the successful marketing of this beautiful flower.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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17
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Li W, Li H, Shi L, Shen P, Li Y. Leaf color formation mechanisms in Alternanthera bettzickiana elucidated by metabolite and transcriptome analyses. PLANTA 2022; 255:59. [PMID: 35128619 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The difference in leaf color among the three cultivars of A. bettzickiana is due to different chloroplast morphology and chlorophyll-to-anthocyanin ratios. Alternanthera bettzickiana is one of the most important ornamental plants in modern flower beds because of its colorful leaves. The present study examined the mechanism of leaf color formation in A. bettzickiana. Three cultivars of A. bettzickiana (red, green, and mixed red and green) were selected for comprehensive analyses of leaf color formation by examining cellular and subcellular structures and pigment biosynthesis and metabolism. The difference in leaf colors between the three cultivars of A. bettzickiana was due to different chlorophyll-to-anthocyanin ratios. A. bettzickiana 'Green' showed very low expression of CHS, F3H, and DFR, the key genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, and a low anthocyanin content but had mature chloroplasts and a green color. A. bettzickiana 'Red' exhibited a low chlorophyll content and deformed chloroplasts but a high cyanidin content and, thus, a red color. A. bettzickiana 'Variegated' presented high anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents and exhibited red and green variegation, indicating a balance between coloration and photosynthetic efficiency. These data provide a good explanation for the coloration of different cultivars of A. bettzickiana and an important reference for better explaining the color formation mechanisms of plant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huigen Li
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, No.536 Huolinhe Street West, Tongliao City, 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lisha Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Shen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yurong Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Chen X, Liu H, Wang S, Zhang C, Liu L, Yang M, Zhang J. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis provides insights into anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of red-leaved poplars. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:491-503. [PMID: 34165673 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin was highly accumulated in the leaves of red-leaved poplars; Many structural genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis were significantly up-regulated in 'Quanhong' and 'Xuanhong'; TTG2, HYH, and HY5 may be directly involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in both red-leaved poplars. The red-leaved poplar cultivars 'Quanhong' and 'Xuanhong' are bud mutations of Populus deltoides cv. 'Zhonglin 2025'. These cultivars are valued for their beautiful shape, lack of flying catkins, and ornamental leaf colors. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of red-leaved poplars is still unclear. Here, we profiled the changes of pigment content, transcriptome and proteome expression in the leaves of three poplar cultivars and the results showed that the ratios of anthocyanin to total chlorophyll in both red-leaved poplars were higher than that in 'Zhonglin 2025', indicating that the anthocyanin was highly accumulated in the leaves of red-leaved poplars. Based on the results of combined transcriptome and proteome analysis, 15 and 11 differentially expressed genes/proteins involved in anthocyanin synthesis were screened in 'Quanhong' and 'Xuanhong', respectively, indicating that the two red-leaved poplar cultivars have slightly different patterns of regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Among the 120 transcription factors, 3 (HY5, HYH, and TTG2), may be directly involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in both red-leaved poplars. This study screens the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of red-leaved poplars and lays a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism of leaf red coloration in red-leaved poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Chen
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqi Liu
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China.
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Metabolomics and transcriptome analysis of the biosynthesis mechanism of flavonoids in the seeds of Euryale ferox Salisb at different developmental stages. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:953-970. [PMID: 34009475 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids belong to polyphenolic compounds, which are widely distributed in plants and have rich functions. Euryale ferox Salisb is an important medicinal and edible homologous plant, and flavonoids are its main functional substances. However, the biosynthesis mechanism of flavonoids in E. ferox is still poorly understood. To explore the dynamic changes of flavonoid biosynthesis during the development of E. ferox seeds, the targeted flavonoid metabolome was determined. A total of 129 kinds of flavonoid metabolites were characterized in the seeds of E. ferox, including 11 flavanones, 8 dihydroflavanols, 16 flavanols, 29 flavones, 3 isoflavones, 12 anthocyanins, 29 flavonols, 6 flavonoid carbonosides, 3 chalcones and 13 proanthocyanidins. The relative content of flavonoid metabolites accumulated continuously during the development of E. ferox seeds, and reached the highest at T30. In transcriptome, the expression of key genes in the flavonoid pathway, such as PAL, CHS, F3H, FLS, ANS, was highest in T30, which was consistent with the trend of metabolites. Six candidate transcription factors (R2R3MYBs and bHLHs) may affect the biosynthesis of flavonoids by regulating the expression of structural genes. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis and exogenous ABA and SA treatment demonstrated that ABA (PYR1, PP2Cs, SnRK2s) and SA (NPR1) are involved in the positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. This study clarified the differential changes of flavonoid metabolites during the development of E. ferox seeds, confirmed that ABA and SA promote the synthesis of flavonoids, and found key candidate genes that are involved in the regulation of ABA and SA in the positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Zumahi SMAA, Arobi N, Taha H, Hossain MK, Kabir H, Matin R, Bashar MS, Ahmed F, Hossain MA, Rahman MM. Extraction, optical properties, and aging studies of natural pigments of various flower plants. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05104. [PMID: 33024874 PMCID: PMC7527660 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the extraction process of five different flowering plants utilizing different dye extraction methods and solvents (ethanol and water) to choose the best dye removal process. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of several clear functional groups for all five natural dyes. The analytical studies such as UV spectroscopy, column chromatography, and vacuum evaporation were performed to isolate the dyes from their solutions. The UV-Vis studies on the pigments of flower extracts indicated broad absorption peaks in the visible region including clear bandgaps. Among the studied pigments, Alternanthera ficoidea showed the lowest direct bandgap of 1.69 eV and an Urbach energy value of 6.33 meV. The dye extraction yield rate improvement was extended from 11.7 to 24.7% (water solvent) and 11.3-32.4% (ethanol solvent). Throughout the studies, it was observed that ethanol produced a better extraction for organic dyes than water as a solvent. Aging studies revealed that all the dyes at the room temperature showed better stability with minor changes in the observed optical parameters in oxygen-rich conditions; however, these parameters have shown significant variations at a 60 °C temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Amir-Al Zumahi
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Nourin Arobi
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Hatem Taha
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, 10071, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Md Kamal Hossain
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Humayun Kabir
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Rummana Matin
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - M S Bashar
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development (IFRD), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abul Hossain
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - M Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Discipline of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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