Influence of Caralluma adscendens Var. attenuata cold cream on UV-B damaged skin epidermal cells: a novel approach

Synthesis of Spherical Mn2O3 Nanozymes from Different Green Precursors for their Innovative Applications in Catalytic Properties and Bioactivity

Here, spherical Mn2O3 nanozymes were synthesized via a one-step green method using different green precursors, and their physicochemical properties and biological activities were monitored with various green precursors. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was performed to determine the crystalline properties and phases involved in the formation of cubic Mn2O3 nanozymes. The synthesized nanozymes were spherical and examined by SEM and FESEM studies. All of the samples synthesized using different green precursors exhibited different sizes but similar spherical shapes. Moreover, all green-synthesized nanozymes catalyzed the oxidation reaction of the chromogenic substrate 3,3'5,5' tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the absence of H2O2, and A2 (lemon-mediated Mn2O3 nanozymes), which the followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, showed the best activity. Therefore, A2 (lemon-mediated nanozyme) showed oxidase-mimicking activity with distinct Km and Vmax values calculated by the Lineweaver-Burk plot. Furthermore, the current nanozymes demonstrated a significant ability to kill both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as effectively destroy biofilms under physiological conditions. Moreover, the green-mediated nanozymes also displayed ROS-scavenging activity. Our nanozymes exhibited scavenging activity toward OH and O2-• radicals and metal chelation activity, which were investigated colorimetrically. Therefore, these nanozymes might be used as effective antibacterial agents and also for the consumption of reactive oxygen species.

Investigating the efficacy of topical application of Ipomoea carnea herbal cream in preventing skin damage induced by UVB radiation in a rat model

Ultraviolet-B irradiation is a common environmental stressor that has detrimental effects on human skin. Natural sunscreens are well-known for their ability to benefit inflamed sunburn and dry skin. This study examined the effect of formulated Ipomoea carnea herbal cream on UVB-induced skin damage. We screened the bioactive compounds of I. carnea crude extract, showing significant antioxidant activity. Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, revealing that I. carnea extract has less toxicity to vero cells (IC50 98.45 μg/mL) than to A375 cells (IC50 48.95 μg/mL). Based on this, we formulated the I. carnea herbal cream (FIHC) at 50, 100 and 200 mg concentrations and evaluated its organoleptic characteristics. Then, the rats were exposed to UVB radiation (32,800 J/m2) four times/week (on alternate days) before the cream was applied topically to the dorsal skin surface. Under UVB stress without treatment, rats showed deep dermal damage. In contrast, rats treated with the FIHC exhibited significantly reduced sunburn. Moreover, the histopathological and biochemical assays were confirmed by the topical application of FIHC, which had potentially reduced the skin elasticity and maintained the imbalanced enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. Our findings amply demonstrate that the FIHC significantly accelerated the recovery of UVB-induced lesions through antioxidant and down-regulation of skin photodamage.

Preparation and optimization of medicated cold cream using Caralluma adscendens var. attenuata for the treatment of Candida skin infection

Fungal skin infection is a major skin health issue worldwide. For the treatment of fungal infections, systematic antifungal therapies are frequently prescribed. The aim of this study is to prepare an antifungal cold cream from Caralluma adscendens var. attenuata to treat deep dermal fungal infection in the skin layer. To achieve this, different concentrations of plant extract-based cold cream were prepared, and their in vitro characteristic features such as color, texture, pH, viscosity, spreadability, stability, permeation, were analyzed together with ex vivo evaluation to identify their applicability in the treatment of acute rat skin irritation. After 72 h of induction of Candida albicans infection in rats (7 days, two times/day), C. adscendens var. attenuata cold cream was applied topically. In rats with C. albicans induction without any treatment, adverse skin damages were visible in the form of red rashes, whereas in those with the formulated cold cream application, significantly less skin damage and inflammation were observed on a dose-dependent basis. Moreover, the reduced microbial colonization and histopathology of the rat skin without any treatment indicated the successful invasion of C. albicans and showed the morphological changes caused by candidal infection. However, treatment with the C. adscendens var. attenuata cream significantly inhibited candida colonization and reversed the morphological changes. In addition, the formulated C. adscendens var. attenuata cold cream showed good spreadability, permeation, and viscosity. Hence, it can act as a potent antifungal topical agent for the treatment of C. albicans skin infection without any irritation, thus safeguarding the skin tissue.

Phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and DNA inhibition activity of Caralluma bhupenderiana Sarkaria

Introduction and Aim: Phytochemicals isolated from medicinal plants have been receiving greater attention owing to their potential therapeutic efficiency. Despite rapid developments in the field of modern medicine various herbal medications are being used to treat different types of health disorders. Caralluma bhupenderiana Sarkaria is an endemic species of the genus Caralluma. Although selected species of Caralluma have been investigated for their medicinal properties, no studies have addressed the composition of bioactive phytochemicals and its therapeutic properties. The objective was to screen the endogenous composition of C. bhupenderiana extract and evaluate its antioxidant and DNA damaging inhibitory activity. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant potential of C. bhupenderiana was determined by measuring the ability of the extracts to scavenge free radicals. Chemical bonding and structural aspects of the phytochemicals were determined by FT-IR and GC-MS. Plasmid DNA (pBR322) damage inhibition was determined by photolyzing H2O2 and exposing to ultra-violet radiation. Results: The extract was rich in flavonoids, phenols, quinones, glycosides and saponins. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups to be ‘polymeric’ OH stretch, /Methylene C-H asymmetric, esters with double bond, cyclic alkene/organic nitrates, nitro compound, ammonium ion, sulfonates. C. bhupenderiana exhibited significant antioxidant activity as evidenced by its free radical scavenging activity. The extract also exhibited complete protection against DNA damage caused by UV irradiation. Conclusion: C. bhupenderiana contains various endogenous phytochemicals that offer high antioxidant potential along with significant ability to attenuate DNA damage. C. bhupenderiana is highly therapeutic in nature and can be a good candidate for developing novel pharmacological and therapeutic molecules.

A novel synthesis, analysis and evaluation of Musa coccinea based zero valent iron nanoparticles for antimicrobial and antioxidant

Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles (MC-ZVI NPs) were synthesized from Musa coocinea peel extract as reducing and stabilizing agent using a novel synthesis technique. The synthesis of MC-ZVI NPs was confirmed using UV-vis spectroscopy showing a sharp absorption peak at 341 nm. Further the chemical and structural characterization of MC-ZVI NPs were performed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering technique (DLS). FTIR analysis revealed the presence of phytochemical molecules associated with the MC-ZVI NPs. SEM analysis revealed the synthesized MC-ZVI NPs were in spherical shaped, while DLS analysis confirmed the synthesis of poly dispersed and non-homogenous MC-ZVI NPs. The antimicrobial efficacy of MC-ZVI NPs synthesized using Musa coccinea peel extract was tested against bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis) and fungal (Aspergillus niger) pathogens. But MC-ZVI NPs exhibited maximum of 19 mm zone of inhibition against B. subtilis and A. niger. Further the free radical scavenging activity MC-ZVI NPs was confirmed using DPPH, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, FRAP assay showing displayed effective antioxidant activity. Thus, the present idea will give a fast and cost effective approach to synthesize MC-ZVI NPs with antimicrobial property for application in biomedical purposes.

Phyto Synthesis of Manganese-Doped Zinc Nanoparticles Using Carica papaya Leaves: Structural Properties and Its Evaluation for Catalytic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities

The current study aims to synthesize bimetal oxide nanoparticles (zinc and manganese ions) using the carica papaya leaf extract. The crystallite size of the nanoparticle from X-ray diffraction method was found to be 19.23 nm. The nanosheet morphology was established from Scanning Electron Microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction was used to determine the elemental content of the synthesized material. The atomic percentage of Mn and Zn was found to be 15.13 and 26.63. The weight percentage of Mn and Zn was found to be 7.08 and 10.40. From dynamic light scattering analysis, the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential was found to be 135.1 nm and −33.36 eV. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl radical, hydroxyl radical, FRAP, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging tests were used to investigate the antioxidant activity of Mn-Zn NPs. Mn-Zn NPs have substantial antioxidant properties. The photocatalytic activity of the Mn-Zn NPs was assessed by their ability to degrade Erichrome black T (87.67%), methyl red dye (78.54%), and methyl orange dye (69.79%). Additionally, it had significant antimicrobial action S. typhi showed a higher zone of inhibition 14.3 ± 0.64 mm. Mn-Zn nanoparticles were utilized as a catalyst for p-nitrophenol reduction. The bimetal oxide Mn-Zn NPs synthesized using C. papaya leaf extract exhibited promising dye degradation activity in wastewater treatment. Thus, the aforementioned approach will be a novel, low cost and ecofriendly approach.

Green Synthesis of Mn + Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Vinca rosea Extract and Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Catalytic Activities

This article outlines the preparation of manganese-doped copper nanoparticles (Mn + Cu NPs) using Vinca rosea (L.) leaf extract as a convenient and environmentally friendly substance. UV–vis, FT–IR, XRD, SEM–EDAX, and DLS instrumental techniques were employed to describe the physical and chemical properties of synthesized V. rosea extract-mediated Vr-Mn + Cu NPs. The synthesized Vr-Mn + Cu NPs were observed to be monodispersed and spherical, with an average size of 412 nm. The plant extract includes a variety of phytochemical components. The Vr-Mn + Cu NPs also have potential antioxidant and antibacterial properties against selected pathogens. The green synthesized Vr-Mn + Cu NPs showed a maximum inhibition zone of 16.33 ± 0.57 mm against E. coli. For dye degradation, MR, EBT, and MO showed the highest degradation percentage capabilities with Vr-Mn + Cu NP-based adsorbents, which were determined to be 78.54 ± 0.16, 87.67 ± 0.06, and 69.79 ± 0.36. The results clearly show that biosynthesized Vr-Mn + Cu NPs may be employed as an antioxidant, antibacterial, photocatalytic dye degradation, and catalytic agent, as well as being ecologically benign.