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Ranjan T, Ranjan Kumar R, Ansar M, Kumar J, Mohanty A, Kumari A, Jain K, Rajani K, Dei S, Ahmad MF. The curious case of genome packaging and assembly in RNA viruses infecting plants. Front Genet 2023; 14:1198647. [PMID: 37359368 PMCID: PMC10285054 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1198647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome packaging is the crucial step for maturation of plant viruses containing an RNA genome. Viruses exhibit a remarkable degree of packaging specificity, despite the probability of co-packaging cellular RNAs. Three different types of viral genome packaging systems are reported so far. The recently upgraded type I genome packaging system involves nucleation and encapsidation of RNA genomes in an energy-dependent manner, which have been observed in most of the plant RNA viruses with a smaller genome size, while type II and III packaging systems, majorly discovered in bacteriophages and large eukaryotic DNA viruses, involve genome translocation and packaging inside the prohead in an energy-dependent manner, i.e., utilizing ATP. Although ATP is essential for all three packaging systems, each machinery system employs a unique mode of ATP hydrolysis and genome packaging mechanism. Plant RNA viruses are serious threats to agricultural and horticultural crops and account for huge economic losses. Developing control strategies against plant RNA viruses requires a deep understanding of their genome assembly and packaging mechanism. On the basis of our previous studies and meticulously planned experiments, we have revealed their molecular mechanisms and proposed a hypothetical model for the type I packaging system with an emphasis on smaller plant RNA viruses. Here, in this review, we apprise researchers the technical breakthroughs that have facilitated the dissection of genome packaging and virion assembly processes in plant RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Ranjan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Ravi Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Mohammad Ansar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Jitesh Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Auroshikha Mohanty
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Anamika Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Khushbu Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Kumari Rajani
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sailabala Dei
- Deputy Director Research, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Mohammad Feza Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
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Advances in RNA-Silencing-Related Resistance against Viruses in Potato. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050731. [PMID: 35627117 PMCID: PMC9141481 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato is a major food crop that has the potential to feed the increasing global population. Potato is the fourth most important crop and a staple food for many people worldwide. The traditional breeding of potato poses many challenges because of its autotetraploid nature and its tendency toward inbreeding depression. Moreover, potato crops suffer considerable production losses because of infections caused by plant viruses. In this context, RNA silencing technology has been successfully applied in model and crop species. In this review, we describe the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms, including small-interfering RNA, microRNA, and artificial microRNA, which may be used to engineer resistance against potato viruses. We also explore the latest advances in the development of antiviral strategies to enhance resistance against potato virus X, potato virus Y, potato virus A, potato leafroll virus, and potato spindle tuber viroid. Furthermore, the challenges in RNAi that need to be overcome are described in this review. Altogether, this report would be insightful for the researchers attempting to understand the RNAi-mediated resistance against viruses in potato.
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