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Eom S, Lee SY, Park JT, Choi I. Alveoli-Like Multifunctional Scaffolds for Optical and Electrochemical In Situ Monitoring of Cellular Responses from Type II Pneumocytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301395. [PMID: 37246281 PMCID: PMC10427368 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
While breathing, alveoli are exposed to external irritants, which contribute to the pathogenesis of lung disease. Therefore, in situ monitoring of alveolar responses to stimuli of toxicants under in vivo environments is important to understand lung disease. For this purpose, 3D cell cultures are recently employed for examining cellular responses of pulmonary systems exposed to irritants; however, most of them have used ex situ assays requiring cell lysis and fluorescent labeling. Here, an alveoli-like multifunctional scaffold is demonstrated for optical and electrochemical monitoring of cellular responses of pneumocytes. Porous foam with dimensions like the alveoli structure is used as a backbone for the scaffold, wherein electroactive metal-organic framework crystals, optically active gold nanoparticles, and biocompatible hyaluronic acid are integrated. The fabricated multifunctional scaffold allows for label-free detection and real-time monitoring of oxidative stress released in pneumocytes under toxic-conditions via redox-active amperometry and nanospectroscopy. Moreover, cellular behavior can be statistically classified based on fingerprint Raman signals collected from the cells on the scaffold. The developed scaffold is expected to serve as a promising platform to investigate cellular responses and disease pathogenesis, owing to its versatility in monitoring electrical and optical signals from cells in situ in the 3D microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghyeon Eom
- Department of Life ScienceUniversity of SeoulSeoul02504Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Park
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life ScienceUniversity of SeoulSeoul02504Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied ChemistryUniversity of SeoulSeoul02504Republic of Korea
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Chan KP, Chao SH, Kah JCY. Universal mRNA Translation Enhancement with Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated to Oligonucleotides with a Poly(T) Sequence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5203-5212. [PMID: 29363938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been shown to enhance the translation of mRNA. However, the specific sequence on the DNA dictates the specific mRNA to be enhanced. This study describes poly(thymine)-functionalized AuNPs (AuNP-p(T)DNA) capable of enhancing the translation of any mRNA template that is incorporated into pcDNA6 vector with bovine growth hormone (BGH) polyadenylation signal (P(A)). We demonstrated this by incorporating four genes: green fluorescence protein (GFP), general control nonderepressible 5 (GCN5), cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1), and X-box-binding protein 1-spliced (XBP-1S) separately into pcDNA6 vector with BGH P(A) before their expression in HeLa lysate. The addition of AuNP-p(T)DNA to HeLa lysate containing GFP, GCN5, CREB1, and XBP-1S mRNA increased protein synthesis 1.80, 1.99, 1.95, and 2.20 times, respectively. Similar translation enhancement was also observed in a multiplex reaction containing the mRNA of three genes together in the lysate. Complementary p(T)DNA hybridization to the poly(A) tail of the mRNA was critical as the removal of either p(T)DNA or BGH P(A) in XBP-1S mRNA or the replacement of p(T)DNA with p(A)DNA reduced the translation back to baseline level. Finally, an optimum length of 25 nucleotides for the DNA oligomer and a AuNP-p(T)DNA:mRNA ratio of 0.658 achieved a 3.08-fold translation enhancement. The AuNP-p(T)DNA nanoconstruct could be incorporated into commercial cell-free protein synthesis kits as a universal translation enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Ping Chan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS) , #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Blk E4, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Sheng-Hao Chao
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore , 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS) , #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3, Blk E4, #04-08, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Chan KP, Gao Y, Goh JX, Susanti D, Yeo ELL, Chao SH, Kah JCY. Exploiting the Protein Corona from Cell Lysate on DNA Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced mRNA Translation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10408-10417. [PMID: 28276241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the use of DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance the synthesis of proteins in cell lysate and examines the mechanisms behind the enhanced mRNA translation. With an appropriate DNA oligomer sequence that hybridizes to the 3'-untranslated region of two mRNA of interest, insulin and green fluorescent protein (GFP), we found that these DNA conjugated AuNPs (AuNP-DNA) introduced into HeLa cell lysate enhanced the synthesis of insulin and GFP by up to 2.18 and 1.80-fold, respectively, over baseline production with just the mRNA present. The insulin synthesis was markedly reduced with non-DNA citrate-capped AuNP (1.25-fold) and AuNP-DNA with a nonspecific poly(T) sequence (1.25-fold). We showed that both nonspecific adsorption of ribosomes and translation factors to form a lysate protein corona on AuNP-DNA and weak hybridization between DNA oligomers and mRNA of interest were important factors that brought translation factors, ribosomes, and mRNA into close proximity of each other. This could reduce the recycling time of ribosomes during mRNA translation, thereby increasing the efficiency of protein synthesis. The outcome of this work shows that with rational DNA design, it could be possible to modulate intracellular biological processes with AuNP-DNA and increase their production of proteins for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Ping Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138668
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
| | - Jeremy Xianwei Goh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
| | - Dewi Susanti
- Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117546
| | - Eugenia Li Ling Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
| | - Sheng-Hao Chao
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138668
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117545
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117583
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456
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