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Weisgerber D, Hatori M, Li X, Abate AR. Polyhedral Particles with Controlled Concavity by Indentation Templating. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7475-7482. [PMID: 35578791 PMCID: PMC9161221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current methods for fabricating microparticles offer limited control over size and shape. Here, we demonstrate a droplet microfluidic method to form polyhedral microparticles with controlled concavity. By manipulating Laplace pressure, buoyancy, and particle rheology, we generate microparticles with diverse shapes and curvatures. Additionally, we demonstrate the particles provide increased capture efficiency when used for particle-templated emulsification. Our approach enables microparticles with enhanced chemical and biological functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
W. Weisgerber
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California, San Francisco 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Makiko Hatori
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California, San Francisco 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California, San Francisco 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Adam R. Abate
- Department
of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California, San Francisco 1700 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Chan
Zuckerberg Biohub 499
Illinois Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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2
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Stop-Flow Lithography for the Continuous Production of Degradable Hydrogel Achiral Crescent Microswimmers. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050798. [PMID: 35630266 PMCID: PMC9144168 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The small size of robotic microswimmers makes them suitable for performing biomedical tasks in tiny, enclosed spaces. Considering the effects of potentially long-term retention of microswimmers in biological tissues and the environment, the degradability of microswimmers has become one of the pressing issues in this field. While degradable hydrogel was successfully used to prepare microswimmers in previous reports, most hydrogel microswimmers could only be fabricated using two-photon polymerization (TPP) due to their 3D structures, resulting in costly robotic microswimmers solution. This limits the potential of hydrogel microswimmers to be used in applications where a large number of microswimmers are needed. Here, we proposed a new type of preparation method for degradable hydrogel achiral crescent microswimmers using a custom-built stop-flow lithography (SFL) setup. The degradability of the hydrogel crescent microswimmers was quantitatively analyzed, and the degradation rate in sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) of different concentrations was investigated. Cytotoxicity assays showed the hydrogel crescent microswimmers had good biocompatibility. The hydrogel crescent microswimmers were magnetically actuated using a 3D Helmholtz coil system and were able to obtain a swimming efficiency on par with previously reported microswimmers. The results herein demonstrated the potential for the degradable hydrogel achiral microswimmers to become a candidate for microscale applications.
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Bjørge IM, Correia CR, Mano JF. Hipster microcarriers: exploring geometrical and topographical cues of non-spherical microcarriers in biomedical applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:908-933. [PMID: 34908074 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Structure and organisation are key aspects of the native tissue environment, which ultimately condition cell fate via a myriad of processes, including the activation of mechanotransduction pathways. By modulating the formation of integrin-mediated adhesions and consequently impacting cell contractility, engineered geometrical and topographical cues may be introduced to activate downstream signalling and ultimately control cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. Microcarriers appear as attractive vehicles for cell-based tissue engineering strategies aiming to modulate this 3D environment, but also as vehicles for cell-free applications, given the ease in tuning their chemical and physical properties. In this review, geometry and topography are highlighted as two preponderant features in actively regulating interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. While most studies focus on the 2D environment, we focus on how the incorporation of these strategies in 3D systems could be beneficial. The techniques applied to design 3D microcarriers with unique geometries and surface topographical cues are covered, as well as specific tissue engineering approaches employing these microcarriers. In fact, successfully achieving a functional histoarchitecture may depend on a combination of fine-tuned geometrically shaped microcarriers presenting intricately tailored topographical cues. Lastly, we pinpoint microcarrier geometry as a key player in cell-free biomaterial-based strategies, and its impact on drug release kinetics, the production of steerable microcarriers to target tumour cells, and as protein or antibody biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Bjørge
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Clara R Correia
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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4
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Zhou C, Liang S, Li Y, Chen H, Li J. Fabrication of sharp-edged 3D microparticles via folded PDMS microfluidic channels. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 22:148-155. [PMID: 34870665 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00807b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
3D microparticles have promising applications in self-assembly, biomedical engineering, mechanical engineering, etc. The shape of microparticles plays a significant role in their functionalities. Although numerous investigations have been conducted to tailor the shape of microparticles, the diversity is still limited, and it remains a challenge to fabricate 3D microparticles with sharp edges. Here, we present a facile approach that combines a folded PDMS channel and orthogonal projection lithography for shaping sharp-edged 3D microparticles. By adjusting the number and the length of channel sides, both regular and irregular polyhedral cross-sections of the folded channel can be obtained. UV light with diverse patterns is applied vertically as the second shape controlling factor. A variety of 3D microparticles are obtained with sharp edges, which are potential templates for micromachining tools and abrasives. Some sharp-edged microparticles are assembled into 2D and 3D mesoscale structures, which demonstrates their prospective applications in self-assembly, tissue engineering, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yongjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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5
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Trinh KTL, Le NXT, Lee NY. Microfluidic-based fabrication of alginate microparticles for protein delivery and its application in the in vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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6
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7
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Park B, Ghoreishian SM, Kim Y, Park BJ, Kang SM, Huh YS. Dual-functional micro-adsorbents: Application for simultaneous adsorption of cesium and strontium. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128266. [PMID: 33297210 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In current work, Prussian blue (PB)- and hydroxyapatite (HAp)-embedded micro-adsorbents (PB-HAp-MAs) were rationally fabricated through an easy and flexible custom-made micronozzle system as a novel bifunctional adsorbent. The adsorption performance of the as-prepared samples was conducted based on the removal of cesium (Cs+) and strontium (Sr2+) ions. Adsorption behaviors of the PB-HAp-MAs were also evaluated as function extrusion dimensions and adsorbate concentration. The adsorption isotherm was well fitted by the Langmuir model with adsorption capacities of 24.688 mg g-1 and 29.254 mg g-1 for Cs+ and Sr2+, respectively. Specially, the enhanced adsorption activity can be synergistically attributed to the porous nature of the developed alginate backbone with a high surface area of encapsulated functional nanoparticles, thus leading to rapid saturation within 1 min. In addition, the as-synthesized PB-HAp-MAs were successfully separated from the aqueous solution within 10 s by applying a magnetic field. We expect that our findings will provide valuable guidelines towards developing highly efficient adsorbents for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjun Park
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyed Majid Ghoreishian
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon J, Park W. Microsized 3D Hydrogel Printing System using Microfluidic Maskless Lithography and Single Axis Stepper Motor. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-020-4310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yoon J, Kim Y, Suh JW, Jin YY, Jung YG, Park W. Bacterial Isolation Microwell-Plug (μWELLplug) for Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Using Morphology Analysis. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4798-4808. [PMID: 35021726 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases with high morbidity rates is crucial because it can minimize the misuse and overuse of antibiotics and increase survival rates in dreadful conditions. The conventional antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) systems used to choose appropriate antibiotics require long wait times to obtain results and cannot prevent the misuse or overuse of antibiotics by clinicians who need to quickly treat patients and cannot wait to identify the underlying cause of their symptoms. Therefore, several rapid AST (rAST) methods have been developed to provide quick test results, but they are complicated to operate, require additional equipment or materials, and give less accurate results than the conventional AST methods. In this study, we propose an rAST method that can obtain precise outcomes from a simple process with a short running time using a bacterial isolation microwell-plug (μWELLplug) in a conventional 96-well plate. The specifically designed hydrogel component of the μWELLplug provides a simple process for cell isolation and the observation of bacterial growth and morphological changes induced by a variety of antibiotic concentrations. The μWELLplug is placed over each well of the 96-well plate, and then bacterial or eukaryotic cells are isolated in the microwells and treated with different antibiotic concentrations to observe their effects. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast, eukaryote), Streptomyces atratus (actinomycetes, prokaryote), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were cultivated and tested using the μWELLplug. The minimum inhibitory concentration values from this system were obtained in 3-4 h and correlated well with those from the conventional AST methods whose running time is 18-24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsik Yoon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyoung Kim
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Yu Jin
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gyun Jung
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Ezdiatech Inc., Anyang-si 14058, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
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Lee D, Kim J, Song E, Jeong JY, Jeon EC, Kim P, Lee W. Micromirror-Embedded Coverslip Assembly for Bidirectional Microscopic Imaging. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060582. [PMID: 32532128 PMCID: PMC7345240 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
3D imaging of a biological sample provides information about cellular and subcellular structures that are important in cell biology and related diseases. However, most 3D imaging systems, such as confocal and tomographic microscopy systems, are complex and expensive. Here, we developed a quasi-3D imaging tool that is compatible with most conventional microscopes by integrating micromirrors and microchannel structures on coverslips to provide bidirectional imaging. Microfabricated micromirrors had a precisely 45° reflection angle and optically clean reflective surfaces with high reflectance over 95%. The micromirrors were embedded on coverslips that could be assembled as a microchannel structure. We demonstrated that this simple disposable device allows a conventional microscope to perform bidirectional imaging with simple control of a focal plane. Images of microbeads and cells under bright-field and fluorescent microscopy show that the device can provide a quick analysis of 3D information, such as 3D positions and subcellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (D.L.); (J.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Jihye Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (D.L.); (J.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Eunjoo Song
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (D.L.); (J.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Ji-Young Jeong
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Korea;
| | - Eun-chae Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Korea;
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (D.L.); (J.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.)
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wonhee Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (D.L.); (J.K.); (E.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Kim JA, Kommajosula A, Choi YH, Lee JR, Jeon EC, Ganapathysubramanian B, Lee W. Inertial focusing in triangular microchannels with various apex angles. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:024105. [PMID: 32231759 PMCID: PMC7093208 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We consider inertial focusing of particles in channels with triangular cross sections. The number and the location of inertial focusing positions in isosceles triangular channels can change with varying blockage ratios (a/H) and Reynolds numbers (Re). In triangular channels, asymmetric velocity gradient induced by the sloped sidewalls leads to changes in the direction and the strength of the inertial lift forces. Therefore, varying the configuration (specifically, angle) of the triangular cross section is expected to lead to a better understanding of the nature of the inertial lift forces. We fabricated triangular microchannels with various apex angles using channel molds that were shaped by a planing process, which provides precise apex angles and sharp corners. The focusing position shift was found to be affected by the channel cross section, as expected. It was determined that the direction of the focusing position shift can be reversed depending on whether the vertex is acute or obtuse. More interestingly, corner focusing modes and splitting of the corner focusing were observed with increasing Re, which could explain the origin of the inertial focusing position changes in triangular channels. We conducted fluid dynamic simulations to create force maps under various conditions. These force maps were analyzed to identify the basins of attraction of various attractors and pinpoint focusing locations using linear stability analysis. Calculating the relative sizes of the basins of attractions and exhaustively identifying the focusing positions, which are very difficult to investigate experimentally, provided us a better understanding of trends in the focusing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Aditya Kommajosula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Yo-han Choi
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Je-Ryung Lee
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Eun-chae Jeon
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
| | | | - Wonhee Lee
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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