1
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Khan MQ, Khan J, Alvi MAH, Nawaz H, Fahad M, Umar M. Nanomaterial-based sensors for microbe detection: a review. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:120. [PMID: 39080121 PMCID: PMC11289191 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Airborne microorganisms pose a significant health threat, causing various illnesses. Traditional detection methods are often slow and complex. This review highlights the potential of nanomaterial-based biosensors, particularly colorimetric sensors, for rapid and on-site detection of airborne microbes. Colorimetric sensors offer real-time visual detection without complex instrumentation. We explore the integration of these sensors with Lab-on-a-Chip technology using PDMS microfluidics. This review also proposes a novel PDMS-based colorimetric biosensor for real-time detection of airborne microbes. The sensor utilizes a color change phenomenon easily observable with the naked eye, simplifying analysis and potentially enabling point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qamar Khan
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Jahangir Khan
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abbas Haider Alvi
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hifza Nawaz
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Muhammad Fahad
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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2
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Balaban Hanoglu S, Harmanci D, Evran S, Timur S. Detection strategies of infectious diseases via peptide-based electrochemical biosensors. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 160:108784. [PMID: 39094447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases have threatened human life for as long as humankind has existed. One of the most crucial aspects of fighting against these infections is diagnosis to prevent disease spread. However, traditional diagnostic methods prove insufficient and time-consuming in the face of a pandemic. Therefore, studies focusing on detecting viruses causing these diseases have increased, with a particular emphasis on developing rapid, accurate, specific, user-friendly, and portable electrochemical biosensor systems. Peptides are used integral components in biosensor fabrication for several reasons, including various and adaptable synthesis protocols, long-term stability, and specificity. Here, we discuss peptide-based electrochemical biosensor systems that have been developed over the last decade for the detection of infectious diseases. In contrast to other reports on peptide-based biosensors, we have emphasized the following points i) the synthesis methods of peptides for biosensor applications, ii) biosensor fabrication approaches of peptide-based electrochemical biosensor systems, iii) the comparison of electrochemical biosensors with other peptide-based biosensor systems and the advantages and limitations of electrochemical biosensors, iv) the pros and cons of peptides compared to other biorecognition molecules in the detection of infectious diseases, v) different perspectives for future studies with the shortcomings of the systems developed in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Balaban Hanoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Harmanci
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory, Application and Research Center, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Serap Evran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey; Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory, Application and Research Center, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
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3
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Sarikhani E, Meganathan DP, Larsen AKK, Rahmani K, Tsai CT, Lu CH, Marquez-Serrano A, Sadr L, Li X, Dong M, Santoro F, Cui B, Klausen LH, Jahed Z. Engineering the Cellular Microenvironment: Integrating Three-Dimensional Nontopographical and Two-Dimensional Biochemical Cues for Precise Control of Cellular Behavior. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19064-19076. [PMID: 38978500 PMCID: PMC11271182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of biomaterials capable of regulating cellular processes and guiding cell fate decisions has broad implications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cell-based assays for drug development and disease modeling. Recent studies have shown that three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale physical cues such as nanotopography can modulate various cellular processes like adhesion and endocytosis by inducing nanoscale curvature on the plasma and nuclear membranes. Two-dimensional (2D) biochemical cues such as protein micropatterns can also regulate cell function and fate by controlling cellular geometries. Development of biomaterials with precise control over nanoscale physical and biochemical cues can significantly influence programming cell function and fate. In this study, we utilized a laser-assisted micropatterning technique to manipulate the 2D architectures of cells on 3D nanopillar platforms. We performed a comprehensive analysis of cellular and nuclear morphology and deformation on both nanopillar and flat substrates. Our findings demonstrate the precise engineering of single cell architectures through 2D micropatterning on nanopillar platforms. We show that the coupling between the nuclear and cell shape is disrupted on nanopillar surfaces compared to flat surfaces. Furthermore, our results suggest that cell elongation on nanopillars enhances nanopillar-induced endocytosis. We believe our platform serves as a versatile tool for further explorations into programming cell function and fate through combined physical cues that create nanoscale curvature on cell membranes and biochemical cues that control the geometry of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einollah Sarikhani
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla ,California 92093, United States
| | - Dhivya Pushpa Meganathan
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla ,California 92093, United States
| | | | - Keivan Rahmani
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla ,California 92093, United States
| | - Ching-Ting Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford ,California 94305, United States
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford ,California 94305, United States
| | - Abel Marquez-Serrano
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla ,California 92093, United States
| | - Leah Sadr
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla ,California 92093, United States
| | - Xiao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford ,California 94305, United States
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center
for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Tissue Electronics, Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples 80125, Italy
- Faculty
of Electrical Engineering and IT, RWTH, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Institute
for Biological Information Processing-Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum
Juelich, Julich 52428, Germany
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford ,California 94305, United States
| | | | - Zeinab Jahed
- Department
of NanoEngineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla ,California 92093, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla ,California 92093, United States
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4
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Zhu X, Kim TY, Kim SM, Luo K, Lim MC. Recent Advances in Biosensor Development for the Detection of Viral Particles in Foods: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15942-15953. [PMID: 37862248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Viral foodborne diseases cause serious harm to human health and the economy. Rapid, accurate, and convenient approaches for detecting foodborne viruses are crucial for preventing diseases. Biosensors integrating electrochemical and optical properties of nanomaterials have emerged as effective tools for the detection of viruses in foods. However, they still face several challenges, including substantial sample preparation and relatively poor sensitivity due to complex food matrices, which limit their field applications. Hence, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in biosensing techniques, including electrochemical, SERS-based, and colorimetric biosensors, for detecting viral particles in food samples, with emerging techniques for extraction/concentration of virus particles from food samples. Moreover, the principle, design, and advantages/disadvantages of each biosensing method are comprehensively described. This review covers the recent development of rapid and sensitive biosensors that can be used as new standards for monitoring food safety and food quality in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Yong Kim
- Research Group of Food Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Min Kim
- Research Group of Food Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ke Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Cheol Lim
- Research Group of Food Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si 34113, Republic of Korea
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5
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Guk K, Yi S, Kim H, Bae Y, Yong D, Kim S, Lee KS, Lim EK, Kang T, Jung J. Hybrid CRISPR/Cas protein for one-pot detection of DNA and RNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114819. [PMID: 36327561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics have emerged as next-generation molecular diagnostics. In CRISPR-based diagnostics, Cas12 and Cas13 proteins have been widely employed to detect DNA and RNA, respectively. Herein, we developed a novel hybrid Cas protein capable of detecting universal nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The CRISPR/hybrid Cas system simultaneously recognizes both DNA and RNA, enabling the dual detection of pathogenic viruses in a single tube. Using wild-type (WT) and N501Y mutant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as detection models, we successfully detected both virus strains with a detection limit of 10 viral copies per reaction without cross-reactivity. Furthermore, it is demonstrated the detection of WT SARS-CoV-2 and N501Y mutant variants in clinical samples by using the CRISPR/hybrid Cas system. The hybrid Cas protein is expected to be utilized in a molecular diagnostic method for infectious diseases, tissue and liquid biopsies, and other nucleic acid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeonghye Guk
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Yi
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Bae
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Republic of Korea Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Hwang CH, Lee S, Lee S, Kim H, Kang T, Lee D, Jeong KH. Highly Adsorptive Au-TiO 2 Nanocomposites for the SERS Face Mask Allow the Machine-Learning-Based Quantitative Assay of SARS-CoV-2 in Artificial Breath Aerosols. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54550-54557. [PMID: 36448483 PMCID: PMC9718102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory aerosols contain diverse potential biomarkers for early disease diagnosis. Here, we report the direct and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory aerosols using a highly adsorptive Au-TiO2 nanocomposite SERS face mask and an ablation-assisted autoencoder. The Au-TiO2 SERS face mask continuously preconcentrates and efficiently captures the oronasal aerosols, which substantially enhances the SERS signal intensities by 47% compared to simple Au nanoislands. The ultrasensitive Au-TiO2 nanocomposites also demonstrate the successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in artificial respiratory aerosols at a 100 pM concentration level. The deep learning-based autoencoder, followed by the partial ablation of nondiscriminant SERS features of spike proteins, allows a quantitative assay of the 101-104 pfu/mL SARS-CoV-2 lysates (comparable to 19-29 PCR cyclic threshold from COVID-19 patients) in aerosols with an accuracy of over 98%. The Au-TiO2 SERS face mask provides a platform for breath biopsy for the detection of various biomarkers in respiratory aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles
S. H. Hwang
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST
Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sangyeon Lee
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sejin Lee
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST
Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hanjin Kim
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology
Research Center, Korea Research Institute
of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- School
of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Doheon Lee
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Jeong
- Department
of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST
Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro,
Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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7
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Byakodi M, Shrikrishna NS, Sharma R, Bhansali S, Mishra Y, Kaushik A, Gandhi S. Emerging 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures for efficient point-of-care biosensing. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2022; 12:100284. [PMID: 36448023 PMCID: PMC9691282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 infection outbreak has raised the demand for rapid, highly sensitive POC biosensing technology for intelligent health and wellness. In this direction, efforts are being made to explore high-performance nano-systems for developing novel sensing technologies capable of functioning at point-of-care (POC) applications for quick diagnosis, data acquisition, and disease management. A combination of nanostructures [i.e., 0D (nanoparticles & quantum dots), 1D (nanorods, nanofibers, nanopillars, & nanowires), 2D (nanosheets, nanoplates, nanopores) & 3D nanomaterials (nanocomposites and complex hierarchical structures)], biosensing prototype, and micro-electronics makes biosensing suitable for early diagnosis, detection & prevention of life-threatening diseases. However, a knowledge gap associated with the potential of 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures for the design and development of efficient POC sensing is yet to be explored carefully and critically. With this focus, this review highlights the latest engineered 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials for developing next-generation miniaturized, portable POC biosensors development to achieve high sensitivity with potential integration with the internet of medical things (IoMT, for miniaturization and data collection, security, and sharing), artificial intelligence (AI, for desired analytics), etc. for better diagnosis and disease management at the personalized level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Byakodi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Narlawar Sagar Shrikrishna
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
- DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, 121001, Haryana (NCR Delhi), India
| | - Riya Sharma
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
| | - Yogendra Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, 500032, Telangana, India
- DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, 121001, Haryana (NCR Delhi), India
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8
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DNA-Wrapped CNT Sensor for Small Nucleic Acid Detection: Influence of Short Complementary Sequence. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Basu D, Hossain SM, Das J. Surface modified chitosan-silica nanocomposite porous thin film based multi-parametric optical glucose sensor. APPLIED PHYSICS. A, MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING 2022; 128:688. [PMID: 35874929 PMCID: PMC9288652 DOI: 10.1007/s00339-022-05803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a multi-parametric optical sensor based on chitosan-silica nanocomposite (CSNC) porous thin film has been developed for effective detection of glucose in pathological range. The CSNC films were surface functionalized with Glucose Oxidase enzyme via Glutaraldehyde crosslinking chains for better attachment of enzyme molecules on thin film surface. FESEM and FTIR were performed for morphological and compositional characterisation of the composite films. Five interlinked optical parameters, i.e., transmittance (T), reflectance (R), internal scattering (IS), surface scattering (SS) and output power (OP) were measured simultaneously using image processing environment for cost efficiency of the system. Effect of surface functionalization on individual parameter response was studied. It was observed that without surface functionalization only two parameters change significantly, while surface functionalization enables all five parameters. For lower and higher glucose concentration (< 17 mM and > 17 mM), IS and SS were found to be maximum sensitive among the five parameters, respectively. Maximum sensitivity of 1.2 mM-1 in IS and 1 mM-1 in SS were observed for surface functionalized samples. The sensor showed good sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility in the dynamic range of 3-30 mM and LOD of the sensor was found to be 0.76 mM. CSNC sensors were found suitable for single-time use and as mass production is possible with little amount of composite solution (250 sensors with just 10-ml composite solution), the sensor fabrication method is very much cost efficient. Image processing-based multi-parametric sensing is a novel field itself and detailed study of surface modified CSNC glucose sensors utilizing such sensing system is a unique work having potential to significantly contribute in the field of multi-parametric label-free optical biosensor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeparati Basu
- Departmemt of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Jayoti Das
- Departmemt of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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10
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Abstract
The effect of the on-going COVID-19 pandemic on global healthcare systems has underlined the importance of timely and cost-effective point-of-care diagnosis of viruses. The need for ultrasensitive easy-to-use platforms has culminated in an increased interest for rapid response equipment-free alternatives to conventional diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, western-blot assay, etc. Furthermore, the poor stability and the bleaching behavior of several contemporary fluorescent reporters is a major obstacle in understanding the mechanism of viral infection thus retarding drug screening and development. Owing to their extraordinary surface-to-volume ratio as well as their quantum confinement and charge transfer properties, nanomaterials are desirable additives to sensing and imaging systems to amplify their signal response as well as temporal resolution. Their large surface area promotes biomolecular integration as well as efficacious signal transduction. Due to their hole mobility, photostability, resistance to photobleaching, and intense brightness, nanomaterials have a considerable edge over organic dyes for single virus tracking. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of combining carbon-allotrope, inorganic and organic-based nanomaterials with virus sensing and tracking methods, starting with the impact of human pathogenic viruses on the society. We address how different nanomaterials can be used in various virus sensing platforms (e.g. lab-on-a-chip, paper, and smartphone-based point-of-care systems) as well as in virus tracking applications. We discuss the enormous potential for the use of nanomaterials as simple, versatile, and affordable tools for detecting and tracing viruses infectious to humans, animals, plants as well as bacteria. We present latest examples in this direction by emphasizing major advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqsit Pirzada
- Technical University of Berlin, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Berlin 10623, Germany. .,Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Technical University of Berlin, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Maths, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Berlin 10623, Germany. .,Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Mittal D, Ali SA. Use of Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Treatment: The Advancement of Next-Generation Antiviral Therapy. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:670-697. [PMID: 35696335 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, viral illness propagation is the leading cause of morbidity and death, causing wreaking havoc on socioeconomic development and health care systems. The rise of infected individuals has outpaced the existing critical care facilities. Early and sophisticated methods are desperately required in this respect to halt the spread of the infection. Therefore, early detection of infectious agents and an early treatment approach may help minimize viral outbreaks. Conventional point-of-care diagnostic techniques such as computed tomography scan, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), X-ray, and immunoassay are still deemed valuable. However, the labor demanding, low sensitivity, and complex infrastructure needed for these methods preclude their use in distant areas. Nanotechnology has emerged as a potentially transformative technology due to its promise as an effective theranostic platform for diagnosing and treating viral infection, circumventing the limits of traditional techniques. Their unique physical and chemical characteristics make nanoparticles (NPs) advantageous for drug delivery platforms due to their size, encapsulation efficiency, improved bioavailability, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and antiviral response. This study discusses the recent research on nanotechnology-based treatments designed to combat new viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Mittal
- Nanosafety Lab, Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, India
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12
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Veni, Vidi, Vici: Immobilized Peptide-Based Conjugates as Tools for Capture, Analysis, and Transformation. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of peptide biomarkers of pathological states of the organism is often a serious challenge, due to a very complex composition of the cell and insufficient sensitivity of the current analytical methods (including mass spectrometry). One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is sample enrichment by capturing the selected components using a specific solid support. Another option is increasing the detectability of the desired compound by its selective tagging. Appropriately modified and immobilized peptides can be used for these purposes. In addition, they find application in studying the specificity and activity of proteolytic enzymes. Immobilized heterocyclic peptide conjugates may serve as metal ligands, to form complexes used as catalysts or analytical markers. In this review, we describe various applications of immobilized peptides, including selective capturing of cysteine-containing peptides, tagging of the carbonyl compounds to increase the sensitivity of their detection, enrichment of biological samples in deoxyfructosylated peptides, and fishing out of tyrosine–containing peptides by the formation of azo bond. Moreover, the use of the one-bead-one-compound peptide library for the analysis of substrate specificity and activity of caspases is described. Furthermore, the evolution of immobilization from the solid support used in peptide synthesis to nanocarriers is presented. Taken together, the examples presented here demonstrate immobilized peptides as a multifunctional tool, which can be successfully used to solve multiple analytical problems.
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