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Gonfa TG, Negessa AK, Bulto AO. Isolation, screening, and identification of chitinase-producing bacterial strains from riverbank soils at Ambo, Western Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21643. [PMID: 38027800 PMCID: PMC10665737 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that dissolve the glycosidic linkages in chitin. Chitin is a cell wall component of fungi and fund in exoskeleten of worms and arthropods. Chitinase has been applied in agriculture, as a biopesticide for the control of plant fungal infections, in medicine, and in waste management. This research aimed to isolate, screen, and identification of chitinase-producing bacteria from riverbank soils. Twenty nine chitinolytic bacteria were isolated from the river bank soil samples, from which 9 of them had strong chitinolytic properties. Chitinase production was determined by zones of hydrolysis produced after 96 h of incubation at 37 °C. The different bacterial isolates were characterized morphologically, microscopically, and biochemically and finally eight strain were identified at species level by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). From the eight, bacterial isolates investigated in this study Stenotrophomonas maltophilia showed the highest chitinase enzyme activity (625 μg/mL) followed by Pseudomonas putida with the enzyme activity of (553 μg/mL) and the least enzyme activity was recorded for Lilliottia amnigena (80 μg/mL). An incubation temperature of 45 °C, neutral pH and an incubation period of 96 h are found to be the optimum condition for the chitinase enzyme production from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The results of this study indicated the possibility of the production of chitinase from the chitinolytic bacterial isolates, which was highly useful for a variety of applications, including biocontrol of harmful insects and pathogenic fungi as well as in the biochemical, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Gudeta Gonfa
- Kotebe University of Education, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asefa Keneni Negessa
- Kotebe University of Education, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ambo Ubiversity, College of Natural and Computational Sceicnes, Department of Biology, Ambo, Ethiopia
- Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia
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Dornelas JCM, Carmo PHF, Lana UGP, Lana MAG, Paiva CAO, Marriel IE. Biocontrol potential of actinobacteria against Pantoea ananatis, the causal agent of maize white spot disease. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e268015. [PMID: 37283372 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.268015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pantoea ananatis is the causal agent of maize white spot, a foliar disease responsible for significant maize yield reduction worldwide, especially in Brazil. In general, the maize foliar diseases control involves the adoption of resistant genotypes and pesticides application. However, the use of agrochemicals can significantly cause increase production costs, damage to human health and negative environmental impacts. In this sense, the use of biological control agents has been considered among the most promising eco-friendly technologies for sustainable agriculture. Actinobacteria, particularly of Streptomyces genus, has been widely recognized as agroindustrially important microorganism due to its potential in producing diverse range of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics and enzymes. Thus, the aim of this work is to characterize and to evaluate the potential of soil actinobacteria for P. ananatis control. We observed that 59 actinobacteria strains (85%) exhibited proteolytic or chitinolytic activity. Only the strains Streptomyces pseudovenezuelae ACSL 470, that also exhibited high proteolytic activity, S. novaecaesareae ACSL 432 and S. laculatispora ACP 35 demonstrated high or moderate antagonist activity in vitro against P. ananatis. Temporal analysis of metabolites produced by these strains growth in different liquid media indicated greater antibacterial activity at 72 h. In this condition, chromatographic and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that S. pseudovenezuelae ACSL 470 strain produced neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displayed high bactericidal activity in vitro against P. ananatis. This is the first report of actinobacteria acting as potential microbial antagonists for P. ananatis control. Further studies are needed to determine the control efficacy of maize white spot disease by Streptomyces strains or their metabolites in greenhouse and field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C M Dornelas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - P H F Carmo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Micologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - U G P Lana
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - M A G Lana
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento - MAPA, Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário - LANAGRO, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brasil
| | - C A O Paiva
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
| | - I E Marriel
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei - UFSJ, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil
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Thakur D, Chauhan A, Jhilta P, Kaushal R, Dipta B. Microbial chitinases and their relevance in various industries. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:29-53. [PMID: 35972681 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth after cellulose, is composed of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) units. It is widely distributed in nature, especially as a structural polysaccharide in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and nematodes. However, the principal commercial source of chitin is the shells of marine or freshwater invertebrates. Microbial chitinases are largely responsible for chitin breakdown in nature, and they play an important role in the ecosystem's carbon and nitrogen balance. Several microbial chitinases have been characterized and are gaining prominence for their applications in various sectors. The current review focuses on chitinases of microbial origin, their diversity, and their characteristics. The applications of chitinases in several industries such as agriculture, food, the environment, and pharmaceutical sectors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Thakur
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prakriti Jhilta
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kaushal
- Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bhawna Dipta
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Du Y, Wang T, Jiang J, Wang Y, Lv C, Sun K, Sun J, Yan B, Kang C, Guo L, Huang L. Biological control and plant growth promotion properties of Streptomyces albidoflavus St-220 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza rhizosphere. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:976813. [PMID: 36110364 PMCID: PMC9468599 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.976813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Root rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a devastating disease of Salvia miltiorrhiza and dramatically affected the production and quality of Sa. miltiorrhiza. Besides the agricultural and chemical control, biocontrol agents can be utilized as an additional solution. In the present study, an actinomycete that highly inhibited F. oxysporum was isolated from rhizosphere soil and identified as based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Greenhouse assay proved that the strain had significant biological control effect against Sa. miltiorrhiza root rot disease and growth-promoting properties on Sa. miltiorrhiza seedlings. To elucidate the biocontrol and plant growth-promoting properties of St-220, we employed an analysis combining genome mining and metabolites detection. Our analyses based on genome sequence and bioassays revealed that the inhibitory activity of St-220 against F. oxysporum was associated with the production of enzymes targeting fungal cell wall and metabolites with antifungal activities. Strain St-220 possesses phosphate solubilization activity, nitrogen fixation activity, siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid production activity in vitro, which may promote the growth of Sa. miltiorrhiza seedlings. These results suggest that St. albidoflavus St-220 is a promising biocontrol agent and also a biofertilizer that could be used in the production of Sa. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Du
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tielin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- *Correspondence: Tielin Wang,
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chaogeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Lanping Guo,
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Luqi Huang,
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Boukaew S, Cheirsilp B, Yossan S, Khunjan U, Petlamul W, Prasertsan P. Utilization of palm oil mill effluent as a novel substrate for the production of antifungal compounds by Streptomyces philanthi RM-1-138 and evaluation of its efficacy in suppression of three strains of oil palm pathogen. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1990-2003. [PMID: 34564911 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to use palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a renewable resource for the production of antifungal compounds by Streptomyces philanthi RM-1-138 against Ganoderma boninense, Ceratocystis paradoxa and Curvularia oryzae. METHODS AND RESULTS The efficacy of antifungal compounds RM-1-138 against the three strains of fungal oil palm pathogen was evaluated both in vitro and on oil palm leaf segments. In vitro studies using confrontation tests on glucose yeast-malt extract (GYM) agar plates indicated that the strain RM-1-138 inhibited the growth of all three fungal pathogenic strains. The antifungal compounds produced in the GYM medium exhibited significantly higher inhibition (79%-100%) against the three fungal pathogens than using the diluted POME (50%) medium (80%-83% inhibition). The optimum condition for the production of antifungal compounds from the strain RM-1-138 was as following: POME of 47,966 mg L-1 chemical oxygen demand (COD), the initial pH at 7.0 and supplemented with yeast extract (0.4%). Meanwhile, severe morphological and internal abnormalities in C. oryzae hyphae were observed under a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. In vivo experiment on oil palm leaf segments indicated that the efficacy of the antifungal compounds RM-1-138 (DSI = 1.3) were not significantly difference in the suppression of Curvularia leaf spot compared with the two commercial chemical fungicides of mancozeb® (DSI = 1.0) and tetraconazole® (DSI = 1.3). CONCLUSIONS Antifungal compounds produced by S. philanthi RM-1-138 grown in POME have the potential to inhibit fungal pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The POME (about 47 mg L-1 COD) with the initial pH of 7.0 and supplementation of 0.4% nitrogen could be used as a culture medium for the growth and production of antifungal compounds of S. philanthi RL-1-138. In addition, the antifungal compound RM-1-138 could suppress the three strains of oil palm fungal pathogen tested on oil palm leaf segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawai Boukaew
- College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Yossan
- Division of Environmental Science, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Sisaket Rajabhat University, Sisaket, Thailand
| | - Uraiwan Khunjan
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, Thailand
| | - Wanida Petlamul
- College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Poonsuk Prasertsan
- Research and Development Office, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Krause K, Jung EM, Lindner J, Hardiman I, Poetschner J, Madhavan S, Matthäus C, Kai M, Menezes RC, Popp J, Svatoš A, Kothe E. Response of the wood-decay fungus Schizophyllum commune to co-occurring microorganisms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232145. [PMID: 32324822 PMCID: PMC7179906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are constantly interacting in a given environment by a constant exchange of signaling molecules. In timber, wood-decay fungi will come into contact with other fungi and bacteria. In naturally bleached wood, dark, pigmented lines arising from confrontation of two fungi often hint at such interactions. The metabolites (and pigment) exchange was investigated using the lignicolous basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, and co-occurring fungi and bacteria inoculated directly on sterilized wood, or on media. In interactions with competitive wood degrading fungi, yeasts or bacteria, different competition strategies and communication types were observed, and stress reactions, as well as competitor-induced enzymes or pigments were analyzed. Melanin, indole, flavonoids and carotenoids were shown to be induced in S. commune interactions. The induced genes included multi-copper oxidases lcc1, lcc2, mco1, mco2, mco3 and mco4, possibly involved in both pigment production and lignin degradation typical for wood bleaching by wood-decay fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Krause
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke-Martina Jung
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Lindner
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Imam Hardiman
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Soumya Madhavan
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Matthäus
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Kai
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Riya Christina Menezes
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Erika Kothe
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Biochemical characterization of a bifunctional chitinase/lysozyme from Streptomyces sampsonii suitable for N-acetyl chitobiose production. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1489-1499. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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8
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Microbial and viral chitinases: Attractive biopesticides for integrated pest management. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:818-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Rishad KS, Rebello S, Shabanamol PS, Jisha MS. Biocontrol potential of Halotolerant bacterial chitinase from high yielding novel Bacillus Pumilus MCB-7 autochthonous to mangrove ecosystem. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 137:36-41. [PMID: 28364802 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifaceted role of chitinase in medicine, agriculture, environmental remediation and various other industries greatly demands the isolation of high yielding chitinase producing microorganisms with improved properties. The current study aimed to investigate the isolation, characterization and biocontrol prospective of chitinase producing bacterial strains autochthonous to the extreme conditions of mangrove ecosystems. Among the 51 bacterial isolates screened, Bacillus pumilus MCB-7 with highest chitinase production potential was identified and confirmed by 16S rDNA typing. Chitinase enzyme of MCB-7 was purified; the chitin degradation was evaluated by SEM and LC-MS. Unlike previously reported B.pumilus isolates, MCB-7 exhibited highest chitinase activity of 3.36U/mL, active even at high salt concentrations and temperature up to 60°C. The crude as well as purified enzyme showed significant antimycotic activity against agricultural pathogens such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Ceratorhiza hydrophila and Fusarium oxysporum. The enzyme also exhibited biopesticidal role against larvae of Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker). [Lep.: Pyralidae], a serious agricultural pest of rice. The high chitinolytic and antimycotic potential of MCB-7 increases the prospects of the isolate as an excellent biocontrol agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of high chitinase yielding Bacillus pumilus strain from mangrove ecosystem with a biocontrol role against phytopathogenic fungi and insect larval pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rishad
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - P S Shabanamol
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - M S Jisha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
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Mander P, Cho SS, Choi YH, Panthi S, Choi YS, Kim HM, Yoo JC. Purification and characterization of chitinase showing antifungal and biodegradation properties obtained from Streptomyces anulatus CS242. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:878-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Production and purification of a hyperthermostable chitinase from Brevibacillus formosus BISR-1 isolated from the Great Indian Desert soils. Extremophiles 2014; 18:451-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Jankiewicz U, Burkowska A, Walczak M. Chitinolytic microorganisms and their possible application in environmental protection. Curr Microbiol 2013; 68:71-81. [PMID: 23989799 PMCID: PMC3889922 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of the latest research findings on the applications of microbial chitinases to biological control. Microorganisms producing these enzymes can inhibit the growth of many fungal diseases that pose a serious threat to global crop production. Currently, efforts are being made to discover producers of chitinolytic enzymes. The potential exists that natural biofungicides will replace chemical fungicides or will be used to supplement currently used fungicides, which would reduce the negative impact of chemicals on the environment and support the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland,
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RETRACTED: Marine actinobacterial metabolites: current status and future perspectives. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:311-332. [PMID: 23480961 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor. Authors and Editor agreed to retract this article because substantial parts of the text were copied from the following sources without proper attribution: Lam, K.S. (2006), Discovery of novel metabolites from marine actinomycetes. Current Opinion in Microbiology 9(3), pp. 245–251; Subramani, R., Aalbersberg, W. (2012), Marine actinomycetes: An ongoing source of novel bioactive metabolites. Microbiological Research 167(10), pp. 571–580; Dharmaraj, S. (2010), Marine Streptomyces as a novel source of bioactive substances. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 26(12), pp. 2123–2139. The authors apologize for this oversight and any inconvenience caused.
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