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A xanthine oxidase inhibit activity component from biotransformation of cholesterol by Streptomyces cellulosae WHX1301. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14160. [PMID: 36915485 PMCID: PMC10006828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroids are one of the most widely used groups of medicines presently. There are some steroid drugs that have acquired with the transformation of microorganism. It's indispensability to screen the strain that is able to utilize steroids to generate new products. This study has screened a transformation strain WHX1301 that have ability to convert cholesterol. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, the isolate WHX1301 has been demonstrated to most similar as Streptomyces cellulosae. Separation and purification of transformation product were identifying by NMR and ESI-MS. The major of product was 2,7-dihydroxycholesterol, and the by-product were 7-Hydroxycholestane-3,5-diene, Cholesterane-3,5-diene. Fortunately, 2,7-dihydroxycholesterol has inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase with a 34.8% inhibition rate at a concentration of 20 μg/ml. Using the resting cells of Streptomyces cellulosae WHX1301 to transform cholesterol, the product yield can reach 76%. Present paper is the first report regarding the microbial transformation of steroids by Streptomyces cellulosae.
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Tekucheva DN, Fokina VV, Nikolaeva VM, Shutov AA, Karpov MV, Donova MV. Cascade Biotransformation of Phytosterol to Testosterone by Mycolicibacterium neoaurum VKM Ас-1815D and Nocardioides simplex VKM Ас-2033D Strains. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722300099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nunes VO, Vanzellotti NDC, Fraga JL, Pessoa FLP, Ferreira TF, Amaral PFF. Biotransformation of Phytosterols into Androstenedione—A Technological Prospecting Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103164. [PMID: 35630641 PMCID: PMC9147728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Androstenedione (AD) is a key intermediate in the body’s steroid metabolism, used as a precursor for several steroid substances, such as testosterone, estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, testolactone, progesterone, cortisone, cortisol, prednisone, and prednisolone. The world market for AD and ADD (androstadienedione) exceeds 1000 tons per year, which stimulates the pharmaceutical industry’s search for newer and cheaper raw materials to produce steroidal compounds. In light of this interest, we aimed to investigate the progress of AD biosynthesis from phytosterols by prospecting scientific articles (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases) and patents (USPTO database). A wide variety of articles and patents involving AD and phytosterol were found in the last few decades, resulting in 108 relevant articles (from January 2000 to December 2021) and 23 patents of interest (from January 1976 to December 2021). The separation of these documents into macro, meso, and micro categories revealed that most studies (articles) are performed in China (54.8%) and in universities (76%), while patents are mostly granted to United States companies. It also highlights the fact that AD production studies are focused on “process improvement” techniques and on possible modifications of the “microorganism” involved in biosynthesis (64 and 62 documents, respectively). The most-reported “process improvement” technique is “chemical addition” (40%), which means that the addition of solvents, surfactants, cofactors, inducers, ionic liquids, etc., can significantly increase AD production. Microbial genetic modifications stand out in the “microorganism” category because this strategy improves AD yield considerably. These documents also revealed the main aspects of AD and ADD biosynthesis: Mycolicibacterium sp. (basonym: Mycobacterium sp.) (40%) and Mycolicibacterium neoaurum (known previously as Mycobacterium neoaurum) (32%) are the most recurrent species studied. Microbial incubation temperatures can vary from 29 °C to 37 °C; incubation can last from 72 h to 14 days; the mixture is agitated at 140 to 220 rpm; vegetable oils, mainly soybean, can be used as the source of a mixture of phytosterols. In general, the results obtained in the present technological prospecting study are fundamental to mapping the possibilities of AD biosynthesis process optimization, as well as to identifying emerging technologies and methodologies in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Oliveira Nunes
- By&Bio—By-Products to Bioproducts Lab, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (V.O.N.); (N.d.C.V.); (J.L.F.); (F.L.P.P.); (T.F.F.)
| | - Nathália de Castro Vanzellotti
- By&Bio—By-Products to Bioproducts Lab, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (V.O.N.); (N.d.C.V.); (J.L.F.); (F.L.P.P.); (T.F.F.)
| | - Jully Lacerda Fraga
- By&Bio—By-Products to Bioproducts Lab, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (V.O.N.); (N.d.C.V.); (J.L.F.); (F.L.P.P.); (T.F.F.)
| | - Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa
- By&Bio—By-Products to Bioproducts Lab, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (V.O.N.); (N.d.C.V.); (J.L.F.); (F.L.P.P.); (T.F.F.)
- Centro Universitário SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Felix Ferreira
- By&Bio—By-Products to Bioproducts Lab, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (V.O.N.); (N.d.C.V.); (J.L.F.); (F.L.P.P.); (T.F.F.)
| | - Priscilla Filomena Fonseca Amaral
- By&Bio—By-Products to Bioproducts Lab, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (V.O.N.); (N.d.C.V.); (J.L.F.); (F.L.P.P.); (T.F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-3938-7623
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Shao M, Zhang X, Rao Z, Xu M, Yang T, Xu Z, Yang S. Identification of steroid C27 monooxygenase isoenzymes involved in sterol catabolism and stepwise pathway engineering of Mycobacterium neoaurum for improved androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:635-647. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-02135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidase, steroid C27 monooxygenase and 3-ketosteroid-Δ1-dehydrogenase are key enzymes involved in microbial catabolism of sterols. Here, three isoenzymes of steroid C27 monooxygenase were firstly characterized from Mycobacterium neoaurum as the key enzyme in sterol C27-hydroxylation. Among these three isoenzymes, steroid C27 monooxygenase 2 exhibits the strongest function in sterol catabolism. To improve androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione production, cholesterol oxidase, steroid C27 monooxygenase 2 and 3-ketosteroid-Δ1-dehydrogenase were coexpressed to strengthen the metabolic flux to androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, and 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione catabolism, was disrupted to block the androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione degradation pathway in M. neoaurum JC-12. Finally, the recombinant strain JC-12S2-choM-ksdd/ΔkshA produced 20.1 g/L androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, which is the highest reported production with sterols as substrate. Therefore, this work is hopes to pave the way for efficient androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione production through metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Shao
- 0000 0001 0708 1323 grid.258151.a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- 0000 0001 0708 1323 grid.258151.a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- 0000 0001 0708 1323 grid.258151.a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- 0000 0001 0708 1323 grid.258151.a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Taowei Yang
- 0000 0001 0708 1323 grid.258151.a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- 0000 0001 0708 1323 grid.258151.a Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangtian Yang
- 0000 0001 2285 7943 grid.261331.4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 43210 Columbus OH USA
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Dhakal D, Rayamajhi V, Mishra R, Sohng JK. Bioactive molecules from Nocardia: diversity, bioactivities and biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:385-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-02120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nocardia spp. are catalase positive, aerobic, and non-motile Gram-positive filamentous bacteria. Many Nocarida spp. have been reported as unusual causes of diverse clinical diseases in both humans and animals. Therefore, they have been studied for a long time, primarily focusing on strain characterization, taxonomic classification of new isolates, and host pathophysiology. Currently, there are emerging interests in isolating bioactive molecules from diverse actinobacteria including Nocardia spp. and studying their biosynthetic mechanisms. In addition, these species possess significant metabolic capacity, which has been utilized for generating diverse functionalized bioactive molecules by whole cell biotransformation. This review summarizes the structural diversity and biological activities of compounds biosynthesized or biotransformed by Nocardia spp. Furthermore, the recent advances on biosynthetic mechanisms and genetic engineering approaches for enhanced production or structural/functional modification are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dhakal
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Rayamajhi
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Ravindra Mishra
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
- 0000 0004 0533 4202 grid.412859.3 Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering SunMoon University 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon 31460 Asan-si Chungnam Republic of Korea
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Giorgi V, Chaves M, Menéndez P, García Carnelli C. Bioprospecting of whole-cell biocatalysts for cholesterol biotransformation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:12. [PMID: 30604276 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms were isolated from industrial wool scouring effluents and from the soil adjacent to the wastewater treatment lagoon, both sterols-rich environments, in order to search for novel biocatalysts able to transform cholesterol. The isolates were identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, a rapid and accurate bacteria identification by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was carried out. Bacteria and fungi including representatives of the genera Fusarium, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Mucor, Aspergillus, Citrobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Exiguobacterium, Acinetobacter, Tsukamurella, Bacillus, and Streptomyces were found and evaluated for their ability to biotransform cholesterol by whole-cell treatment system. The results show that a Trichoderma koningiopsis strain, as well as two strains of Mucor circinelloides were able to transform cholesterol into value-added products. The major products were characterized as 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5α,6α-epoxycholestan-3β-ol and 5β,6β-epoxycholestan-3β-ol. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of cholesterol biotransformation by representatives of Trichoderma and Mucor genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Giorgi
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Química Orgánica y, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Michel Chaves
- LaBioChem, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Pilar Menéndez
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Química Orgánica y, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos García Carnelli
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Química Orgánica y, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Farmacognosia y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), CP 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Shao M, Zhang X, Rao Z, Xu M, Yang T, Li H, Xu Z. Enhanced Production of Androst-1,4-Diene-3,17-Dione by Mycobacterium neoaurum JC-12 Using Three-Stage Fermentation Strategy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137658. [PMID: 26352898 PMCID: PMC4564235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) production from phytosterol by Mycobacterium neoaurum JC-12, fructose was firstly found favorable as the initial carbon source to increase the biomass and eliminate the lag phase of M. neoaurum JC-12 in the phytosterol transformation process. Based on this phenomenon, two-stage fermentation by using fructose as the initial carbon source and feeding glucose to maintain strain metabolism was designed. By applying this strategy, the fermentation duration was decreased from 168 h to 120 h with the ADD productivity increased from 0.071 g/(L·h) to 0.108 g/(L·h). Further, three-stage fermentation by adding phytosterol to improve ADD production at the end of the two-stage fermentation was carried out and the final ADD production reached 18.6 g/L, which is the highest reported ADD production using phytosterol as substrate. Thus, this strategy provides a possible way in enhancing the ADD production in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
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Enhanced biotransformation of dehydroepiandrosterone to 3β,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one with Gibberella intermedia CA3-1 by natural oils addition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1497-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dihydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an essential step in the synthesis of many important pharmaceutical intermediates. However, the solution to the problem of low biohydroxylation conversion in the biotransformation of DHEA has yet to be found. The effects of natural oils on the course of dihydroxylation of DHEA to 3β,7α,15α-trihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one (7α,15α-diOH-DHEA) were studied. With rapeseed oil (2 %, v/v) addition, the bioconversion efficiency was improved, and the 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA yield was increased by 40.8 % compared with that of the control at DHEA concentration of 8.0 g/L. Meantime, the ratio of 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA to 7α-OH-DHEA was also increased by 4.5 times in the rapeseed oil-containing system. To explain the mechanism underlying the increase of 7α,15α-diOH-DHEA yield, the effects of rapeseed oil on the pH of the bioconversion system, the cell growth and integrity of Gibberella intermedia CA3-1, as well as the membrane composition were systematically studied. The addition of rapeseed oil enhanced the substrate dispersion and maintained the pH of the system during bioconversion. Cells grew better with favorable integrity. The fatty acid profile of G. intermedia cells revealed that rapeseed oil changed the cell membrane composition and improved cell membrane permeability for lipophilic substrates.
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