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Four New Species of Torula (Torulaceae, Pleosporales) from Sichuan, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020150. [PMID: 36836265 PMCID: PMC9964320 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Torula is an asexual and hyphomycetous genus in the family Torulaceae. Torula species are generally saprophytic. They have a worldwide distribution and abound in humid or freshwater habitats. In order to better understand this genus, we carried out several field collections from Sichuan, China. As a result, we obtained nine Torula isolates from dead woody substrates in terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Based on a biphasic approach of morphological examination and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB2), these collections were identified as belonging to seven Torula species. Four of them were new species (Torula chinensis, T. longiconidiophora, T. sichuanensis and T. submersa), and the other three belonged to existing species, though one was found for the first time in China (T. masonii). Morphological and updated phylogenetic delamination of the new discoveries is also discussed. This study provides further insights into our understanding of wood-based Torula species in China.
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Chen Y, Tian W, Guo Y, Madrid H, Maharachchikumbura SSN. Synhelminthosporium gen. et sp. nov. and Two New Species of Helminthosporium (Massarinaceae, Pleosporales) from Sichuan Province, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070712. [PMID: 35887467 PMCID: PMC9316862 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminthosporium is a polyphyletic genus in Massarinaceae (Pleosporales). Species of Helminthosporium are characterized by having septate and erect conidiophores, acro-pleurogenous and distoseptate conidia with a ring-shaped scar at the base. During a survey of fungal diversity in Sichuan Province, China, six Helminthosporium-like isolates were collected from dead branches of unknown trees. Five barcodes, including ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), SSU, LSU, TEF1, and RPB2 were amplified and sequenced. Morphological examination and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses revealed two new Helminthosporium species (H. chengduense sp. nov., and H. chinense sp. nov.), a new genus (Synhelminthosporium gen. nov.) with a type species Synhelminthosporium synnematoferum sp. nov., and two known species (Helminthosporium submersum and H. velutinum) within Massarinaceae. The new genus Synhelminthosporium differs from the phylogenetically closest genus Helminthosporium by producing synnematous conidiophores. This work expands our understanding of the diversity of Helminthosporium-like taxa in Sichuan Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (Y.C.); (W.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Wenhui Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (Y.C.); (W.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yaobin Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (Y.C.); (W.T.); (Y.G.)
| | - Hugo Madrid
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Sede Iquique, Av. Luis Emilio Recabarren 2477, Iquique 1100000, Chile;
| | - Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (Y.C.); (W.T.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: or
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3
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Wang Q, Yang R, Peng W, Yang Y, Ma X, Zhang W, Ji A, Liu L, Liu P, Yan L, Hu X. Tea Plants With Gray Blight Have Altered Root Exudates That Recruit a Beneficial Rhizosphere Microbiome to Prime Immunity Against Aboveground Pathogen Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:774438. [PMID: 34925281 PMCID: PMC8672095 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.774438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea gray blight disease and its existing control measures have had a negative impact on the sustainable development of tea gardens. However, our knowledge of safe and effective biological control measures is limited. It is critical to explore beneficial microbial communities in the tea rhizosphere for the control of tea gray blight. In this study, we prepared conditioned soil by inoculating Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis on tea seedling leaves. Thereafter, we examined the growth performance and disease resistance of fresh tea seedlings grown in conditioned and control soils. Next, the rhizosphere microbial community and root exudates of tea seedlings infected by the pathogen were analyzed. In addition, we also evaluated the effects of the rhizosphere microbial community and root exudates induced by pathogens on the performance of tea seedlings. The results showed that tea seedlings grown in conditioned soil had lower disease index values and higher growth vigor. Soil microbiome analysis revealed that the fungal and bacterial communities of the rhizosphere were altered upon infection with Ps. camelliae-sinensis. Genus-level analysis showed that the abundance of the fungi Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Gliocladiopsis and the bacteria Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Bacillus, and Burkholderia were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the conditioned soil. Through isolation, culture, and inoculation tests, we found that most isolates from the induced microbial genera could inhibit the infection of tea gray blight pathogen and promote tea seedling growth. The results of root exudate analysis showed that infected tea seedlings exhibited significantly higher exudate levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids and lower exudate levels of amino acids and organic acids. Exogenously applied phenolic acids and flavonoids suppressed gray blight disease by regulating the rhizosphere microbial community. In summary, our findings suggest that tea plants with gray blight can recruit beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms by altering their root exudates, thereby improving the disease resistance of tea plants growing in the same soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,Puer Institute of Pu-Erh Tea, Pu'er City, China.,College of Pu'er Tea, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er City, China
| | - Ruijuan Yang
- Puer Institute of Pu-Erh Tea, Pu'er City, China.,College of Pu'er Tea, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er City, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenshu Peng
- Puer Institute of Pu-Erh Tea, Pu'er City, China.,College of Pu'er Tea, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er City, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- School of Biological and Chemical Science, Pu'er University, Pu'er City, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Puer Institute of Pu-Erh Tea, Pu'er City, China.,College of Pu'er Tea, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er City, China
| | - Aibing Ji
- Puer Institute of Pu-Erh Tea, Pu'er City, China.,College of Pu'er Tea, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er City, China
| | - Li Liu
- Puer Institute of Pu-Erh Tea, Pu'er City, China.,College of Pu'er Tea, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er City, China
| | - Pei Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Puer Institute of Pu-Erh Tea, Pu'er City, China.,College of Pu'er Tea, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Pu'er City, China
| | - Xianqi Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Herrera H, Soto J, de Bashan LE, Sampedro I, Arriagada C. Root-Associated Fungal Communities in Two Populations of the Fully Mycoheterotrophic Plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in Southern Chile. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E586. [PMID: 31756978 PMCID: PMC6955791 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiological interactions of the roots of non-photosynthetic plants in South America have been scarcely explored. This study analyzes culturable fungal diversity associated with the mycoheterotrophic plant Arachnitis uniflora Phil. (Corsiaceae) in southern Chile, growing in two different understoreys of native (Nothofagus-dominated) and mixed forest (native, Cupressus sempervirens, and Pinus radiata). Rhizospheric and endophytic fungi were isolated, cultured, and purified to identify microorganisms associated with A. uniflora roots. We showed the different fungi associated with the plant, and that these distributions are influenced by the sampling site. We isolated 410 fungal strains (144 endophytic and 266 from the rhizosphere). We identified 13 operative taxonomical units from plants sampled in the mixed forest, while 15 were from the native forest. Rhizospheric microorganisms were mainly related to Penicillium spp., whereas some pathogenic and saprophytic strains were more frequent inside the roots. Our results have also shown that the fungal strains are weak for phosphate solubilization, but other pathways such as organic acid exudation and indole acetic acid production can be considered as major mechanisms to stimulate plant growth. Our results point to new fungal associates of A. uniflora plants reported in Andean ecosystems, identifying new beneficial endophytic fungi associated with roots of this fully mycoheterotrophic plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Temuco, Chile; (H.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Javiera Soto
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Temuco, Chile; (H.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Luz E. de Bashan
- The Bashan Institute of Science, 1730 Post Oak Court, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Inmaculada Sampedro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Cesar Arriagada
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, 01145 Temuco, Chile; (H.H.); (J.S.)
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Luo L, Guo C, Wang L, Zhang J, Deng L, Luo K, Huang H, Liu Y, Mei X, Zhu S, Yang M. Negative Plant-Soil Feedback Driven by Re-assemblage of the Rhizosphere Microbiome With the Growth of Panax notoginseng. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1597. [PMID: 31404300 PMCID: PMC6676394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a concerted understanding of the accumulation of soil pathogens as the major driving factor of negative plant-soil feedback (NPSF). However, our knowledge of the connection between plant growth, pathogen build-up and soil microbiome assemblage is limited. In this study, significant negative feedback between the soil and sanqi (Panax notoginseng) was found, which were caused by the build-up of the soil-borne pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, and Monographella cucumerina. Soil microbiome analysis revealed that the rhizospheric fungal and bacterial communities were changed with the growth of sanqi. Deep analysis of the phylum and genus levels corroborated that rhizospheric fungal Ascomycota, including the soil-borne pathogens F. oxysporum, F. solani, and especially M. cucumerina, were significantly enriched with the growth of sanqi. However, the bacteria Firmicutes and Acidobacteria, including the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Burkholderia, were significantly suppressed with the growth of sanqi. Using microbial isolation and in vitro dual culture tests, we found that most isolates derived from the suppressed bacterial genera showed strong antagonistic ability against the growth of sanqi soil-borne pathogens. Interestingly, inoculation of these suppressed isolates in consecutively cultivated soil could significantly alleviate NPSF. In summary, sanqi growth can suppress antagonistic bacteria through re-assemblage of the rhizosphere microbiome and cause the accumulation of soil-borne pathogens, eventually building negative feedback loops between the soil and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Luo
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Cunwu Guo
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Luotao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Linmei Deng
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kaifeng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyue Mei
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Liu J, Deng JC, Yang CQ, Huang N, Chang XL, Zhang J, Yang F, Liu WG, Wang XC, Yong TW, Du JB, Shu K, Yang WY. Fungal Diversity in Field Mold-Damaged Soybean Fruits and Pathogenicity Identification Based on High-Throughput rDNA Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:779. [PMID: 28515718 PMCID: PMC5413577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous rain and an abnormally wet climate during harvest can easily lead to soybean plants being damaged by field mold (FM), which can reduce seed yield and quality. However, to date, the underlying pathogen and its resistance mechanism have remained unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the fungal diversity of various soybean varieties and to identify and confirm the FM pathogenic fungi. A total of 62,382 fungal ITS1 sequences clustered into 164 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 97% sequence similarity; 69 taxa were recovered from the samples by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. The fungal community compositions differed among the tested soybeans, with 42 OTUs being amplified from all varieties. The quadratic relationships between fungal diversity and organ-specific mildew indexes were analyzed, confirming that mildew on soybean pods can mitigate FM damage to the seeds. In addition, four potentially pathogenic fungi were isolated from FM-damaged soybean fruits; morphological and molecular identification confirmed these fungi as Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium moniliforme, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Further re-inoculation experiments demonstrated that F. moniliforme is dominant among these FM pathogenic fungi. These results lay the foundation for future studies on mitigating or preventing FM damage to soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
| | - Jun-Cai Deng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
| | - Cai-Qiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Ni Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Li Chang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
| | - Wei-Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
| | - Tai-Wen Yong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
| | - Jun-Bo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
| | - Wen-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of AgricultureChengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping SystemChengdu, China
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