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Pseudomonas stutzeri Immobilized Sawdust Biochar for Nickel Ion Removal. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel ions generated from the electroplating industry and stainless steel and battery manufacturing industries contribute to water pollution, harm human health, and pose environmental risks. A long-term, sustainable, and efficient treatment method should be developed to address this issue. Bioremediation in the presence of biochar and microorganisms is a potential approach for metal ion abatement. This study evaluates the feasibility of Pseudomonas stutzeri immobilized sawdust biochar (PSDB) for Ni2+ removal. Sawdust biochar was prepared by pyrolyzing in a muffle furnace and was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and BET. The influence of biochar preparation parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, time on biochar yield, and impact on cell immobilization was investigated. The effect of various parameters, such as incubation time, pH, temperature, and biocatalyst dosage, was studied. The total Ni2+ in solution was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. PSDB showed an 83% Ni2+ removal efficiency and reusability up to three cycles. FT-IR analysis revealed that the mechanism of Ni2+ removal by PSDB was the synergistic effect of adsorption by biochar and bioaccumulation by P. stutzeri. This study presents a novel approach for environmental application by utilizing waste biomass-derived biochar as a carrier support for bacteria and an adsorbent for pollutants.
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Yang P, Li F, Wang B, Niu Y, Wei J, Yu Q. In Situ Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube–Steel Slag Composite for Pb(II) and Cu(II) Removal from Aqueous Solution. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071199. [PMID: 35407318 PMCID: PMC9000475 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods and materials that effectively remove heavy metals, such as lead and copper, from wastewater are urgently needed. In this study, steel slag, a low-cost byproduct of steel manufacturing, was utilized as a substrate material for carbon nanotube (CNT) growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to produce a new kind of efficient and low-cost absorbent without any pretreatment. The synthesis parameters of the developed CNT–steel slag composite (SS@CNTs) were optimized, and its adsorption capacities for Pb(II) and Cu(II) were evaluated. The results showed that the optimal growth time, synthesis temperature and acetylene flow rate were 45 min, 600 °C and 200 sccm (standard cubic centimeter per minute), respectively. The SS@CNTs composite had a high adsorption capacity with a maximum removal amount of 427.26 mg·g−1 for Pb(II) and 132.79 mg·g−1 for Cu(II). The adsorption proceeded rapidly during the first 15 min of adsorption and reached equilibrium at approximately 90 min. The adsorption processes were in accordance with the isotherms of the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model, while the adsorption thermodynamics results indicated that the removal for both metals was an endothermic and spontaneous process. This study showed that compared with other adsorbent materials, the SS@CNTs composite is an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for heavy metals such as lead and copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (P.Y.); (B.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Fangxian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (P.Y.); (B.W.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Low Carbon Technology and Engineering Center for Building Materials, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Beihan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (P.Y.); (B.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanfei Niu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Jiangxiong Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (P.Y.); (B.W.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Low Carbon Technology and Engineering Center for Building Materials, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qijun Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; (P.Y.); (B.W.); (J.W.)
- Guangdong Low Carbon Technology and Engineering Center for Building Materials, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (Q.Y.)
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Xing SC, Chen JY, Cai YF, Huang CB, Liao XD, Mi JD. Bacillus coagulans R11 consumption influenced the abundances of cecum antibiotic resistance genes in lead-exposed laying hens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116562. [PMID: 33545525 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans is regarded as a clean, safe and helpful probiotic additive in the production of livestock and poultry breeds. Some studies have also shown that Bacillus coagulans can adsorb heavy metals in water, even in the gut of animals. However, whether Bacillus coagulans feeding influences antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) abundance in the gut of lead-exposed laying hens is unknown. To better apply such probiotics in the breeding industry, the present study employed Bacillus coagulans R11 and laying hens in model experiments to test ARG changes in the cecum of laying hens under lead exposure and B. coagulans R11 feeding. The results showed that there was the trend for ARG abundance decreasing in feeding B. coagulans R11 without lead exposure to laying hens in the cecum; however, feeding B. coagulans R11 to laying hens exposed to lead obviously increased the abundances of aminoglycoside and chloramphenicol ARGs. Further experiment found that hydroquinone, dodecanedioic acid, gibberellin A14, alpha-solanine, jasmonic acid and chitin were involved in the abundances of ARGs in the cecum, in addition the abundances of these compounds were also significantly enhanced by lead exposure or combination effects of lead and B. coagulans R11. As a result, the ARG hazards increased with feeding B. coagulans R11 to laying hens exposed to lead, and the key compounds which influenced by the combination effects of lead and B. coagulans R11 might influence the ARGs abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ying-Feng Cai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Chun-Bo Huang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian-Dui Mi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Qin H, Hu T, Zhai Y, Lu N, Aliyeva J. The improved methods of heavy metals removal by biosorbents: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113777. [PMID: 31864928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For decades, a vast array of innovative biosorbents have been found out and used in the removal of heavy metals, including bacteria, algae and fungi, etc. Although extensive biological species have been tried as a biosorbent for heavy metals removal, for removal efficiency or economy efficiency limited, it has failed to make a substantial breakthrough in practical application. Thus, many improved methods based on biosorbents emerged. In this review, based on the literature and our research results, we highlight three types of novel methods for biosorbents removal of heavy metals: chemical modification of biosorbents; biomass and chemical materials combination; multiple biomass complex systems. We mainly focus on their configuration, biosorption performance, their creation method, regeneration/reuse, their application and development in the future. Through the comparative analysis of various methods, we think that intracellular autogenous nanomaterials may open up another window in biosorption of heavy metals area. At the same time, the combination of various treatment methods will be the development tendency of heavy metal pollution treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Tianjue Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Ningqin Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jamila Aliyeva
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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Xing SC, Mi JD, Chen JY, Xiao L, Wu YB, Liang JB, Zhang LH, Liao XD. The metabolism and morphology mutation response of probiotic Bacillus coagulans for lead stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133490. [PMID: 31635006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lead is among the most common toxic heavy metals and its contamination is of great public concern. Bacillus coagulans is the probiotic which can be considered as the lead absorption sorbent to apply in the lead contaminant water directly or indirectly. A better understanding of the lead resistance and tolerance mechanisms of B. coagulans would help further its development and utilization. Wild-type Bacillus coagulans strain R11 isolated from a lead mine, was acclimated to lead-containing culture media over 85 passages, producing two lead-adapted strains, and the two strains shown higher lead intracellular accumulation ability (38.56-fold and 19.36-fold) and reducing ability (6.94-fold and 7.44-fold) than that of wild type. Whole genome sequencing, genome resequencing, and comparative transcriptomics identified lead resistance and tolerance process significantly involved in these genes which regulated glutathione and sulfur metabolism, flagellar formation and metal ion transport pathways in the lead-adapted strains, elucidating the relationships among the mechanisms regulating lead deposition, deoxidation, and motility and the evolved tolerance to lead. In addition, the B. coagulans mutants tended to form flagellar and chemotaxis systems to avoid lead ions rather than export it, suggesting a new resistance strategy. Based on the present results, the optimum lead concentration in environment should be considered when employed B. coagulans as the lead sorbent, due to the bacteria growth ability decreased in high lead concentration and physiology morphology changed could reduce the lead removal effectiveness. The identified deoxidization and compound secretion genes and pathways in B. coagulans R11 also are potential genetic engineering candidates for synthesizing glutathione, cysteine, methionine, and selenocompounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Dui Mi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin-Bao Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lian-Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical AgroBioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Xing SC, Chen JY, Lv N, Mi JD, Chen WL, Liang JB, Liao XD. Biosorption of lead (Pb 2+) by the vegetative and decay cells and spores of Bacillus coagulans R11 isolated from lead mine soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:804-816. [PMID: 30099165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lead (Pb2+) bioaccumulation capacities and mechanisms of three different physiological structures (vegetative cells, decay cells and spores) of B. coagulans R11 isolated from a lead mine were examined in this study. The results showed that the total Pb2+ removal capacity of vegetative cells (17.53 mg/g) was at its optimal and higher than those of the spores and decay cells at the initial lead concentration of 50 mg/L. However, when the initial lead concentration surpassed 50 mg/L, Pb2+ removal capacity of decay cells was more efficient. Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and functional group modification analyses demonstrated that the electrostatic attraction and chelating activity of the functional groups were the primary pathways involved in the extracellular accumulation of Pb2+ by the vegetative cells and spores. However, the primary Pb2+ binding pathway in the decay cells was hypothesized to be due to physical adsorption, which easily led to Pb2+ desorption. Based on these results, we conclude that the vegetative cell is the ideal lead sorbent. Therefore, it is important to inhibit the transformation of the vegetative cells into decay cells and spores, which can be achieved by culturing the bacteria under anaerobic conditions to prevent spore formation. Heat stimulation can effectively enhance spore germination to generate vegetative cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ning Lv
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Dui Mi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Li Chen
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Vimalnath S, Ravishankar H, Schwandt C, Kumar RV, Subramanian S. Mechanistic studies on the biosorption of Pb(II) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:290-300. [PMID: 30101764 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The biosorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution has been studied using both the intact and thermolyzed cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further, the role of the major cell wall components, namely DNA, protein, polysaccharide, and lipid, in Pb(II) binding has been assessed using an enzymatic treatment method. The Pb(II) bioremediation capability of P. aeruginosa cells has been investigated by varying the parameters of pH, time of interaction, amount of biomass, and concentration of Pb(II). The complete bioremoval of Pb(II) using intact cells has been achieved for an initial Pb(II) concentration of 12.4 mg L-1 at pH 6.2 and temperature 29 ± 1 °C. The biosorption isotherm follows Langmuirian behavior with a Gibbs free energy of -30.7 kJ mol-1, indicative of chemisorption. The biosorption kinetics is consistent with a pseudo-second-order model. The possible Pb(II) binding mechanisms of P. aeruginosa cells are discussed based on characterization using zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results confirm that among the major cell wall components studied, polysaccharide shows the highest contribution towards Pb(II) binding, followed by DNA, lipid, and protein. Similar studies using thermolyzed cells show higher Pb(II) uptake compared to the intact cells both before and after enzymatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vimalnath
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India E-mail:
| | - H Ravishankar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India E-mail:
| | - C Schwandt
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - R V Kumar
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - S Subramanian
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India E-mail:
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Naik BR, Suresh C, Kumar NVS, Seshaiah K, Reddy AVR. Biosorption of Pb(II) and Ni(II) ions by chemically modified Eclipta alba stem powder: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1298614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Ramesh Naik
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Ch. Suresh
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - N. V. Sandeep Kumar
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - K. Seshaiah
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - A. V. R. Reddy
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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Xing S, Song Y, Liang JB, Faseleh Jahromi M, Shokryazda P, Mi J, Zhu C, Wang J, Liao X. In vitro assessment on effect of duodenal contents on the lead (Pb 2+) binding capacity of two probiotic bacterial strains. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:78-82. [PMID: 28113114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro Lead (Pb2+) binding capacity of two probiotic bacteria strains, namely Bifidobacterium longumBB79 and Lactobacillus pentosusITA23, was assessed following incubation with the intestinal contents (IC) of laying hens. Results of this study demonstrated that IC treatment significantly enhanced (P<0.01) Pb2+ binding capacity of both bacterial strains. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that several functional groups (O-H or N-H, C-H, C˭O, C-O, and C-O-C) on the bacteria cell wall involved in metal ion binding were altered after IC incubation, and new groups appeared between the 3700cm-1 and 4000cm-1bands. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that after incubation with IC, unidentified IC components created new binding sites on the bacterial cell surface. These particles also changed the mechanism of Pb2+ binding of the two strains from intracellular accumulation to extracellular adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Xing
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Song
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North‑East Branch, P.O.B. 91735 844, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Shokryazda
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North‑East Branch, P.O.B. 91735 844, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jiandui Mi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cui Zhu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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