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Caldeira NGS, de Souza MLS, de Miranda RVDSL, da Costa LV, Forsythe SJ, Zahner V, Brandão MLL. Characterization by MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Aerobic Endospore-Forming Bacteria Isolated from Pharmaceutical Facility in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Microorganisms 2024; 12:724. [PMID: 38674668 PMCID: PMC11051829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus and related genera are among the most important contaminants in the pharmaceutical production environment, and the identification of these microorganisms at the species level assists in the investigation of sources of contamination and in preventive and corrective decision making. The aim of this study was to evaluate three methodologies for the characterization of endospore-forming aerobic bacterial strains isolated from a pharmaceutical unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MALDI-TOF MS was performed using MALDI Biotyper® and VITEK® MS RUO systems, and complete 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using the Sanger methodology. The results showed the prevalence of the genera Bacillus (n = 9; 36.0%), Priestia (n = 5; 20.0%), and Paenibacillus (n = 4; 16.0%). Three (20.0%) strains showed <98.7% of DNA sequencing similarity on the EzBioCloud Database, indicating possible new species. In addition, the reclassification of Bacillus pseudoflexus to the genus Priestia as Priestia pseudoflexus sp. nov. is proposed. In conclusion, 16S rRNA and MALDI TOF/MS were not sufficient to identify all strains at the species level, and complementary analyses were necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Gonçalves Santos Caldeira
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Integrated Laboratory–Simulids and Onchocerciasis & Medical and Forensic Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Maria Luiza Soares de Souza
- Integrated Laboratory–Simulids and Onchocerciasis & Medical and Forensic Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Luciana Veloso da Costa
- Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.V.d.S.L.d.M.); (M.L.L.B.)
| | | | - Viviane Zahner
- Integrated Laboratory–Simulids and Onchocerciasis & Medical and Forensic Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Luiz Lima Brandão
- Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (R.V.d.S.L.d.M.); (M.L.L.B.)
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Zhao Y, Sun T, Li Y, Yang Z, Chen J, Wang J, Yu X, Tang X, Xiao H. The host sex contributes to the endophytic bacterial community in Sargassum thunbergii and their receptacles. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334918. [PMID: 38559345 PMCID: PMC10978810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria have a complex coevolutionary relationship with their host macroalgae. Dioecious macroalgae are important producers in marine ecosystems, but there is still a lack of research on how sex influences their endophytic bacteria. In this study, the endophytic bacterial communities in male and female S. thunbergii and their reproductive tissues (receptacles) were compared using culture methods and high-throughput sequencing. The endophytic bacterial communities detected by the two methods were different. Among the 78 isolated strains, the dominant phylum, genus, and species were Bacillota, Alkalihalobacillus, and Alkalihalobacillus algicola, respectively, in the algal bodies, while in the receptacles, they were Bacillota, Vibrio, and Vibrio alginolyticus. However, 24 phyla and 349 genera of endophytic bacteria were identified by high-throughput sequencing, and the dominant phylum and genus were Pseudomonadota and Sva0996_ Marine_ Group, respectively, in both the algal body and the receptacles. The two methods showed similar compositions of endophytic bacterial communities between the samples of different sexes, but the relative abundances of dominant and specific taxa were different. The high-throughput sequencing results showed more clearly that the sex of the host alga had an effect on its endophyte community assembly and a greater effect on the endophytic bacterial community in the receptacles. Moreover, most specific bacteria and predicted functional genes that differed between the samples from the males and females were related to metabolism, suggesting that metabolic differences are the main causes of sex differences in the endophytic bacterial community. Our research is the first to show that host sex contributes to the composition of endophytic bacterial communities in dioecious marine macroalgae. The results enrich the database of endophytic bacteria of dioecious marine macroalgae and pave the way for better understanding the assembly mechanism of the endophytic bacterial community of algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Branch CCCC Water Transportation Consultants Co.,LTD, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Marine Forecast and Hazard Mitigation Service, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinlong Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
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A Novel Carboxylesterase Derived from a Compost Metagenome Exhibiting High Stability and Activity towards High Salinity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010122. [PMID: 33478024 PMCID: PMC7835964 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Halotolerant lipolytic enzymes have gained growing interest, due to potential applications under harsh conditions, such as hypersalinity and presence of organic solvents. In this study, a lipolytic gene, est56, encoding 287 amino acids was identified by functional screening of a compost metagenome. Subsequently, the gene was heterologously expressed, and the recombinant protein (Est56) was purified and characterized. Est56 is a mesophilic (Topt 50 °C) and moderate alkaliphilic (pHopt 8) enzyme, showing high thermostability at 30 and 40 °C. Strikingly, Est56 is halotolerant as it exhibited high activity and stability in the presence of up to 4 M NaCl or KCl. Est56 also displayed enhanced stability against high temperatures (50 and 60 °C) and urea (2, 4, and 6 M) in the presence of NaCl. In addition, the recently reported halotolerant lipolytic enzymes were summarized. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these enzymes into 13 lipolytic protein families. The majority (45%) including Est56 belonged to family IV. To explore the haloadaptation of halotolerant enzymes, the amino acid composition between halotolerant and halophilic enzymes was statistically compared. The most distinctive feature of halophilic from non-halophilic enzymes are the higher content of acidic residues (Asp and Glu), and a lower content of lysine, aliphatic hydrophobic (Leu, Met and Ile) and polar (Asn) residues. The amino acid composition and 3-D structure analysis suggested that the high content of acidic residues (Asp and Glu, 12.2%) and low content of lysine residues (0.7%), as well as the excess of surface-exposed acidic residues might be responsible for the haloadaptation of Est56.
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