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Du Z, Yang F, Fang J, Yamasaki S, Oya T, Nguluve D, Kumagai H, Cai Y. Silage preparation and sustainable livestock production of natural woody plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1253178. [PMID: 37746011 PMCID: PMC10514673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
As the global population increases and the economy grows rapidly, the demand for livestock products such as meat, egg and milk continue to increase. The shortage of feed in livestock production is a worldwide problem restricting the development of the animal industry. Natural woody plants are widely distributed and have a huge biomass yield. The fresh leaves and branches of some woody plants are rich in nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals and can be used to produce storage feed such as silage for livestock. Therefore, the development and utilization of natural woody plants for clean fermented feed is important for the sustainable production of livestock product. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research progress, current status and development prospects of forageable natural woody plant feed resources. The nutritional composition and uses of natural woody plants, the main factors affecting the fermentation of woody plant silage and the interaction mechanism between microbial co-occurrence network and secondary metabolite are reviewed. Various preparation technologies for clean fermentation of woody plant silage were summarized comprehensively, which provided a sustainable production mode for improving the production efficiency of livestock and producing high-quality livestock product. Therefore, woody plants play an increasingly important role as a potential natural feed resource in alleviating feed shortage and promoting sustainable development of livestock product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiachen Fang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Animal Science Directorate, Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yimin Cai
- Crop, Livestock, and Environment Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Xiong Y, Wang X, Li X, Guo L, Yang F, Ni K. Exploring the rumen microbiota of Hu lambs in response to diet with paper mulberry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12614-0. [PMID: 37306709 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), as a new woody forage with high-protein characteristic, is being widely used in ruminant feeding. However, little is known about the comprehensive microbiota picture of whole ruminal niches (liquid, solid, and epithelium) under paper mulberry diet. To gain a better understanding of feeding paper mulberry on the rumen microbiota, the effects of fresh paper mulberry, paper mulberry silage, or a conventional high-protein alfalfa silage on rumen fermentation products and microbiota in rumen niches of Hu lambs were studied. Forty-five Hu lambs were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 15 replicates in each treatment. No significant difference was observed among treatments in the average daily gain (ADG). The fresh paper mulberry treatment had lower (P < 0.05) pH and higher (P < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) compared with silage treatments, but the fermentation parameters did not show significant differences between paper mulberry silage and alfalfa silage treatments. The Shannon index did not show a significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments except between fresh paper mulberry and alfalfa silage treatment in rumen epithelial niches. Butyrivibrio and Treponema were the predominant genera in the rumen epithelial fraction, while Prevotella and Rikenellaceae_RC9 dominated in both rumen liquid and solid fractions. These results indicated the paper mulberry supplement did not have distinct impact on the microbial diversity and growth performance compared with alfalfa silage, especially for paper mulberry silage, which might help us develop an alternative animal feeding strategy of replacing alfalfa with paper mulberry. KEY POINTS: • Feeding paper mulberry silage did not show significant impact on the growth performance compared with alfalfa silage treatment. • Feeding fresh paper mulberry reduced rumen pH value and increased total volatile fatty acid. • The microbial diversity did not show significant difference among treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linna Guo
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550525, China.
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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The Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZZU203, Cellulase-Producing Bacillus methylotrophicus, and Their Combinations on Alfalfa Silage Quality and Bacterial Community. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (ZZU203), cellulase-producing Bacillus methylotrophicus (CB), or their combination (ZZU203_CB) on the fermentation parameters of alfalfa after 10 and 60 days of ensiling. Additionally, the bacterial community compositions were analyzed using absolute quantification 16S-seq (AQS). The results showed that CB silage displayed a higher lactic acid (LA) concentration at 10 d, a higher abundance of Lactobacillus, and lower abundance of Pediococcus, Enterococcus, and Weissella than those in the control (CK) silage. Compared with CK silage, the ZZU203 silage increased LA concentration, fructose and rhamnose concentrations, and the abundance of Lactobacillus, and decreased pH value, ammoniacal nitrogen, acetic acid, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations, and the abundance of Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Weissella, Hafnia, and Garciella after 60 days of ensiling. In addition, ZZU203 and ZZU203_CB silage had a similar silage quality and bacterial community, while the inoculation of ZZU203_CB significantly promoted LA accumulation and the numbers of Lactobacillus at 10 d compared with ZZU203 silage. Therefore, ZZU203 or a combination of ZZU203 and CB can be used as potential silage additives to improve the silage quality of alfalfa.
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Zhao M, Wang Z, Du S, Sun L, Bao J, Hao J, Ge G. Lactobacillus plantarum and propionic acid improve the fermentation quality of high-moisture amaranth silage by altering the microbial community composition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1066641. [PMID: 36620031 PMCID: PMC9811146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1066641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and propionic acid (PA) on the microbial community and fermentation performance of high-moisture amaranth silage. Methods Amaranth silages were rown without addition (AhGCK) as a control and with L. plantarum JYLP-002 (AhGLP) or propionic acid (AhGPA) and then were opened after 60 days of ensiling to determine the microbial community and fermentation quality. Results Crude protein (CP) content, lactic acid (LA) content, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts were significantly higher in AhGLP and AhGPA compared with those in AhGCK (p < 0.05). In contrast, pH, acetic acid (AA) content, and yeast and aerobic bacteria counts were significantly lower in AhGLP and AhGPA compared with those in AhGCK (p < 0.05). In addition, propionic acid (PA) levels were markedly higher in AhGPA (p < 0.05). In terms of microbial communities, the silage in the additive groups showed an increased relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri and a reduced relative abundance of Enterobacter cloacae and Clostridium tyrobutyricum. The abundance of Xanthomonas oryzae was significantly increased in AhGPA, but completely inhibited in the silage supplemented with L. plantarum. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Levilactobacillus brevis were positively associated with LA and negatively associated with pH. Conversely, Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Enterobacter cloacae were negatively associated with LA, but positively associated with pH and AA content. AA content was inversely correlated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri. Functional prediction analysis showed that LAB dominated the three groups of silage and the silages containing additives had improved carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism compared with the control silage; in particular, the AhGLP group had more heterotypic fermentation processes and a richer metabolic pathway. Furthermore, the epiphytic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactobacillus buchneri could inhibit the reproductive activity of undesirable microorganisms to a certain extent, thus slowing the spoilage process of the silage. Conclusion In conclusion, L. plantarum can improve fermentation characteristics by modulating the microbial community attached to high-moisture amaranth silage and will prove useful for preserving high-moisture silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqier Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Du
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Gentu Ge,
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Guo X, Xu D, Li F, Bai J, Su R. Current approaches on the roles of lactic acid bacteria in crop silage. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:67-87. [PMID: 36468295 PMCID: PMC9803335 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play pivotal roles in the preservation and fermentation of forage crops in spontaneous or inoculated silages. Highlights of silage LAB over the past decades include the discovery of the roles of LAB in silage bacterial communities and metabolism and the exploration of functional properties. The present article reviews published literature on the effects of LAB on the succession, structure, and functions of silage microbial communities involved in fermentation. Furthermore, the utility of functional LAB in silage preparation including feruloyl esterase-producing LAB, antimicrobial LAB, lactic acid bacteria with high antioxidant potential, pesticide-degrading LAB, lactic acid bacteria producing 1,2-propanediol, and low-temperature-tolerant LAB have been described. Compared with conventional LAB, functional LAB produce different effects; specifically, they positively affect animal performance, health, and product quality, among others. In addition, the metabolic profiles of ensiled forages show that plentiful probiotic metabolites with but not limited to antimicrobial, antioxidant, aromatic, and anti-inflammatory properties are observed in silage. Collectively, the current knowledge on the roles of LAB in crop silage indicates there are great opportunities to develop silage not only as a fermented feed but also as a vehicle of delivery of probiotic substances for animal health and welfare in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Guo
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Dongmei Xu
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Fuhou Li
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Rina Su
- School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina,Probiotics and Biological Feed Research CentreLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
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Li M, Yu Q, Xu J, Sun H, Cheng Q, Xie Y, Wang C, Li P, Chen C, Zheng Y. Effect of different organic acid additives on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of paper mulberry ( Broussonetia papyrifera) silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1038549. [PMID: 36386675 PMCID: PMC9665874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1038549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different organic acid additives and their concentrations on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of paper mulberry silage, paper mulberry was left untreated (control) or was treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), propionic acid (PA) or citric acid (CA), the amount of each additive was 2 g.kg-1 FM, 5 g.kg-1 FM and g.kg-1 FM. All groups were ensiled for 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. Compared to the control, adding EDTA reduced protein breakdown, preserved more water-soluble carbohydrates of the silages (WSCs, 24.74 g.kg-1 DM), and high concentrations of EDTA inhibited the activity of undesirable microorganisms. Adding PA increased the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus and decreased the abundance of Enterococcus, and it caused a rapid decrease in the pH of the silage at an early stage (from 6.50 to 5.31) while altering the microbiota, and low concentrations of PA resulted in high LA (66.22 g.kg-1 DM) concentration and low PA (9.92 g.kg-1 DM) concentration at 60 days of ensiling. Different concentrations of additives altered the microbial community of paper mulberry to different degrees. High concentrations of PA and CA can increase the abundance of Lactiplantibacillus. High concentrations of CA resulted in a rapid decrease in silage pH at an early stage and higher WSC concentration. These results suggest that EDTA, PA and CA can be used as additives to improve the quality of paper mulberry silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Multi-Omics-Based Functional Characterization of Hybrid Fermented Broussonetia papyrifera: A Preliminary Study on Gut Health of Laying Hens. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
More attention has been paid in recent times to the application of Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) silage in ruminants, owing to its nutritional value. This study aimed to characterize the functionality of fermented BP and preliminarily explore its dietary effects on the gut health of laying hens. In this study, we characterized the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, bioactive compound profile, and bacterial community in Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented BP (FBP), as well as its dietary effects on intestinal morphology, microbiota and gene expression of laying hens. Improved contents of protein, total polyphenol and flavonoids as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities were found after fermentation of BP. Untargeted metabolomics displayed more abundant apigenin, luteolin, diosmetin, and quercetin within the FBP, which may contribute to its functionality. Microbiome demonstrated increased abundance of Firmicutes at the expense of Cyanobacteria phylum, accompanied with raised levels of Lactobacillus genus. The results of a feeding trial showed dietary FBP supplementation increased the serum superoxide dismutase, but down-regulated gene expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), mucin2, and ZO-2, without obviously affecting the intestinal morphology and colonic microbiota. These findings suggest that FBP warrants further investigation as it may serve as a functional dietary supplement in laying hen feed.
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Wang W, Nie Y, Tian H, Quan X, Li J, Shan Q, Li H, Cai Y, Ning S, Santos Bermudez R, He W. Microbial Community, Co-Occurrence Network Relationship and Fermentation Lignocellulose Characteristics of Broussonetia papyrifera Ensiled with Wheat Bran. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102015. [PMID: 36296291 PMCID: PMC9611845 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera has a high lignocellulose content leading to poor palatability and low digestion rate of ruminants. Thus, dynamic profiles of fermentation lignocellulose characteristics, microbial community structure, potential function, and interspecific relationships of B. papyrifera mixing with wheat bran in different ratios: 100:0 (BP100), 90:10 (BP90), 80:20 (BP80), and 65:35 (BP65) were investigated on ensiling days 5, 15, 30, and 50. The results showed that adding bran increased the degradation rate of hemicellulose, neutral detergent fiber, and the activities of filter paper cellulase, endoglucanase, acid protease, and neutral protease, especially in the ratio of 65:35. Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Weissella genus bacteria were the dominant genera in silage fermentation, and Pediococcus and Weissella genus bacteria regulated the process of silage fermentation. Compared with monospecific B. papyrifera silage, adding bran significantly increased the abundance of Weissella sp., and improved bacterial fermentation potential in BP65 (p < 0.05). Distance-based redundancy analysis showed that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were significantly positive correlated with most lignocellulose content and degrading enzymes activities, while Monascus sp. and Syncephalastrum sp. were opposite (p < 0.05). Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that there were significant differences in microbial networks among different mixing ratios of B. papyrifera silage prepared with bran. There was a more complex, highly diverse and less competitive co-occurrence network in BP65, which was helpful to silage fermentation. In conclusion, B. papyrifera ensiled with bran improved the microbial community structure and the interspecific relationship and reduced the content of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yanshun Nie
- Fengtang Ecological Agriculture Technology Research and Development (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Taian 271400, China
| | - Hua Tian
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaoyan Quan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jialin Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Qiuli Shan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yichao Cai
- Fengtang Ecological Agriculture Technology Research and Development (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Taian 271400, China
| | - Shangjun Ning
- Fengtang Ecological Agriculture Technology Research and Development (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Taian 271400, China
| | - Ramon Santos Bermudez
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Luis Vargas Torres de Esmeraldas University of Technology, Esmeraldas 080103, Ecuador
| | - Wenxing He
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Correspondence:
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Chen R, Li M, Yang J, Chen L, Zi X, Zhou H, Tang J. Exploring the effect of wilting on fermentation profiles and microbial community structure during ensiling and air exposure of king grass silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:971426. [PMID: 36160258 PMCID: PMC9493678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.971426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand the effect of wilting treatment on silage, we study analyzed the fermentation quality of unwilted (CK) and wilted (WT) king grass silage, and the dynamic changes of microorganisms in silage and aerobic exposure. After 30 days of silage, WT silage significantly reduced the pH of the silage (p < 0.05) and increased the contents of lactic acid and acetic acid (p < 0.05), but did not reduce the content of Ammonia-N (p > 0.05). Wilting treatment increased bacterial and fungal diversity during silage but decreased fungal diversity during aerobic exposure. The relative abundance of Lactococcus and Enterococcus in wilting silage increased. In the aerobic exposure stage, the relative abundance of Klebsiella decreased, but the relative abundance of Enterobacter increased in wilting treatment silage. In addition, the relative abundance of Acinetobacter and Ignatzschineria increased after 5 days of aerobic exposure. In contrast with unwilted silage, wilting treatment silage after aerobic exposure had no Candida, but the relative abundance of Wickerhamomyces increased. The results showed that wilting treatment could raise the silage quality of king grass. However, WT silage did not inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms during aerobic exposure and did not significantly improve the aerobic stability of silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mao Li
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jinsong Yang
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- *Correspondence: Jinsong Yang,
| | - Liwei Chen
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xuejuan Zi
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Xuejuan Zi,
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Wu C, Sun W, Huang Y, Dai S, Peng C, Zheng Y, Chen C, Hao J. Effects of different additives on the bacterial community and fermentation mode of whole-plant paper mulberry silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:904193. [PMID: 36160218 PMCID: PMC9493322 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.904193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inoculation with two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lentilactobacillus buchneri) and the addition of four corn flour proportions (0, 3, 6, and 9%) in different treatments, on the composition and function of the bacterial community in whole-plant paper mulberry silage. The different treatments promoted Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, and Lacticaseibacillus growth, but the microbial species responsible for fermentation differed among the treatments. High species diversity and various Gram-negative bacteria, such as Flavitalea sp., Pantoea agglomerans, Acinetobacter pittii, Turicibacter sanguinis, and Ralstonia pickettii, were found in the uninoculated LAB treatments. A beneficial bacterium, Lactobacillus johnsonii, was discovered for the first time in whole-plant paper mulberry silage. LAB inoculation simplifies the microbial community structure, and beneficial Lactobacillus as a key species aggregates in the inoculated treatment group. However, L. rhamnosus inoculation alone may have limited bacteriostatic activity against in whole-plant paper mulberry silage. Compared with silage lacking corn flour, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, galactose metabolism, the phosphotransferase system and the pentose phosphate pathway metabolic activity were increased in corn flour-containing silage. Whole-plant paper mulberry can be used as a high-quality silage to provide high-quality feed resources for sustainable ruminant livestock production. Moreover, additive use is necessary for preparing paper mulberry silage.
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Feng Q, Shi W, Chen S, Degen AA, Qi Y, Yang F, Zhou J. Addition of Organic Acids and Lactobacillus acidophilus to the Leguminous Forage Chamaecrista rotundifolia Improved the Quality and Decreased Harmful Bacteria of the Silage. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2260. [PMID: 36077980 PMCID: PMC9454833 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of citric acid, malic acid, and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L) on fermentation parameters and the microbial community of leguminous Chamaecrista rotundifolia silage. Fresh C. rotundifolia was treated without any additive (CK), or with L (106 CFU/g fresh weight), different levels (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1% fresh weight) of organic acid (malic or citric acid), and the combinations of L and the different levels of organic acids for 30, 45, and 60 days of ensiling. The effects of malic acid and citric acid were similar during the ensiling process. Treatment with either citric or malic acid and also when combined with L inhibited crude protein degradation, lowered pH and ammonia nitrogen, and increased lactic acid concentration and dry matter content (p < 0.05). The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased initially and then decreased with fermentation time in all treatments (p < 0.05). Increasing the level of organic acid positively affected the chemical composition of C. rotundifolia silage. In addition, the addition of 1% organic acid increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, while the relative abundances of Clostridium and Enterobacter decreased at 60 days (p < 0.05). Moreover, both organic acids and combined additives increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria at 60 days of fermentation. We concluded that adding malic acid, citric acid, and L combined with an organic acid could improve the quality of C. rotundifolia silage and increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. The addition of organic acid at a level of 1% was the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixian Feng
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenjiao Shi
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Abraham Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410500, Israel
| | - Yue Qi
- Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- China National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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12
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Cheng Q, Li M, Fan X, Chen Y, Sun H, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Chen C, Li P. Effects of epiphytic and exogenous lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality and microbial community compositions of paper mulberry silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:973500. [PMID: 36090070 PMCID: PMC9453674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.973500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from various sources and evaluate their effects on the nutritional quality, fermentation characteristics, and microbial compositions of paper mulberry (PM) after 60 days of ensiling. Forty-nine LAB strains were isolated from Phalaris arundinacea silage, pickle, and fresh PM leaves; three of these strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, YC1; Levilactobacillus brevis, PC3; and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, BP17) and one commercial inoculant Gaofuji (GFJ) were subsequently used. Compared with other treatments, PC3 and BP17 increased (P < 0.05) the LAB count and crude protein content and decreased (P < 0.05) the molds and coliform bacteria counts, pH, and ammonia-N content of PM silages. BP17 and PC3 increased the relative Lactiplantibacillus abundance and decreased that of Lelliottia and Cladosporium, improving PM silage quality. Therefore, PC3 and BP17 can improve the fermentation quality of PM silage and could be used as silage starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Maoya Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Li,
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13
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Li M, Fan X, Cheng Q, Chen Y, Long J, Lei Y, Li P, Chen C. Effect of Amomum villosum essential oil as an additive on the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and bacterial community of paper mulberry silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951958. [PMID: 35935221 PMCID: PMC9355139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L., PM) is being used as a new type of animal protein feed to address the feed crisis. To investigate the effect of additives on the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and bacterial community of PM silage (at room temperature, 25°), paper mulberry was fermented with formic acid (FA), Amomum villosum essential oil (AVEO) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant treatments. The results showed that fresh PM had a low water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content and large amounts of unclassified bacteria. Compared with the CK and LAB treatments, the FA and AVEO treatments significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the pH and increased the lactic acid content of PM silage after 60 days of ensiling. In the AVEO-treated silages the abundance of Lactococcus in the early stage of ensiling increased by 14.09%, the abundances of Levilactobacillus and Lentilactobacillus in the late stage of ensiling increased by 58.34 and 91.12%, respectively, and the abundance of Stenotrophomonas decreased by 94.71%, resulting in improved PM silage quality. These results confirmed that AVEO could potentially be developed as a new additive for improving the fermentation quality of silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoya Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Cheng,
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianhua Long
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yao Lei
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Cheng,
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14
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Xian Z, Wu J, Deng M, Wang M, Tian H, Liu D, Li Y, Liu G, Sun B, Guo Y. Effects of Cellulase and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the Fermentation Parameters, Nutrients, and Bacterial Community in Cassia alata Silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:926065. [PMID: 35875586 PMCID: PMC9301268 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.926065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Silage Cassia alata (CA) can alleviate feed shortage in some areas to a certain extent and reduce feed costs. The present research evaluated the effect of cellulase (CE) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) on the fermentation parameters, nutrients, and bacterial community of CA silage. Chopped CA was ensiled with three different treatments, namely, no inoculant (CK), CE, and LP, and the indexes were determined on the 2nd, 6th, 14th, and 30th days of silage fermentation. The fermentation parameters indicate that the pH value of the three groups decreased and then increased with the ensilage process, and the lowest value was observed on the 14th day. The CK and LP groups attained the highest value on the 30th day, while the CE group attained the highest value on the 2nd day. Additionally, the pH value and NH3-N content were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the CE and LP groups than in the CK group. In terms of nutrients, crude protein (CP) contents significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the CE and LP groups on the 30th day. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of the CE group were significantly and negatively associated with fermentation time, and the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents of the three groups were significantly lower during ensiling. In comparison with the CK group, the NDF and ADF contents were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the WSC content increased (P < 0.05) in the CE group on day 30. Sequencing analysis of bacterial communities showed that Lactobacillus became the most dominant genus in the ensilage process. Moreover, both CE and LP groups increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased that of Klebsiella, Weissella, and Acetobacter in comparison to the CK group, in which LP had a better effect. CE and LP could further improve the silage quality of CA, and LP had a more significant effect in reconstructing the bacterial community in the silage environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongqing Guo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Effects of Mulberry Leaves and Pennisetum Hybrid Mix-Silage on Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The silage quality and bacterial community of hybrid Pennisetum (P. hydridum × P. americanum) with or without 30% and 50% mulberry leaves for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days were investigated. Results showed that compared with the 100% hybrid Pennisetum group, more lactic acid (40.71 vs. 80.81 g/kg dry matter (DM)), acetic acid (10.99 vs. 31.84 g/kg DM), lactic acid bacteria (8.46 vs. 8.51 log10 cfu/g fresh matter), water-soluble carbohydrates (2.41 vs. 4.41 g/100 g DM), crude protein (4.97 vs. 10.84 g/100 g DM), and true protein (3.91 vs. 8.52 g/100 g DM) content as well as less neutral detergent fiber (67.30 vs. 47.26 g/100 g DM), acid detergent fiber (33.85 vs. 25.38 g/100 g DM), and yeast counts (4.78 vs. 2.39 log10 cfu/g fresh matter) and an appropriate pH (3.77 vs. 4.06) were found in silages added with 50% mulberry leaves at 30 days of ensiling. Moreover, the addition of mulberry leaves also influenced the relative abundance of the bacterial community. The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria decreased when mulberry leaves were added. Weissella and Lactobacillus abundance also increased. To sum up the above, mixing with 50% mulberry leaves yielded the greatest fermentation quality in this study. In conclusion, mixing with mulberry leaves could be a reasonable way to improve the quality of hybrid Pennisetum silage.
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16
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Effects of Microbial Inoculants on Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Paper Mulberry Silages Prepared with Molasses or Cellulase. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L.) is an unconventional forage with high crude protein content and is widely used in China. In order to evaluate the pattern of fermentation quality and the aerobic stability when inoculated with lactic acid bacteria, laboratory-scale silage was prepared. The experimental groups included a control group (CK), a Lactobacillus plantarum ‘LC365283’ (selected from paper mulberry silage) treatment (L1), a commercial inoculant Lactobacillus plantarum treatment (GF), a commercial inoculant Lactobacillus buchneri treatment (FR), a 3% molasses treatment (MO), a 150 U/g cellulase treatment (CE), and their combinations (MO + L1, MO + GF, MO + FR, CE + L1, CE + GF, and CE + FR). The changes in bacterial community and composition of the fermentation products were evaluated after being ensiled for 30 days and unsealed for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Compared with the CK, MO and CE, the silages treated with L1, MO + L1, and CE + L1 showed higher lactic acid concentrations, lower pH values, and lower ammonia nitrogen concentrations (p < 0.05). During the first 3 days of aerobic exposure, the pH values and organic acid content changed slightly in all treatments. The present study suggests that addition of L1 was better than commercial inoculum, and the paper mulberry silages could be well preserved after being unsealed for 3 days.
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17
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Du Z, Yamasaki S, Oya T, Nguluve D, Euridse D, Tinga B, Macome F, Cai Y. Microbial Co-occurrence Network and Fermentation Information of Natural Woody-Plant Silage Prepared With Grass and Crop By-Product in Southern Africa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:756209. [PMID: 35369476 PMCID: PMC8964296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.756209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate the use of woody plant (WP) as a natural biomass resource to address the shortage of feed for ruminants in the tropics, we use PacBio SMRT sequencing to explore the microbial co-occurrence network and silage fermentation of gliricidia and leucaena prepared with Napier grass (NG) and corn stover (CS) in Southern Africa. Based on dry matter, the crude protein contents of WP are as high as 25%. Compared with NG, the addition of CS speed up the dynamic succession of microorganisms in the silage fermentation process from Gram-negative bacteria to Gram-positive bacteria, and promoted Lactiplantibacillus plantarum to become the dominant community and enhanced the metabolic pathways of lactic acid and citric acid, thus improved the fermentation flavour and quality of WP silage. WP can be mixed with CS to make high-quality silage, which can alleviate the shortage of feed and promote local animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhumei Du
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.,College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Seishi Yamasaki
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Oya
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Damiao Nguluve
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Denise Euridse
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | - Benedito Tinga
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Matola, Mozambique
| | | | - Yimin Cai
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
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18
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Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on Fermentation Quality and Anti-Nutritional Factors of Paper Mulberry Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are few studies on the application of lactic acid bacteria in the reduction of anti-nutrient factors in paper mulberry silage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality and the amount of anti-nutritional factors in paper mulberry silage. Two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (GX, isolated from paper mulberry silage; GZ, provided by Sichuan Gaofuji Biotechnology Co. Ltd.) were added as silage additives. On days 7, 15, 30 and 60 of the ensiling process, the fermentation quality, and the amount of anti-nutritional factors were measured. Compared with the control group, inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum could rapidly reduce pH values, leading to lower NH3-N/TN. Besides, it also significantly increased the lactic acid content (p < 0.05). The two strains of L. plantarum significantly reduced the content of hydrolysed tannin, condensed tannin, total tannin, oxalic acid, phytic acid and saponin (p < 0.05). Overall, this study found that the addition of lactic acid bacteria could significantly improve the fermentation quality of paper mulberry and reduce the amount of anti-nutrient factors (p < 0.05).
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19
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Du Z, Sun L, Lin Y, Chen C, Yang F, Cai Y. Use of Napier grass and rice straw hay as exogenous additive improves microbial community and fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Li X, Chen F, Xu J, Guo L, Xiong Y, Lin Y, Ni K, Yang F. Exploring the Addition of Herbal Residues on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Communities, and Ruminal Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Paper Mulberry Silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:820011. [PMID: 35222315 PMCID: PMC8874217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.820011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of herbal residues on the fermentation quality and ruminal fermentation of paper mulberry silage. Clove, mint, and purple perilla residues were used as additives. Silage treatments were designed as control (no additives), 5% of clove, 5% of mint, and 5% of purple perilla. After 21 and 75 days of fermentation, the fermentation characteristics, bacterial communities, and ruminal greenhouse gas emissions in vitro incubation of paper mulberry were analyzed. The results showed that the used herbal residues could reduce the protein losses in paper mulberry silage based on the lower contents of ammoniacal nitrogen and nonprotein nitrogen. Compared with control, higher lactic acid and propionic acid contents were observed in the silages treated with mint and purple perilla but with a higher acetic acid content in clove treatment. Real-time sequencing technology (single-molecule real-time) revealed that Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria in all silages at the genus level, whereas the bacterial abundance in the treated silages differed greatly from control at the species level. Lactobacillus hammesii abundance was the highest in control, whereas Lactobacillus acetotolerans was the first predominant in the treated silages. All the additives enhanced the digestibility of in vitro dry matter significantly. However, purple perilla decreased the production of total gas, methane, and carbon dioxide. The findings discussed earlier suggested that herbal residues have potential effects in improving fermentation quality, reducing protein loss, and modulating greenhouse gas emissions in the rumen of paper mulberry silage by shifting bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kuikui Ni,
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Fuyu Yang,
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21
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Sun Z, Li Y, Liu G, Gao R, Bao J, Wang L, Wu Z, Yu Z. Associative effects of ensiling mixtures of sweet sorghum and korshinsk pea shrub on fermentation quality, chemical composition, and in vitro rumen digestion characteristics. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13700. [PMID: 35355360 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silages processed with gramineous grass and wood feed mixtures may have positive associative effects on silage quality and animal performance when ruminants are fed those silages. The present study was conducted to evaluate the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and in vitro rumen digestion characteristics of silages produced with mixtures of sweet sorghum (SS) and korshinsk pea shrub (KP) in six different ratios of fresh weights: 100:0 (0%KP), 80:20 (20%KP), 60:40 (40%KP), 40:60 (60%KP), 20:80 (80%KP), and 0:100 (100%KP). As the proportion of KP increased in the silages, the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, starch, total phenolics, hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins decreased (p < 0.05), while the pH value and the contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ether extract, crude protein, and ash increased (p < 0.05). The silages were evaluated in 48 h incubations with rumen liquor. The in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility, and in vitro gas production decreased as the proportion of KP increased (p < 0.05). This study suggests that ensiling SS-KP at a ratio of 80:20 is a practical method for preserving such low-DM forages (SS) and that these silage mixtures offer an opportunity to optimize the nutrient supply for ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Guibo Liu
- Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Run Gao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinze Bao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Fan X, Zhao S, Yang F, Wang Y, Wang Y. Effects of Lactic Acid Bacterial Inoculants on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Mycotoxins of Alfalfa Silage under Vacuum or Nonvacuum Treatment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122614. [PMID: 34946214 PMCID: PMC8703462 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) inoculants and vacuuming on the fermentation quality and bacterial community, alfalfas were ensiled with or without a commercial LAB YX or Lactobacillus plantarum strain ZZUA493 for 10, 30, 60, and 90 days while undergoing either vacuum (V) or nonvacuum (NV) treatment. At 90 days, analysis of the microbial community by high-throughput sequencing was performed, and contents of aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxins in alfalfa silage were determined. In all inoculated alfalfa silage, irrespective of V or NV treatment, lactic acid (LA) content increased, pH (p < 0.05), and ammonia nitrogen (p < 0.05) content decreased, and no butyric acid was detected. Lactobacillus or Pediococcus became the dominant genus, and the abundance of Garciella decreased in alfalfa silage with the addition of either inoculant. The LAB inoculants YX and ZZUA493 helped reduce the mycotoxin content in alfalfa silage. The abundance of Garciella in the control and DON content in all alfalfa silage groups were higher (p < 0.05) in NV than V. In summary, LAB inoculants and vacuuming had a positive influence on alfalfa silage quality, and LAB inoculants were effective in reducing mycotoxins in silage alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomiao Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (X.F.); (S.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (X.F.); (S.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (X.F.); (S.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (X.F.); (S.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (X.F.); (S.Z.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-67761726
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23
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Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Growth Performance, Rumen Microbiota and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Hu Lambs. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) is widely ensiled to feed sheep in southwestern China, as unconventional woody forage. Feeding lambs with paper mulberry silage (PMS) may improve certain feeding characteristics, thereby affecting the growth performance and meat quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of four diets of PMS on growth performance, rumen microbial composition, and muscle fatty acids profile in Hu lambs. The results showed that 30% and 40% PMS increased the dry matter intake and average daily gain of Hu lambs compared to the control group. PMS30 and PMS40 increased the content of C24:1, and PMS40 increased the content of C20:5n-3. The content of microbial protein (MCP) was higher in PMS40 than in others, but PMS30 and PMS40 reduced the total volatile fatty acid in rumen. PMS30 significantly increased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid. The abundance of ruminal Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group was significantly higher in PMS30 and PMS40 groups. Moreover, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group had a significant positive correlation with n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid. PMS40 might lead to a relatively high content of unsaturated fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle by increasing the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group in rumen.
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24
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Cheng Q, Chen Y, Bai S, Chen L, You M, Zhang K, Li P, Chen C. Study on the bacterial community structure and fermentation characteristics of fresh and ensiled paper mulberry. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13656. [PMID: 34734664 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the bacterial community of fresh and ensiled paper mulberry prepared with or without lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants in South China. In Experiment 1, the bacterial community, chemical composition, and fermentation products of paper mulberry were analyzed. The results showed that fresh paper mulberry had high crude protein content, buffering capacity value, and amounts of uncultured bacteria. Ensiled paper mulberry showed poor fermentation with high pH value, ammonia-N content, and butyric acid content. In addition, Enterobacter was the dominant genus in silage, followed by Lactobacillus and Enterococcus. Water-soluble carbohydrates, ammonia-N, propionic acid, pH, and lactic acid (LA) were the main factors affecting bacterial community of silage. In Experiment 2, the BP17 (Lactobacillus plantarum) from natural fermented paper mulberry silage and two commercial inoculants (Silage-help [SH] and Chikuso-1 [CH]) were used as additives. Compared with other treatments, BP17 inoculant decreased (p < 0.05) pH and ammonia-N content and increased (p < 0.05) LA content of silage. Inoculation of BP17 also increased the dominance of desirable Lactobacillus and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria in silage. These results confirmed that paper mulberry could be ensiled and epiphytic LAB inoculant can improve its fermentation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangyin Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Minhong You
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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25
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Citric Acid Influences the Dynamics of the Fermentation Quality, Protease Activity and Microbial Community of Mulberry Leaf Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba) leaves has performed well as a high-quality protein supplement for livestock and enriches the edible resources of livestock. However, the harvest of mulberry leaves is seasonal and occurs mainly during the rainy season in southeast China; therefore, humid and sultry weather causes serious losses of mulberry leaf biomass, which pose a challenge for the preservation of mulberry leaves. In this study, we used the silage fermentation method to preserve mulberry leaves and investigated the effects of citric acid on the silage quality of mulberry leaves. Mulberry leaves were ensiled with or without 1% citric acid and 2% citric acid. The chemical composition, protein fraction and microbial community of mulberry leaf silages were analyzed. The results showed that the silage treated with citric acid had a higher dry matter recovery and lactic acid content and a lower acetic acid content, non-protein nitrogen content and ammonia-N content; citric acid also inhibited the activities of carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase. Moreover, citric acid increased Lactobacillus abundance in silages and decreased the abundance of undesired microorganisms, such as Enterobacter. In summary, the addition of citric acid improved the fermentation quality of mulberry leaf silages, with 2% citric acid being more effective than 1% citric acid.
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26
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Wang X, Cao X, Liu H, Guo L, Lin Y, Liu X, Xiong Y, Ni K, Yang F. Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Microbial Metabolic Functions of Paper Mulberry Silage: A BIOLOG ECO Microplates Approach. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689174. [PMID: 34248912 PMCID: PMC8267872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria occupy an important position in silage microorganisms, and the effects of exogenous lactic acid bacteria on silage quality have been widely studied. Microbial metabolism has been proved as an indicator of substrate utilization by microorganisms. Paper mulberry is rich in free carbohydrate, amino acids, and other components, with the potential to be decomposed and utilized. In this study, changes in the microbial metabolism characteristics of paper mulberry silage with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) and Lentilactobacillus buchneri (LB) were studied along with a control (CK) using BIOLOG ECO microplates. The results showed that average well-color development (AWCD), Shannon diversity, Shannon evenness, and Simpson diversity exhibited significant temporal trends. LB and LP responded differently in the early ensiling phase, and the AWCD of LB was higher than LP at 7 days. Principal component analysis revealed that CK, LB, and LP samples initially clustered at 3 days and then moved into another similar cluster after 15 days. Overall, the microplates methodology applied in this study offers important advantages, not least in terms of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekai Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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27
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Guo L, Wang X, Lin Y, Yang X, Ni K, Yang F. Microorganisms that are critical for the fermentation quality of paper mulberry silage. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linna Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Xuekai Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Yanli Lin
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences Beijing China
| | - Xueping Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
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28
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Wang C, Zheng M, Wu S, Zou X, Chen X, Ge L, Zhang Q. Effects of Gallic Acid on Fermentation Parameters, Protein Fraction, and Bacterial Community of Whole Plant Soybean Silage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:662966. [PMID: 34079531 PMCID: PMC8165322 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole plant soybean (WPS) is a kind of legume resource with characteristics of high nutrition, large biomass, and wide distribution. In the present study, we have investigated the feasibility and effects of gallic acid (GA) on WPS silage quality, nitrogen distribution, tannin content, and bacterial community. The 0.5 and 1% (fresh matter basis) GA were added into WPS for dynamic ensiling (days 3, 7, 14, and 30, respectively). The results showed that the WPS silage with GA addition significantly decreased pH value (6.16–5.38 at ensiling day 30), coliform bacteria count and butyric acid (65.3–62.0 g/kg dry matter at ensiling day 30), and amino nitrogen contents (259–88.2 g/kg total nitrogen at ensiling day 30) and promoted lactic acid (9.62–31.5 g/kg dry matter at ensiling day 30), acetic acid (24.1–85.6 g/kg dry matter at ensiling day 30), and tannin (total phenol and hydrolyzable tannin) contents. Additionally, the GA addition also contributed to the change of bacterial community, where Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were most abundant on phylum and genus levels, respectively. The above results suggested that GA additive applied in WPS silage was an effective strategy to protect nutrition and improve fermentation quality, and the 1% GA addition showed a better effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zheng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangfa Ge
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Center of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Exploring microbial community structure and metabolic gene clusters during silage fermentation of paper mulberry, a high-protein woody plant. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Li R, Zheng M, Jiang D, Tian P, Zheng M, Xu C. Replacing Alfalfa with Paper Mulberry in Total Mixed Ration Silages: Effects on Ensiling Characteristics, Protein Degradation, and In Vitro Digestibility. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051273. [PMID: 33925198 PMCID: PMC8146854 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The usage of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as a dietary protein source for ruminants in China is limited by forage quality and planting scale. Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L., RY) has emerged as a new and representative high-protein woody forage resource for ruminants. However, information is less available regarding how substituting RY for alfalfa affect the fermentation and protein quality in total mixed ration (TMR) silages. This study evaluated ensiling characteristics, protein quality, and in vitro digestibility in TMR silages by mixing RY with alfalfa at different rations. The TMR were made with alfalfa and RY mixtures (36.0%), maize meal (35.0%), oat grass (10.0%), soybean meal (7.5%), brewers’ grain (5.0%), wheat bran (5.0%), premix (1.0%), and salt (0.5%) on a dry matter basis, respectively. The alfalfa and RY mixtures were made in the following ratios of dry matter: 36:0 (RY0), 27:9 (RY9), 18:18 (RY18), 9:27 (RY27), and 0:36 (RY36). The results showed that RY substitution had no adverse effect on fermentation quality and nutritional composition, but inhibited true protein degradation, while decreasing in vitro dry matter and crude protein digestibility. Therefore, RY and alfalfa mixtures at a ratio of 18:18 is suitable for silage-based TMR. Abstract To develop an alternative high-protein forage resource to alleviate ruminant feed shortages, we investigated the effects of replacing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with different ratios of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L., RY) on fermentation quality, protein degradation, and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage. The TMR were made with alfalfa and RY mixtures (36.0%), maize meal (35.0%), oat grass (10.0%), soybean meal (7.5%), brewers’ grain (5.0%), wheat bran (5.0%), premix (1.0%), and salt (0.5%) on a dry matter basis, respectively. The alfalfa and RY mixtures were made in the following ratios of dry matter: 36:0 (RY0), 27:9 (RY9), 18:18 (RY18), 9:27 (RY27), and 0:36 (RY36). After ensiling for 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, fermentation quality, protein degradation, and microbial counts were examined, and chemical composition and in vitro digestibility were analyzed after 56 days of ensiling. All TMR silages, irrespective of the substitution level of RY, were well preserved with low pH and ammonia nitrogen content, high lactic acid content, and undetectable butyric acid. After ensiling, the condensed tannin content for RY18 silages was higher than the control, but non-protein nitrogen, peptide nitrogen, and free amino acid nitrogen contents was lower, while the fraction B1 (buffer-soluble protein) was not different among all the silages. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility for RY27 and RY36 silages was lower than the control, but there was no difference between control and RY18 silages. This study suggested that ensiling RY with alfalfa inhibited true protein degradation, but decreased in vitro dry matter and crude protein digestibility of TMR silages, and that 18:18 is the optimal ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (P.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mingli Zheng
- Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Di Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China;
| | - Pengjiao Tian
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (P.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Menghu Zheng
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (P.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Chuncheng Xu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (R.L.); (P.T.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62736480
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31
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Wang Y, Zhou W, Wang C, Yang F, Chen X, Zhang Q. Effect on the ensilage performance and microbial community of adding Neolamarckia cadamba leaves to corn stalks. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1502-1514. [PMID: 32449595 PMCID: PMC7415371 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To comprehensively evaluate the fermentation performance and microbial community of corn stalks (CS) silage mixed with Neolamarckia cadamba leaves (NCL), CS were ensiled with four levels (0%, 10%, 30% and 50% of fresh weight) of NCL for 1, 7, 14, 30, 60 days in two trials. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH (3.60-3.88) and ammonia nitrogen content (0.08-0.19% DM). The silage samples with NCL displayed lower (P < 0.05) acetic acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen contents and lactic acid bacteria population during ensiling than control silages (100% CS). The addition of NCL also influenced the distribution of bacterial and fungal communities. Fungal diversity (Shannon's indices were 5.15-5.48 and 2.85-4.27 in trial 1 and trial 2 respectively) increased while the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Leuconostocs, Acetobacter and two moulds (Aspergillus and Fusarium) decreased after added NCL. In summary, mixing NCL is a promising effective approach to preserve protein of CS silage and inhibit the growth of undesirable bacteria and mould, thus to improve the forage quality to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureGuangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering TechnologyGuangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody Forage) Industrial TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesIntegrative Microbiology Research CentreSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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32
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Wang Y, Chen X, Wang C, He L, Zhou W, Yang F, Zhang Q. The bacterial community and fermentation quality of mulberry (Morus alba) leaf silage with or without Lactobacillus casei and sucrose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122059. [PMID: 31476563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of adding Lactobacilluscasei (LC) and sucrose (S) on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of mulberry leaf silage, two kinds of mulberry leaves were harvested and ensiled with or without LC and S for 1, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, respectively. Silages treated with LC and S contained more lactic acid (4.46-10.54%DM) and less ammonia-N (0.03-0.13%DM), acetic acid (0.73-3.40%DM) and coliform bacteria (<2.30 log cfu/g FM) and had a lower pH (<4.40) compared with controls. In addition, microbial analysis revealed less diverse bacterial communities and greater abundances of Lactobacillus (52.89-81.27%) and Pseudomonas (2.21-5.21%) in the LC and S silages. Furthermore, the addition of LC and S also inhibited the growth of undesirable Enterobacter. In conclusion, the addition of both LC and S has the capability of improving the silage quality of mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwen He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, Guangdong Research and Development Centre of Modern Agriculture (Woody forage) Industrial Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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33
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Zhang YC, Wang XK, Li DX, Lin YL, Yang FY, Ni KK. Impact of wilting and additives on fermentation quality and carbohydrate composition of mulberry silage. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:254-263. [PMID: 31208169 PMCID: PMC6946962 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of wilting and additives on the fermentation quality, structural and non-structural carbohydrate composition of mulberry silages. Methods The selected lactic acid bacteria strains Lactobacillus plantarum ‘LC279063’ (L1), commercial inoculant Gaofuji (GF), and Trichoderma viride cellulase (CE) were used as additives for silage preparation. Silage treatments were designed as control (CK), L1, GF, or CE under three wilting rates, that is wilting for 0, 2, or 4 hours (h). After ensiling for 30 days, the silages were analyzed for the chemical and fermentation characteristics. Results The results showed that wilting had superior effects on increasing the non-structural carbohydrate concentration and degrading the structural carbohydrate. After ensiling for 30 days, L1 generally had a higher fermentation quality than other treatments, indicated by the lower pH value, acetic acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content, and the higher lactic acid, water soluble carbohydrate, glucose, galactose, sucrose, and cellobiose concentration (p<0.05) at any wilting rate. Wilting could increase the ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid and decrease the content of NH3-N. Conclusion The results confirmed that wilting degraded the structural carbohydrate and increased the non-structural carbohydrate; and L1 exhibited better properties in improving fermentation quality and maintaining a high non-structural carbohydrates composition compared with the other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chao Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Kai Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dong Xia Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Li Lin
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fu Yu Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Kui Ni
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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