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Lawson K, Zablotska-Manos I. Social impacts experienced by women with HIV and infertility in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:775-785. [PMID: 38869273 DOI: 10.1177/09564624241254867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) prevalence among reproductive-aged women remains high, and infertility among these women is common. The social consequences for these women are yet to be explored. This scoping review summarises the social consequences of living with HIV and infertility for SSA women. METHODS This scoping review of published peer-reviewed literature focused on the intersection of infertility and living with HIV among women in SSA. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS and included all original research reports which met the inclusion criteria; women in Sub-Saharan Africa, living with HIV, and infertility. RESULTS Fourteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Both HIV diagnosis and infertility were reported as stigmatising experiences for women who desire to have children. The stigma of infertility had a greater negative impact on women than that of an HIV diagnosis. Familial, community support, and medical intervention were perceived vital to ensure women feel de-stigmatised and in control of their future, even without children. CONCLUSION This is the first review demonstrating the social consequences of HIV and infertility on SSA women. Further research and interventions are needed to reduce the social consequences of infertility within SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Lawson
- School of Sexual and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Member of The White Rose Interdisciplinary Network on Fertility Care in the Global South, Sheffield, UK
| | - Iryna Zablotska-Manos
- Postgraduate Program in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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Apetroaei MM, Velescu BȘ, Nedea MI(I, Dinu-Pîrvu CE, Drăgănescu D, Fâcă AI, Udeanu DI, Arsene AL. The Phenomenon of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in the Context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment: Dynamic and Ever Evolving Subject Matter. Biomedicines 2024; 12:915. [PMID: 38672269 PMCID: PMC11048092 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant global health issue that affects a substantial number of individuals across the globe, with a total of 39 million individuals living with HIV/AIDS. ART has resulted in a reduction in HIV-related mortality. Nevertheless, the issue of medication resistance is a significant obstacle in the management of HIV/AIDS. The unique genetic composition of HIV enables it to undergo rapid mutations and adapt, leading to the emergence of drug-resistant forms. The development of drug resistance can be attributed to various circumstances, including noncompliance with treatment regimens, insufficient dosage, interactions between drugs, viral mutations, preexposure prophylactics, and transmission from mother to child. It is therefore essential to comprehend the molecular components of HIV and the mechanisms of antiretroviral medications to devise efficacious treatment options for HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna-Maria Apetroaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Bruno Ștefan Velescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Marina Ionela (Ilie) Nedea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Cristina Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Doina Drăgănescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Anca Ionela Fâcă
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumophthisiology, 90 Viilor Street, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ioana Udeanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumophthisiology, 90 Viilor Street, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Letiția Arsene
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumophthisiology, 90 Viilor Street, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
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Nicolau V, Cortes R, Lopes M, Virgolino A, Santos O, Martins A, Faria N, Reis AP, Santos C, Maltez F, Pereira ÁA, Antunes F. HIV Infection: Time from Diagnosis to Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Portugal, a Multicentric Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:797. [PMID: 34202051 PMCID: PMC8306717 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for persons living with HIV (PLWH) are well established. Rapid ART initiation can lead to improved clinical outcomes. Portugal has one of the highest rates of new HIV diagnoses in the European Union, and an average time until ART initiation above the recommendations established by the national guideline according to data from the first two years after its implementation in 2015, with no more recent data available after that. This study aimed to evaluate time from the first hospital appointment until ART initiation among newly diagnosed HIV patients in Portugal between 2017 and 2018, to investigate differences between hospitals, and to understand the experience of patient associations in supporting the navigation of PLWH throughout referral and linkage to the therapeutic process. To answer to these objectives, a twofold design was followed: a quantitative approach, with an analysis of records from five Portuguese hospitals, and a qualitative approach, with individual interviews with three representatives of patient associations. Overall, 847 and 840 PLWH initiated ART in 2017 and in 2018, respectively, 21 days (median of the two years) after the first appointment, with nearly half coming outside the mainstream service for hospital referral, and with observed differences between hospitals. In 2017-2018, only 38.0% of PLWH initiated ART in less than 14 days after the first hospital appointment. From the interviews, barriers of administrative and psychosocial nature were identified that may hinder access to ART. Patient associations work to offer a tailored support to patients' navigation within the health system, which can help to reduce or overcome those potential barriers. Indicators related to time until ART initiation can be used to monitor and improve access to specialized care of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nicolau
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Cortes
- Lean Health Portugal, Campus da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Lopes
- Lean Health Portugal, Campus da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.V.); (O.S.); (F.M.); (Á.A.P.); (F.A.)
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.V.); (O.S.); (F.M.); (Á.A.P.); (F.A.)
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Unbreakable Idea Research, 2550-426 Painho, Portugal
| | - António Martins
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nancy Faria
- Serviço de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira, Av. Luís de Camões 6180, 9000-177 Funchal, Portugal; (N.F.); (A.P.R.)
| | - Ana Paula Reis
- Serviço de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira, Av. Luís de Camões 6180, 9000-177 Funchal, Portugal; (N.F.); (A.P.R.)
| | - Catarina Santos
- Hospital de Cascais, Av. Brigadeiro Victor Novais Gonçalves, 2755-009 Alcabideche, Portugal;
| | - Fernando Maltez
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.V.); (O.S.); (F.M.); (Á.A.P.); (F.A.)
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, Rua da Beneficência, nº 8, 1069-166 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Ayres Pereira
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.V.); (O.S.); (F.M.); (Á.A.P.); (F.A.)
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Antunes
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.V.); (O.S.); (F.M.); (Á.A.P.); (F.A.)
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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