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Torres-Garcia D, Gené J, García D, Cano-Lira JF. Insights into Some Onygenalean Fungi from Freshwater Sediments in Spain and Description of Novel Taxa. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1129. [PMID: 38132730 PMCID: PMC10744713 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During the course of a project investigating culturable Ascomycota diversity from freshwater sediments in Spain, we isolated 63 strains of cycloheximide-resistant fungi belonging to the order Onygenales. These well-known ascomycetes, able to infect both humans and animals, are commonly found in terrestrial habitats, colonizing keratin-rich soils or dung. Little is known about their diversity in aquatic environments. Combining morphological features and sequence analyses of the ITS and LSU regions of the nrDNA, we identified 14 species distributed in the genera Aphanoascus, Arachniotus, Arthroderma, Arthropsis, Emmonsiellopsis, Gymnoascoideus, Leucothecium, Malbranchea, and Myriodontium. Furthermore, three novel species for the genus Malbranchea are proposed as M. echinulata sp. nov., M. irregularis sp. nov., and M. sinuata sp. nov. The new genera Albidomyces and Neoarthropsis are introduced based on Arachniotus albicans and Arthropsis hispanica, respectively. Neoarthropsis sexualis sp. nov. is characterized and differentiated morphologically from its counterpart by the production of a sexual morph. The novel family Neoarthropsidaceae is proposed for the genera Albidomyes, Apinisia, Arachnotheca, Myriodontium, and Neoarthropsis, based on their phylogenetic relationships and phenotypic and ecological traits. Pseudoamaurascopsis gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate P. spiralis sp. nov., a fungus with unclear taxonomy related to Amaurascopsis and Polytolypa. We traced the ecology and global distribution of the novel fungi through ITS environmental sequences deposited in the GlobalFungi database. Studying the fungal diversity from freshwater sediments not only contributes to filling gaps in the relationships and taxonomy of the Ascomycota but also gives us insights into the fungal community that might represent a putative risk to the health of animals and humans inhabiting or transient in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josepa Gené
- Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IU-RESCAT, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (D.T.-G.); (D.G.); (J.F.C.-L.)
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Abstract
AbstractThe order Onygenales is classified in the class Eurotiomycetes of the subphylum Pezizomycotina. Families in this order have classically been isolated from soil and dung, and two lineages contain causative agents of superficial, cutaneous and systemic infections in mammals. The ecology and habitat choices of the species are driven mainly by the keratin and cellulose degradation abilities. The present study aimed to investigate whether the ecological trends of the members of Onygenales can be interpreted in an evolutionary sense, linking phylogenetic parameters with habitat preferences, to achieve polyphasic definitions of the main taxonomic groups. Evolutionary processes were estimated by multiple gene genealogies and divergence time analysis. Previously described families, namely, Arthrodermataceae, Ajellomycetaceae, Ascosphaeraceae, Eremascaceae, Gymnoascaceae, Onygenaceae and Spiromastigoidaceae, were accepted in Onygenales, and two new families, Malbrancheaceae and Neogymnomycetaceae, were introduced. A number of species could not be assigned to any of the defined families. Our study provides a revised overview of the main lines of taxonomy of Onygenales, supported by multilocus analyses of ITS, LSU, TUB, TEF1, TEF3, RPB1, RPB2, and ribosomal protein 60S L10 (L1) (RP60S) sequences, combined with available data on ecology, physiology, morphology, and genomics.
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Rodríguez-Andrade E, Cano-Lira JF, Wiederhold N, Pérez-Cantero A, Guarro J, Stchigel AM. A revision of malbranchea-like fungi from clinical specimens in the United States of America reveals unexpected novelty. IMA Fungus 2021; 12:25. [PMID: 34493345 PMCID: PMC8422767 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungi of the order Onygenales can cause important human infections; however, their taxonomy and worldwide occurrence is still little known. We have studied and identified a representative number of clinical fungi belonging to that order from a reference laboratory in the USA. A total of 22 strains isolated from respiratory tract (40%) and human skin and nails (27.2%) showed a malbranchea-like morphology. Six genera were phenotypically and molecularly identified, i.e. Auxarthron/Malbranchea (68.2%), Arachnomyces (9.1%), Spiromastigoides (9.1%), and Currahmyces (4.5%), and two newly proposed genera (4.5% each). Based on the results of the phylogenetic study, we synonymized Auxarthron with Malbranchea, and erected two new genera: Pseudoarthropsis and Pseudomalbranchea. New species proposed are: Arachnomyces bostrychodes, A. graciliformis, Currahmyces sparsispora, Malbranchea gymnoascoides, M. multiseptata, M. stricta, Pseudoarthropsis crassispora, Pseudomalbranchea gemmata, and Spiromastigoides geomycoides, along with a new combination for Malbranchea gypsea. The echinocandins showed the highest in vitro antifungal activity against the studied isolates, followed by terbinafine and posaconazole; in contrast, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and 5-fluorocytosine were less active or lacked in vitro activity against these fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rodríguez-Andrade
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - José F Cano-Lira
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alba Pérez-Cantero
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Guarro
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alberto M Stchigel
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
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Harkes P, Suleiman AKA, van den Elsen SJJ, de Haan JJ, Holterman M, Kuramae EE, Helder J. Conventional and organic soil management as divergent drivers of resident and active fractions of major soil food web constituents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13521. [PMID: 31534146 PMCID: PMC6751164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional agricultural production systems, typified by large inputs of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, reduce soil biodiversity and may negatively affect ecosystem services such as carbon fixation, nutrient cycling and disease suppressiveness. Organic soil management is thought to contribute to a more diverse and stable soil food web, but data detailing this effect are sparse and fragmented. We set out to map both the resident (rDNA) and the active (rRNA) fractions of bacterial, fungal, protozoan and metazoan communities under various soil management regimes in two distinct soil types with barley as the main crop. Contrasts between resident and active communities explained 22%, 14%, 21% and 25% of the variance within the bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and metazoan communities. As the active fractions of organismal groups define the actual ecological functioning of soils, our findings underline the relevance of characterizing both resident and active pools. All four major organismal groups were affected by soil management (p < 0.01), and most taxa showed both an increased presence and an enlarged activity under the organic regime. Hence, a prolonged organic soil management not only impacts the primary decomposers, bacteria and fungi, but also major representatives of the next trophic level, protists and metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Harkes
- Laboratory of Nematology, Dept. Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Afnan K A Suleiman
- Department Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433, PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J J van den Elsen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Dept. Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes J de Haan
- Wageningen University & Research Open Teelten, Edelhertweg 10, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Holterman
- Laboratory of Nematology, Dept. Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Department Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Helder
- Laboratory of Nematology, Dept. Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Cimmino A, Sarrocco S, Masi M, Diquattro S, Evidente M, Vannacci G, Evidente A. Fusaproliferin, Terpestacin and Their Derivatives Display Variable Allelopathic Activity Against Some Ascomycetous Fungi. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:1593-1600. [PMID: 27448697 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous mammal dung supports a large variety of fimicolous fungi able to produce different bioactive secondary metabolites to compete with other organisms. Recently, the organic extracts of the Solid State Fermentation (SSF) cultures of Cleistothelebolus nipigonensis and Neogymnomyces virgineus, showing strong antifungal activity, were preliminarily investigated. This manuscript reports the isolation of the main metabolites identified, using spectroscopic and optical methods, as fusaproliferin (1) and terpestacin (2). Furthermore, some key hemisynthetic derivatives were prepared and their antifungal activity was tested against the same fungi previously reported to be affected by the organic extracts obtained from SSF. These metabolites and their derivatives resulted able to reduce the growth of Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum in a variable extent strongly dependent from chemical modifications and test fungi. The hydroxy enolic group at C(17) appeared to be a structural feature important to impart activity. This study represents the first report of these secondary metabolites produced by C. nipigonensis and N. virgineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, IT-80126, Napoli
| | - Sabrina Sarrocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, IT-56124, Pisa
| | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, IT-80126, Napoli
| | - Stefania Diquattro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, IT-56124, Pisa
| | - Marco Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, IT-80126, Napoli
| | - Giovanni Vannacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, IT-56124, Pisa
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, IT-80126, Napoli
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Sarrocco S. Dung-inhabiting fungi: a potential reservoir of novel secondary metabolites for the control of plant pathogens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:643-652. [PMID: 26662623 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coprophilous fungi are a large group of saprotrophic fungi mostly found in herbivore dung. The number of these fungi undergoing investigation is continually increasing, and new species and genera continue to be described. Dung-inhabiting fungi play an important ecological role in decomposing and recycling nutrients from animal dung. They produce a large array of bioactive secondary metabolites and have a potent enzymatic arsenal able to utilise even complex molecules. Bioactive secondary metabolites are actively involved in interaction with and defence against other organisms whose growth can be inhibited, resulting in an enhanced ecological fitness of producer strains. Currently, these antibiotics and bioactive secondary metabolites are of interest in medicine in particular, while very little information is available concerning their potential use in agriculture. This review introduces the ecology of dung-inhabiting fungi, with particular emphasis on the production of antibiotic compounds as a means to compete with other microorganisms. Owing to the fast pace of technological progress, new approaches to predicting the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites are proposed. Coprophilous fungi should be considered as elite candidate organisms for the discovery of novel antifungal compounds, above all in view of their exploitation for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sarrocco
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Huang Y, Busk PK, Herbst FA, Lange L. Genome and secretome analyses provide insights into keratin decomposition by novel proteases from the non-pathogenic fungus Onygena corvina. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9635-49. [PMID: 26177915 PMCID: PMC4628079 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poultry processing plants and slaughterhouses produce huge quantities of feathers and hair/bristle waste annually. These keratinaceous wastes are highly resistant to degradation. Onygena corvina, a non-pathogenic fungus, grows specifically on feathers, hooves, horn, and hair in nature. Hence, the proteases secreted by O. corvina are interesting in view of their potential relevance for industrial decomposition of keratinaceous wastes. We sequenced and assembled the genome of O. corvina and used a method called peptide pattern recognition to identify 73 different proteases. Comparative genome analysis of proteases in keratin-degrading and non-keratin-degrading fungi indicated that 18 putative secreted proteases from four protease families (M36, M35, M43, and S8) may be responsible for keratin decomposition. Twelve of the 18 predicted protease genes could be amplified from O. corvina grown on keratinaceous materials and were transformed into Pichia pastoris. One of the recombinant proteases belonging to the S8 family showed high keratin-degrading activity. Furthermore, 29 different proteases were identified by mass spectrometry in the culture broth of O. corvina grown on feathers and bristle. The culture broth was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography to isolate active fractions with five novel proteases belonging to three protease families (S8, M28, and M3). Enzyme blends composed of three of these five proteases, one from each family, showed high degree of degradation of keratin in vitro. A blend of novel proteases, such as those we discovered, could possibly find a use for degrading keratinaceous wastes and provide proteins, peptides, and amino acids as valuable ingredients for animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Copenhagen, 2450, Copenhagen, SV, Denmark
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kamp Busk
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Copenhagen, 2450, Copenhagen, SV, Denmark
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Florian-Alexander Herbst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Lene Lange
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Copenhagen, 2450, Copenhagen, SV, Denmark.
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Sharma R, Singh SK. A new species of Gymnoascus with verruculose ascospores. IMA Fungus 2014; 4:177-86. [PMID: 24563830 PMCID: PMC3905936 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species, Gymnoascus verrucosus sp. nov., isolated from soil from Kalyan railway station, Maharashtra, India, is described and illustrated. The distinctive morphological features of this taxon are its verruculose ascospores (ornamentation visible only under SEM) and its deer antler-shaped short peridial appendages. The small peridial appendages originate from open mesh-like gymnothecial ascomata made up of thick-walled, smooth peridial hyphae. The characteristic morphology of the fungus is not formed in culture where it has very restricted growth and forms arthroconidia. Phylogenetic analysis of different rDNA gene sequences (ITS, LSU, and SSU) demonstrates its placement in Gymnoascaceae and reveal its phylogenetic relatedness to other species of Gymnoascus, especially G. petalosporus and G. boliviensis. The generic concept of Gymnoascus is consequently now broadened to include species with verruculose ascospores. A key to the accepted 19 species is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- National Facility for Culture Collection of Fungi, MACS' Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- National Facility for Culture Collection of Fungi, MACS' Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004, India
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Bills GF, Gloer JB, An Z. Coprophilous fungi: antibiotic discovery and functions in an underexplored arena of microbial defensive mutualism. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:549-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sharma R, Gräser Y, Singh SK. Auxarthronopsis, a new genus of Onygenales isolated from the vicinity of Bandhavgarh National Park, India. IMA Fungus 2013; 4:89-102. [PMID: 23898415 PMCID: PMC3719210 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An interesting onygenalean ascomycete was isolated from soil collected from a hollow tree near Bandhavgarh National Park situated in central India. The keratinophilic nature associated with a malbranchea-like asexual morph, appendaged mesh-like reticuloperidia, and subglobose to oblate, punctate ascospores, support the inclusion of this isolate in Onygenaceae. Further, the pale cream ascomata, punctate ascospores, and swollen septa in the peridial hyphae suggested that this was a new species of Auxarthron. However, phylogenetic study of LSU, SSU and ITS sequences, and presence of more than three swollen septa on the peridial appendages, do not support a placement within Auxarthron, and the new generic name Auxarthronopsis is introduced to accommodate this new fungus. The distinguishing features of this new taxon are the multiple (≥10) swollen septa on the appendages attached to its reticulate, loosely mesh-like peridium, the finely and regularly punctate ascospores, and the production of arthroconidial and aleurioconidial asexual forms. Sequence analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, SSU and LSU regions clearly separate this fungus from monophyletic Auxarthron and other taxa bearing some morphological similarity. Phylogenetically, Auxarthronopsis bandhavgarhensis gen. sp. nov. is closest to Amauroascus purpureus, A. volatilis-patellis, Nannizziopsisalbicans, and Renispora flavissima, but differs morphologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- National Facility for Culture Collection of Fungi, MACS' Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004, India
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Sutton DA, Marín Y, Thompson EH, Wickes BL, Fu J, García D, Swinford A, de Maar T, Guarro J. Isolation and characterization of a new fungal genus and species, Aphanoascella galapagosensis, from carapace keratitis of a Galapagos tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra microphyes). Med Mycol 2012; 51:113-20. [PMID: 22852752 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2012.701767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new fungal genus and species, Aphanoascella galapagosensis, recovered from carapace keratitis in a Galapagos tortoise residing in a south Texas zoological collection, is characterized and described. The presence of a pale peridium composed of textura epidermoidea surrounded by scarce Hülle cell-like chlamydospores, and the characteristic reticulate ascospores with an equatorial rim separates it from other genera within the Onygenales. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the analysis of D1/D2 sequences demonstrates that this fungus represents a new lineage within that order. As D1/D2 and ITS sequence data also shows a further separation of Aphanoascus spp. into two monophyletic groups, we propose to retain the generic name Keratinophyton for species whose ascospores are pitted and display a conspicuous equatorial rim, and thereby propose new combinations in this genus for four Aphanoascus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Sutton
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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