Fabrication and controlled release of electrosprayed ReoPro-loaded metal surface for vascular stent

Electrosprayed Montelukast/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) particle based coating: A new therapeutic approach towards the prevention of in-stent restenosis

Drug-eluting stents (DESs), have shown promising results in prevention of in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The elevated level of leukotrienes (LTs) detected in injured arteries after PCI, together with the potential role of LTs in inflammatory cascades and structural alterations in arterial wall provides the rationale for development of therapeutic strategies for prevention of in-stent restenosis using LTs receptor antagonists. Montelukast (MK) is a selective cysLT1 receptor antagonist, with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties, which has been used for treatment of various diseases. Here, we report on the fabrication of MK/PLGA particles by electrospraying, aiming towards the development of particle based coating of DESs. The electrosprayed particles incorporated with 3% and 6% w/w MK exhibited fairly spherical shape with smooth surfaces and narrow size distribution. Sustained release of MK for up to 40days was obtained for both formulations, with higher initial burst release and drug release rate for the particles with higher drug loading. The LTD4 induced proliferation and migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) by 35% and 85%, respectively, which was substantially antagonized using MK incorporated particles. Nevertheless, MK antagonism preserved the normal proliferation and migration of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Moreover, MK antagonism inhibited the LTD4 induced phenotypic transition of HCASMCs from contractile to synthetic type. The electrosprayed MK-PLGA particles can be employed as a coating for DESs to inhibit the formation of neointimal hyperplasia responsible for in-stent restenosis, yet preserve the healing rate of the stented vessel.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT

Montelukast (MK) is a selective cysLT1 receptor antagonist, with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. The LTD4 induced proliferation and migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells by 35% and 85%, respectively, which was substantially antagonized using MK incorporated particles. MK antagonism preserved the normal proliferation and migration of human coronary artery endothelial cells. The MK antagonism inhibited the phenotypic transition of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells from contractile to synthetic one induced by LTD4. The electrosprayed MK-PLGA particles can be employed as coating for DESs to inhibit formation of neointimal hyperplasia, responsible for in-stent restenosis.

Coating Techniques and Release Kinetics of Drug-Eluting Stents

Implantation of drug-eluting stents (DESs) via percutaneous coronary intervention is the most popular treatment option to restore blood flow to occluded vasculature. The many devices currently used in clinic and under examination in research laboratories are manufactured using a variety of coating techniques to create the incorporated drug release platforms. These coating techniques offer various benefits including ease of use, expense of equipment, and design variability. This review paper discusses recent novel DES designs utilizing individual or a combination of these coating techniques and their resulting drug release profiles.