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Xin YZ, Li X, Yang SJ, Lee J, Liu C, Fang Y. Calculation of stresses on 3D scaffolds fabricated using extrusion-based bioprinting using a semi-analytical approach. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 135:105471. [PMID: 36166940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The scaffold is essential to tissue engineering. In particular, the mechanical property of scaffolds has a significant impact on the success rate of regeneration. While numerous techniques exist for measuring mechanical properties, Compression test, three-point bending test, and nano-indentation test are the most common. Nevertheless, the mechanical property of porous structures cannot be accurately measured by previous testing methods. Combining superposition principles with the Flamant solution, this study developed semi-analytical solutions. Through compression testing and FEM simulation, the semi-analytical solution was fully validated. The solution can calculate not only the maximum stress of layer-by-layer construction of complex 3D scaffolds, but also the maximum load-bearing capacity if the mechanical property of the material is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhu Xin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Seok-Jo Yang
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - JunHee Lee
- Department of Nature-inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34103, South Korea
| | - Chunbao Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China.
| | - Yuqiang Fang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China.
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2
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Grivet-Brancot A, Boffito M, Ciardelli G. Use of Polyesters in Fused Deposition Modeling for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200039. [PMID: 35488769 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing techniques experienced a growing interest in several sectors, including the biomedical one. Their main advantage resides in the possibility to obtain complex and personalized structures in a cost-effective way impossible to achieve with traditional production methods. This is especially true for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), one of the most diffused 3D printing methods. The easy customization of the final products' geometry, composition and physico-chemical properties is particularly interesting for the increasingly personalized approach adopted in modern medicine. Thermoplastic polymers are the preferred choice for FDM applications, and a wide selection of biocompatible and biodegradable materials is available to this aim. Moreover, these polymers can also be easily modified before and after printing to better suit the body environment and the mechanical properties of biological tissues. This review focuses on the use of thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters for FDM applications in the biomedical field. In detail, the use of poly(ε-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, thermo-plastic poly(ester urethane)s and their blends has been thoroughly surveyed, with particular attention to their main features, applicability and workability. The state-of-the-art is presented and current challenges in integrating the additive manufacturing technology in the medical practice are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Grivet-Brancot
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Università di Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
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3
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Surface modification of a three-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffold by polydopamine, biomineralization, and BMP-2 immobilization for potential bone tissue applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 199:111528. [PMID: 33385823 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a free-form fabrication technique enabling fine feature control for tissue engineering applications. Especially, 3D scaffolds capable of supporting cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation are a prerequisite for bone tissue regeneration. Herein, we elaborated this approach to produce a 3D polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold with long-term osteogenic activity. Specifically, we coated polydopamine (PDA) on 3D PCL scaffolds, subsequently deposited hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles via biomimetic mineralization, and finally immobilized bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Material properties were characterized and compared with various 3D scaffolds, including PCL, PDA-coated PCL (PCL/PDA), and PDA-coated and HA-deposited PCL (PCL/PDA/HA). In vitro cell culture studies with osteoblasts revealed that the PCL/PDA/HA scaffolds immobilized with BMP-2 showed long-term retention of BMP-2 (for up to 21 days) and significantly increased osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by metabolic activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition. We believe that this multifunctional osteogenic 3D scaffold will be useful for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Yu J, Lee S, Choi S, Kim KK, Ryu B, Kim CY, Jung CR, Min BH, Xin YZ, Park SA, Kim W, Lee D, Lee J. Fabrication of a Polycaprolactone/Alginate Bipartite Hybrid Scaffold for Osteochondral Tissue Using a Three-Dimensional Bioprinting System. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2203. [PMID: 32992994 PMCID: PMC7599520 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defects, including damage to both the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone, are challenging to repair. Although many technological advancements have been made in recent years, there are technical difficulties in the engineering of cartilage and bone layers, simultaneously. Moreover, there is a great need for a valuable in vitro platform enabling the assessment of osteochondral tissues to reduce pre-operative risk. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting systems may be a promising approach for fabricating human tissues and organs. Here, we aimed to develop a polycaprolactone (PCL)/alginate bipartite hybrid scaffold using a multihead 3D bioprinting system. The hybrid scaffold was composed of PCL, which could improve the mechanical properties of the construct, and alginate, encapsulating progenitor cells that could differentiate into cartilage and bone. To differentiate the bipartite hybrid scaffold into osteochondral tissue, a polydimethylsiloxane coculture system for osteochondral tissue (PCSOT) was designed and developed. Based on evaluation of the biological performance of the novel hybrid scaffold, the PCL/alginate bipartite scaffold was successfully fabricated; importantly, our findings suggest that this PCSOT system may be applicable as an in vitro platform for osteochondral tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunJie Yu
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.AP.); (W.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - SuJeong Lee
- Medical Device Convergence Center, Konyang University Hospital, 158 Gwanjedong-Ro, Seo-Gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.C.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Kee K. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.C.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtonggu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Yuan-Zhu Xin
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, No. 5988, Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, China;
| | - Su A Park
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.AP.); (W.K.)
| | - Wandoo Kim
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.AP.); (W.K.)
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - JunHee Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired System and Application, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.AP.); (W.K.)
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Seok JM, Rajangam T, Jeong JE, Cheong S, Joo SM, Oh SJ, Shin H, Kim SH, Park SA. Fabrication of 3D plotted scaffold with microporous strands for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:951-960. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02360g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold porosity has played a key role in bone tissue engineering aimed at effective tissue regeneration, by promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation for new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Seok
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems
- Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials
- Daejeon 34103
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering
| | - Thanavel Rajangam
- Center for Biomaterials
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Jeong
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems
- Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials
- Daejeon 34103
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Min Joo
- TaeWoong Medical Institute
- Osong 28161
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Center for Biomaterials
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 04763
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Su A Park
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems
- Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials
- Daejeon 34103
- Republic of Korea
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6
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Shick TM, Abdul Kadir AZ, Ngadiman NHA, Ma’aram A. A review of biomaterials scaffold fabrication in additive manufacturing for tissue engineering. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911519877426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current developments in three-dimensional printing also referred as “additive manufacturing” have transformed the scenarios for modern manufacturing and engineering design processes which show greatest advantages for the fabrication of complex structures such as scaffold for tissue engineering. This review aims to introduce additive manufacturing techniques in tissue engineering, types of biomaterials used in scaffold fabrication, as well as in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Biomaterials and fabrication methods could critically affect the outcomes of scaffold mechanical properties, design architectures, and cell proliferations. In addition, an ideal scaffold aids the efficiency of cell proliferation and allows the movements of cell nutrient inside the human body with their specific material properties. This article provides comprehensive review that covers broad range of all the biomaterial types using various additive manufacturing technologies. The data were extracted from 2008 to 2018 mostly from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus using keywords such as “Additive Manufacturing,” “3D Printing,” “Tissue Engineering,” “Biomaterial” and “Scaffold.” A 10 years research in this area was found to be mostly focused toward obtaining an ideal scaffold by investigating the fabrication strategies, biomaterials compatibility, scaffold design effectiveness through computer-aided design modeling, and optimum printing machine parameters identification. As a conclusion, this ideal scaffold fabrication can be obtained with the combination of different materials that could enhance the material properties which performed well in optimum additive manufacturing condition. Yet, there are still many challenges from the printing methods, bioprinting and cell culturing that needs to be discovered and investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Mei Shick
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Aini Zuhra Abdul Kadir
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Azanizawati Ma’aram
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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7
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Choi JW, Maeng WY, Koh YH, Lee H, Kim HE. 3D Plotting using Camphene as Pore-regulating Agent to Produce Hierarchical Macro/micro-porous Poly(ε-caprolactone)/calcium phosphate Composite Scaffolds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:ma12172650. [PMID: 31438474 PMCID: PMC6747617 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the utility of camphene as the pore-regulating agent for phase separation-based 3D plotting to produce hierarchical macro/micro-porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-calcium phosphate (CaP) composite scaffolds, specifically featuring highly microporous surfaces. Unlike conventional particulate porogens, camphene is highly soluble in acetone, the solvent for PCL polymer, but insoluble in coagulation medium (water). In this study, this unique characteristic supported the creation of numerous micropores both within and at the surfaces of PCL and PCL-CaP composite filaments when using high camphene contents (40 and 50 wt%). In addition, the incorporation of the CaP particles into PCL solutions did not deteriorate the formation of microporous structures, and thus hierarchical macro/micro-porous PCL-CaP composite scaffolds could be successfully produced. As the CaP content increased, the in vitro biocompatibility, apatite-forming ability, and mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, and compressive modulus) of the PCL-CaP composite scaffolds were substantially improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Choi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Woo-Youl Maeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Young-Hag Koh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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8
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Gandolfi MG, Zamparini F, Degli Esposti M, Chiellini F, Fava F, Fabbri P, Taddei P, Prati C. Highly porous polycaprolactone scaffolds doped with calcium silicate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate designed for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:341-361. [PMID: 31147007 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and/or calcium silicates (CaSi) have been used to prepare highly porous scaffolds by thermally induced phase separation technique (TIPS). Three experimental mineral-doped formulations were prepared (PCL-10CaSi, PCL-5CaSi-5DCPD, PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD); pure PCL scaffolds constituted the control group. Scaffolds were tested for their chemical-physical and biological properties, namely thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties by quasi-static parallel-plates compression testing, porosity by a standard water-absorption method calcium release, alkalinizing activity, surface microchemistry and micromorphology by Environmental Scanning electronic Microscopy (ESEM), apatite-forming ability in Hank Balanced Saline Solution (HBSS) by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and micro-Raman, and direct contact cytotoxicity. All mineral-doped scaffolds released calcium and alkalinized the soaking medium, which may favor a good biological (osteogenic) response. ESEM surface micromorphology analyses after soaking in HBSS revealed: pure PCL, PCL-10CaSi and PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD kept similar surface porosity percentages but different pore shape modifications. PCL-5CaSi-5DCPD revealed a significant surface porosity increase despite calcium phosphates nucleation (p < 0.05). Micro-Raman spectroscopy detected the formation of a B-type carbonated apatite (Ap) layer on the surface of PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD aged for 28 days in HBSS; a similar phase (but of lower thickness) formed also on PCL-5CaSi-5DCPD and PCL; the deposit formed on PCL-10CaSi was mainly composed of calcite. All PCL showed bulk open porosity higher than 94%; however, no relevant brittleness was observed in the materials, which retained the possibility to be handled without collapsing. The thermo-mechanical properties showed that the reinforcing and nucleating action of the inorganic fillers CaSi and DCPD improved viscoelastic properties of the scaffolds, as confirmed by the increased value of storage modulus and the slight increase in the crystallization temperature for all the biomaterials. A detrimental effect on the mechanical properties was observed in samples with the highest amount of inorganic particles (PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD). All the scaffolds showed absence of toxicity, in particular PCL-10CaSi-10DCPD. The designed scaffolds are biointeractive (release biologically relevant ions), nucleate apatite, possess high surface and internal open porosity and can be colonized by cells, creating a bone forming osteoblastic microenvironment and appearing interesting materials for bone regeneration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Degli Esposti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Chiellini
- BIOlab Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Fabbri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Taddei
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Kim JW, Shin KH, Koh YH, Hah MJ, Moon J, Kim HE. Production of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds with a Tailored Macro/Micro-Porous Structure, High Mechanical Properties, and Excellent Bioactivity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1123. [PMID: 28937605 PMCID: PMC5666929 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We produced poro-us poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffolds for bone regeneration, which can have a tailored macro/micro-porous structure with high mechanical properties and excellent in vitro bioactivity using non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS)-based 3D plotting. This innovative 3D plotting technique can create highly microporous PCL/HA composite filaments by inducing unique phase separation in PCL/HA solutions through the non-solvent-solvent exchange phenomenon. The PCL/HA composite scaffolds produced with various HA contents (0 wt %, 10 wt %, 15 wt %, and 20 wt %) showed that PCL/HA composite struts with highly microporous structures were well constructed in a controlled periodic pattern. Similar levels of overall porosity (~78 vol %) and pore size (~248 µm) were observed for all the PCL/HA composite scaffolds, which would be highly beneficial to bone tissue regeneration. Mechanical properties, such as ultimate tensile strength and compressive yield strength, increased with an increase in HA content. In addition, incorporating bioactive HA particles into the PCL polymer led to remarkable enhancements in in vitro apatite-forming ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
| | - Kwan-Ha Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
| | - Young-Hag Koh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
| | - Min Jin Hah
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Institute for BioMaterials, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea.
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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10
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Park SH, Park SA, Kang YG, Shin JW, Park YS, Gu SR, Wu YR, Wei J, Shin JW. PCL/β-TCP Composite Scaffolds Exhibit Positive Osteogenic Differentiation with Mechanical Stimulation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:349-358. [PMID: 30603491 PMCID: PMC6171607 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the use of Polycaprolactone (PCL)/ β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composites with applied mechanical stimulation as scaffold for bone tissue engineering. PCL-based three-dimensional (3D) structures were fabricated in a solvent-free process using a 3D-printing technique. The mass fraction of β-TCP was varied in the range 0-30%, and the structure and compressive modulus of the specimens was characterized. The shape and interconnectivity of the pores was found to be satisfactory, and the compressive modulus of the specimens was comparable with that of human trabecular bone. Human mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on the composites, and various biological evaluations were performed over 9 days. With a mass fraction of β-TCP of 30%, differentiation began earlier; however, the cell proliferation rate was lower. Through the use of mechanical stimulation, however, the proliferation rate recovered, and was comparable with that of the other groups. This stimulation effect was also observed in ECM generation and other biological assays. With mechanical stimulation, expression of osteogenic markers was lower on samples with a β-TCP content of 10 wt% than without β-TCP; however, with mechanical stimulation, the sample with a β-TCP content of 30 wt% exhibited significantly greater expression of those markers than the other samples. We found that mechanical stimulation and the addition of β-TCP interacted closely, and that a mass fraction of β-TCP of 30% was particularly useful as a bone tissue scaffold when accompanied by mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Su A. Park
- Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34103 Korea
| | - Yun Gyeong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Ji Won Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Young Shik Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Seo Rin Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Yan Ru Wu
- Department of Health science and technology, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Jie Wei
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
- Inst. of Aged Life Redesign/ UHARC/Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
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11
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da Silva LCE, Más BA, Duek EAR, Landers R, Bertran CA, Gonçalves MC. Amphiphilic Nucleating Agents to Enhance Calcium Phosphate Growth on Polymeric Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3855-3863. [PMID: 28345934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is an aliphatic polyester widely explored in the preparation of guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes because of its interesting mechanical properties and biodegradability. However, PCL high hydrophobicity often impairs cell adhesion and proliferation as well as calcium phosphate growth, all of which are crucial to achieving suitable bone-tissue integration. In this work, aimed at achieving less-hydrophobic surfaces, amphiphilic molecules were added at low concentrations to the polymeric dope solutions that generated the GBR membranes. During membrane formation, these molecules migrate to the solution/air interface in such a way that, upon liquid-solid phase transition, the negatively charged heads are exposed while the apolar tails are anchored to the polymer bulk. As a consequence, these molecules became nucleating agents for subsequent calcium phosphate growth using an alternating soaking process. Herein, PCL porous membranes containing different amphiphilic molecules, such as stearic acid and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, were investigated. This new, simple, and atoxic method to superficially treat polymeric membranes could be extended to a wide range of polymers and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C E da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas , P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Bruna A Más
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo - PUC-SP , Sorocaba 18030-095, Brazil
| | - Eliana A R Duek
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo - PUC-SP , Sorocaba 18030-095, Brazil
| | - Richard Landers
- Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Applied Physics, "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, University of Campinas , P.O. Box 6165, Campinas 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Celso A Bertran
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas , P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Maria C Gonçalves
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas , P.O. Box 6154, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
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Fabrication and characterization of 3D-printed bone-like β-tricalcium phosphate/polycaprolactone scaffolds for dental tissue engineering. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Park SM, Kim HS. Preparation of acetylated chitosan/carbonated hydroxyapatite composite barriers for guided bone regeneration. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee SJ, Lee D, Yoon TR, Kim HK, Jo HH, Park JS, Lee JH, Kim WD, Kwon IK, Park SA. Surface modification of 3D-printed porous scaffolds via mussel-inspired polydopamine and effective immobilization of rhBMP-2 to promote osteogenic differentiation for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2016; 40:182-191. [PMID: 26868173 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED For tissue engineering, a bio-porous scaffold which is applied to bone-tissue regeneration should provide the hydrophilicity for cell attachment as well as provide for the capability to bind a bioactive molecule such as a growth factor in order to improve cell differentiation. In this work, we prepared a three-dimensional (3D) printed polycaprolactone scaffold (PCLS) grafted with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP2) attached via polydopamine (DOPA) chemistry. The DOPA coated PCL scaffold was characterized by contact angle, water uptake, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in order to certify that the surface was successfully coated with DOPA. In order to test the loading and release of rhBMP2, we examined the release rate for 28days. For the In vitro cell study, pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto PCL scaffolds (PCLSs), DOPA coated PCL scaffold (PCLSD), and scaffolds with varying concentrations of rhBMP2 grafted onto the PCLSD 100 and PCLSD 500 (100 and 500ng/ml loaded), respectively. These scaffolds were evaluated by cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and real time polymerase chain reaction with immunochemistry in order to verify their osteogenic activity. Through these studies, we demonstrated that our fabricated scaffolds were well coated with DOPA as well as grafted with rhBMP2 at a quantity of 22.7±5ng when treatment with 100ng/ml rhBMP2 and 153.3±2.4ng when treated with 500ng/ml rhBMP2. This grafting enables rhBMP2 to be released in a sustained pattern. In the in vitro results, the cell proliferation and an osteoconductivity of PCLSD 500 groups was greater than any other group. All of these results suggest that our manufactured 3D printed porous scaffold would be a useful construct for application to the bone tissue engineering field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tissue-engineered scaffolds are not only extremely complex and cumbersome, but also use organic solvents which can negatively influence cellular function. Thus, a rapid, solvent-free method is necessary to improve scaffold generation. Recently, 3D printing such as a rapid prototyping technique has several benefits in that manufacturing is a simple process using computer aided design and scaffolds can be generated without using solvents. In this study, we designed a bio-active scaffold using a very simple and direct method to manufacture DOPA coated 3D PCL porous scaffold grafted with rhBMP2 as a means to create bone-tissue regenerative scaffolds. To our knowledge, our approach can allow for the generation of scaffolds which possessed good properties for use as bone-tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea; Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Rim Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Hyeon Jo
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Park
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Doo Kim
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su A Park
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea.
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Development of Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin and Beta-Cyclodextrin Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8020049. [PMID: 30979140 PMCID: PMC6432564 DOI: 10.3390/polym8020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) 3D scaffolds using a solid free form fabrication (SFF) technique. β-cyclodextrin (βCD) was grafted to hydroxyapatite (HAp) and this βCD grafted HAp was coated onto the PCL scaffold surface, followed by drug loading through an inclusion complex interaction between the βCD and adamantane (AD) or between βCD and simvastatin (SIM). The scaffold structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The release profile of simvastatin in the β-CD grafted HAp was also evaluated. Osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) was examined using an alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) assay. The results suggest that drug loaded PCL-HAp 3-D scaffolds enhances osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.
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Synthesis and sol-gel transition of novel temperature responsive aba triblock-graft copolymers based on PCL and PEG analogues. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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