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Ruzvidzo KH, Kaur R, Jain M. Enhanced forward osmosis desalination of brackish water using phase-separating ternary organic draw solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose and propylene glycol propyl ether. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11110. [PMID: 39155465 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces draw solutions for application in forward osmosis (FO) processes, combining mono propylene glycol propyl ether (PGPE) with the cellulose derivative hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). A total of 16 unique single-solute and ternary organic draw solutions were prepared and evaluated, leading to the selection of three promising solutions for further investigation. Notably, eight of the initial organic draw solutions demonstrated osmotic pressures exceeding 2.4 MPa. The dynamic viscosities of all draw solutions exhibited a significant reduction with increasing temperature. Among the investigated solutions, the 0.25HPC-3.75PGPE demonstrated the most favorable FO performance, achieving average experimental water fluxes of 11.062 and 9.852 Lm-2 h-1 (LMH) against a 1 g/L NaCl brackish feed solution across two FO runs. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, MW ~100,000) was mixed with propylene glycol propyl ether (PGPE) as draw solutes for FO processes. Seven combinations of HPC and PGPE produced osmolalities greater than 1000 mOsm/kg. 0.5HPC-7.5PGPE ternary draw solution achieved experimental water fluxes of 11.062 and 9.852 LMH against 1 g/L NaCl brackish feed solution. Leveraging the LCSTs of these ternary organic solutions holds promise for improved separation and regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raminder Kaur
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Jain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
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2
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Moon J, Kang H. Anion Effect on Forward Osmosis Performance of Tetrabutylphosphonium-Based Draw Solute Having a Lower Critical Solution Temperature. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:211. [PMID: 36837713 PMCID: PMC9959785 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of ionic liquids (ILs) as the draw solute in a forward osmosis (FO) system was investigated through a study on the effect of the structural change of the anion on the FO performance. This study evaluated ILs composed of tetrabutylphosphonium cation ([P4444]+) and benzenesulfonate anion ([BS]-), para-position alkyl-substituted benzenesulfonate anions (p-methylbenzenesulfonate ([MBS]-) and p-ethylbenzenesulfonate ([EBS-]), and methanesulfonate anion ([MS]-). The analysis of the thermo-responsive properties suggested that the [P4444][MBS] and [P4444][EBS] ILs have lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs), which play a beneficial role in terms of the reusability of the draw solute from the diluted draw solutions after the water permeation process. At 20 wt% of an aqueous solution, the LCSTs of [P4444][MBS] and [P4444][EBS] were approximately 36 °C and 25 °C, respectively. The water flux and reverse solute flux of the [P4444][MBS] aqueous solution with higher osmolality than [P4444][EBS] were 7.36 LMH and 5.89 gMH in the active-layer facing the draw solution (AL-DS) mode at osmotic pressure of 25 atm (20 wt% solution), respectively. These results indicate that the [P4444]+-based ionic structured materials with LCST are practically advantageous for application as draw solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyo Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7720; Fax: +82-51-200-7728
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3
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Yang D, Cho Y, Kang H. Effects of the Structure of Benzenesulfonate-Based Draw Solutes on the Forward Osmosis Process. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1067. [PMID: 36363622 PMCID: PMC9696037 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) based on benzenesulfonate derivatives (tetrabutylphosphonium benzenesulfonate ([TBP][BS]), tetrabutylphosphonium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate ([TBP][MBS]), tetrabutylphosphonium 2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonate ([TBP][DMBS]), and tetrabutylphosphonium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate ([TBP][TMBS])) were synthesized via anion exchange with tetrabutylphosphonium bromide ([TBP][Br]). Then, we characterized the ILs and investigated their suitability as draw solutes for forward osmosis (FO), focusing on their thermoresponsive properties, conductivities, and osmotic pressures. We found that aqueous [TBP][BS] was not thermoresponsive, but 20 wt% aqueous [TBP][MBS], [TBP][DMBS], and [TBP][TMBS] had lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of approximately 41, 25, and 21 °C, respectively, enabling their easy recovery using waste heat. Based on these findings, 20 wt% aqueous [TBP][DMBS] was tested for its FO performance, and the water and reverse solute fluxes were found to be approximately 9.29 LMH and 1.37 gMH, respectively, in the active layer facing the draw solution (AL-DS) mode and 4.64 LMH and 0.37 gMH, respectively, in the active layer facing the feed solution (AL-FS) mode. Thus, these tetrabutylphosphonium benzenesulfonate-based LCST-type ILs are suitable for drawing solutes for FO process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7720; Fax: +82-51-200-7728
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4
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Takahashi T, Akiya K, Niizeki T, Matsumoto M, Hoshina TA. Tunable thermoresponsive UCST-type alkylimidazolium ionic liquids as a draw solution in the forward osmosis process. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Recent Developments and Future Challenges of Hydrogels as Draw Solutes in Forward Osmosis Process. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has been recently regarded as a promising water treatment technology due to its lower energy consumption and lower membrane fouling propensity compared to the reverse osmosis (RO). The absence of suitable draw solute constraints the wide-range application of the FO. Hydrogels are three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer networks that can absorb a huge amount of water. Particularly, stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels can undergo a reversible volume change or solution-gel phase transition in response to external environmental stimuli, including temperature, light, pressure, solvent composition, and pH. These intrinsic properties indicate the lowest regeneration cost of draw solutes compared to the thermal method and other membrane processes. This review aims to introduce the research progress on hydrogels as draw solutes, clarify the existing problems and point out the further research direction.
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Inada A, Takahashi T, Kumagai K, Matsuyama H. Morpholine Derivatives as Thermoresponsive Draw Solutes for Forward Osmosis Desalination. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Inada
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoki Takahashi
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kumagai
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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7
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Kim T, Ju C, Park C, Kang H. Polymer Having Dicationic Structure in Dumbbell Shape for Forward Osmosis Process. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030571. [PMID: 30960555 PMCID: PMC6473941 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The thermal-responsive polymers, poly(alkane-1,#-diylbis(tri-n-butylphosphonium) 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate) (PSSBP#, # = 8, 6, and 4), where # is the number of carbon atoms in the central bridge structure of the dicationic phosphonium moiety, were synthesized to examine their potential application as draw solutes in forward osmosis (FO). The polymers exhibited low critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristics in aqueous solutions, which is essential for recovering a draw solute from pure water. The LCSTs of the 20 wt% aqueous solutions of PSSBP8, PSSBP6, and PSSBP4 were confirmed to be approximately 30, 38, and 26 °C, respectively, which is advantageous in terms of energy requirements for the recovering draw solute. When the concentration of the PSSBP4 draw solution was 20 wt%, water flux and reverse solute flux were approximately 1.61 LMH and 0.91 gMH, respectively, in the active layer facing the draw solution (AL-DS) system when the feed solution was distilled water. The PSSBP# thermal-responsive draw solute has considerable potential for use as a next-generation draw solute because of its excellent osmotic performance and efficient recovery. Therefore, this study provides inspiration for novel ideas regarding structural transformations of polymers and their applicability as draw solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Changha Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Chanhyuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Hyo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
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Fundamental investigation of osmolality, thermo-responsive phase diagram, and water-drawing ability of ionic-liquid-based draw solution for forward osmosis membrane process. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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9
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Ju C, Park C, Kim T, Kang S, Kang H. Thermo-responsive draw solute for forward osmosis process; poly(ionic liquid) having lower critical solution temperature characteristics. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29493-29501. [PMID: 35531499 PMCID: PMC9072005 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04020j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly(ionic liquid) having lower critical solution temperature characteristics was synthesized to investigate its suitability as a draw solute for forward osmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changha Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhyuk Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- Republic of Korea
| | - Shinwoo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 49315
- Republic of Korea
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10
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Abstract
In recent years, membrane technologies have been developed to address water shortage and energy crisis. Forward osmosis (FO), as an emerging membrane-based water treatment technology, employs an extremely concentrated draw solution (DS) to draw water pass through the semi-permeable membrane from a feed solution. DS as a critical material in FO process plays a key role in determining separation performance and energy cost. Most of existing DSs after FO still require a regeneration step making its return to initial state. Therefore, selecting suitable DS with low reverse solute, high flux, and easy regeneration is critical for improving FO energy efficiency. Numerous novel DSs with improved performance and lower regeneration cost have been developed. However, none reviews reported the categories of DS based on the energy used for recovery up to now, leading to the lack of enough awareness of energy consumption in DS regeneration. This review will give a comprehensive overview on the existing DSs based on the types of energy utilized for DS regeneration. DS categories based on different types of energy used for DS recovery, mainly including direct use based, chemical energy based, waste heat based, electric energy based, magnetic field energy based, and solar energy based are proposed. The respective benefits and detriments of the majority of DS are addressed respectively according to the current reported literatures. Finally, future directions of energy applied to DS recovery are also discussed.
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11
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Xue W, Sint KKK, Ratanatamskul C, Praserthdam P, Yamamoto K. Binding TiO2 nanoparticles to forward osmosis membranes via MEMO–PMMA–Br monomer chains for enhanced filtration and antifouling performance. RSC Adv 2018; 8:19024-19033. [PMID: 35539656 PMCID: PMC9080677 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03613f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has attracted increasing interest in various applications for water and wastewater treatment and reuse. However, drawbacks caused by its lower-than-expected flux performance and fouling issues remain bottlenecks that limit the wider applications of FO technology. In this research, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were grafted onto two commercially available FO membranes, a cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane and an aquaporin (AqP) membrane, through a specially designed 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate–polymethyl methacrylate–bromide (MEMO–PMMA–Br) monomer chain, to improve the filtration performance with regard to pure water flux and organic fouling resistance. The success of the surface coating method was verified using FT-IR, SEM-EDX, and AFM. Approximately 30% titanium coverage was obtained for both FO membranes. A reduction of the contact angle on the modified CTA membrane surface indicated enhanced water permeability and antifouling performance. An adverse effect on the surface hydrophilicity of the modified AqP membrane may be attributed to the obstruction of aquaporins from the feed solution due to the coverage of MEMO–PMMA–Br monomers and TiO2 nanoparticles. The pure water flux of both membranes was significantly improved, with average flux increases of 73.4% and 13.6% identified for the modified CTA and AqP membranes, respectively. In addition, the antifouling performance of the AqP membrane was greatly enhanced after surface modification, attributed to the integrated effects of foulant photodegradation (catalyzed by TiO2 nanoparticles at the interface) and the prevention of functional water channels being blocked by organic foulants due to TiO2 coverage. Commercial forward osmosis membranes were modified by TiO2 nanoparticles. A designed MEMO–PMMA–Br monomer chain to reduce the damage on polymer membrane by TiO2. Water permeability and fouling resistance were significantly improved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Xue
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Kaung Ko Ko Sint
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Chavalit Ratanatamskul
- Department of Environmental Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Piyasan Praserthdam
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Energy, Environment, and Climate Change
- School of Environment, Resources, and Development
- Asian Institute of Technology
- Thailand
- Environmental Science Center
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12
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Abstract
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) has developed rapidly over the past decade. The development of draw solutes, a key component of FO processes, has also progressed remarkably. A wide range of synthetic draw solutes have been explored in recent years. Synthetic draw solutes exhibit superiority over the conventional draw solutes obtained commercially in terms of lower reverse solute fluxes and less energy consumption in draw solute recycling. However, there are still some big challenges for synthetic draw solutes, such as complicated synthetic procedures, low water fluxes, severe concentration polarization (CP) and decreased water recovery efficiency when recycled draw solutes are reused in FO. These challenges are also the current research focus on the exploration of novel draw solutes. This article aims to review the recent progress especially on synthetic draw solutes. Their design strategies, synthesis routes and FO performance are assessed. Some representative applications involving the synthetic draw solutes-facilitated FO processes are exemplified. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing synthetic draw solutions are evaluated. The challenges and future directions in exploring novel draw solutes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhen Chen
- College of Environment and Resources , Fuzhou University , No. 2 University of New Garden Road , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- College of Environment and Resources , Fuzhou University , No. 2 University of New Garden Road , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Qingchun Ge
- College of Environment and Resources , Fuzhou University , No. 2 University of New Garden Road , Fujian 350116 , China
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Zhong Y, Wang X, Feng X, Telalovic S, Gnanou Y, Huang KW, Hu X, Lai Z. Osmotic Heat Engine Using Thermally Responsive Ionic Liquids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9403-9409. [PMID: 28693317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The osmotic heat engine (OHE) is a promising technology for converting low grade heat to electricity. Most of the existing studies have focused on thermolytic salt systems. Herein, for the first time, we proposed to use thermally responsive ionic liquids (TRIL) that have either an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type of phase behavior as novel thermolytic osmotic agents. Closed-loop TRIL-OHEs were designed based on these unique phase behaviors to convert low grade heat to work or electricity. Experimental studies using two UCST-type TRILs, protonated betaine bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf2N]) and choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([choline][Tf2N]) showed that (1) the specific energy of the TRIL-OHE system could reach as high as 4.0 times that of the seawater and river water system, (2) the power density measured from a commercial FO membrane reached up to 2.3 W/m2, and (3) the overall energy efficiency reached up to 2.6% or 18% of the Carnot efficiency at no heat recovery and up to 10.5% or 71% of the Carnet efficiency at 70% heat recovery. All of these results clearly demonstrated the great potential of using TRILs as novel osmotic agents to design high efficient OHEs for recovery of low grade thermal energy to work or electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiang Zhong
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvedin Telalovic
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute , 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Ju C, Kang H. Zwitterionic polymers showing upper critical solution temperature behavior as draw solutes for forward osmosis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the suitability of homopolymer with UCST characteristics as draw solutes for the FO process for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changha Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 604-714
- Korea
| | - Hyo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Dong-A University
- Busan 604-714
- Korea
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15
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Direction and pressure response of osmotic pressure in binary polymer solutions. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Ali SA, Haladu SA, El-Sharif AMZ. Diallylbis(3-ethoxycarbonylpropyl)ammonium chloride: A symmetrically substituted monomer for the synthesis of an alternate zwitterionic-anionic cyclopolymer. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Zhong Y, Feng X, Chen W, Wang X, Huang KW, Gnanou Y, Lai Z. Using UCST Ionic Liquid as a Draw Solute in Forward Osmosis to Treat High-Salinity Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:1039-1045. [PMID: 26649525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The concept of using a thermoresponsive ionic liquid (IL) with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) as a draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) was successfully demonstrated here experimentally. A 3.2 M solution of protonated betaine bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf2N]) was obtained by heating and maintaining the temperature above 56 °C. This solution successfully drew water from high-salinity water up to 3.0 M through FO. When the IL solution cooled to room temperature, it spontaneously separated into a water-rich phase and an IL-rich phase: the water-rich phase was the produced water that contained a low IL concentration, and the IL-rich phase could be used directly as the draw solution in the next cycle of the FO process. The thermal stability, thermal-responsive solubility, and UV-vis absorption spectra of the IL were also studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiang Zhong
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, Saudi Arabia , 23955-6900
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, Saudi Arabia , 23955-6900
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, Saudi Arabia , 23955-6900
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, Saudi Arabia , 23955-6900
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, Saudi Arabia , 23955-6900
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, Saudi Arabia , 23955-6900
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, Saudi Arabia , 23955-6900
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18
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Thermodynamic analysis of energy density in pressure retarded osmosis: The impact of solution volumes and costs. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Zhou A, Luo H, Wang Q, Chen L, Zhang TC, Tao T. Magnetic thermoresponsive ionic nanogels as novel draw agents in forward osmosis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12102c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic thermosensitive ionic nanogels were prepared based on strong ionic monomer AMPS and thermosensitive monomer NIPAM via precipitation polymerization in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and investigated as draw solutes in FO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijiao Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Huayong Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Tian C. Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Tao Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Technology
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
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