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Gao J, Chen Z, Li X, Yang M, Lv J, Li H, Yuan Z. Chemiluminescence in Combination with Organic Photosensitizers: Beyond the Light Penetration Depth Limit of Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012556. [PMID: 36293406 PMCID: PMC9604449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising noninvasive medical technology that has been approved for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including bacterial and fungal infections, skin diseases, and several types of cancer. In recent decades, many photosensitizers have been developed and applied in PDT. However, PDT is still limited by light penetration depth, although many near-infrared photosensitizers have emerged. The chemiluminescence-mediated PDT (CL-PDT) system has recently received attention because it does not require an external light source to achieve targeted PDT. This review focuses on the rational design of organic CL-PDT systems. Specifically, PDT types, light wavelength, the chemiluminescence concept and principle, and the design of CL-PDT systems are introduced. Furthermore, chemiluminescent fraction examples, strategies for combining chemiluminescence with PDT, and current cellular and animal applications are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and possible solutions to CL-PDT systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zeli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi Medical University, No.6 West Xuefu Road, Xinpu District, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Z.Y.)
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Functional Significance of Angiotensin Receptor Type 2 in the Neuroplasticity of Autonomic Ganglia in (mRen2)27 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 81:76-84. [PMID: 36166507 PMCID: PMC9812419 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The over-expression of Ren -2 d gene in (mRen2)27 rats leads to development of hypertension mediated by the renin-angiotensin-system axis and exaggerated sympathetic nerve activity. Exogenously applied angiotensin II (AngII) on the superior cervical ganglion evokes ganglionic compound action potentials (gCAP) and ganglionic long-term potentiation (gLTP). We studied the functional role of angiotensin receptors and expression of reactive oxygen species marker, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) proteins in AngII-induced postganglionic transmission. Bath-applied AngII revealed that the indices of ganglionic transmission, synaptic strength of gCAP, and decay time for gLTP are remarkably prolonged in (mRen2)27 rats and were abolished by an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), suggesting postganglionic AngII Type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor localization and mediation. Receptor density for AT 1 was similar in (mRen2)27 and control animals, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that it is consistent with the mRNA profile. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry analysis showed similar AT 1 receptor distribution and signals. However, assessment of Type 2 (AT 2 ), Ang-(1-7)-MAS and NOX4-specific proteins showed that AT 2 receptor protein expression was 4-fold lower, consistent with a low mRNA profile. MAS receptor expression was 10-fold lower and NOX4 protein was 2-fold lower. Despite similarity in the densities of AT 1 receptor, the low levels of the components of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system at the ganglia may contribute to the differential superior cervical ganglion sensitivity to AngII. The lower NOX4 affects reactive oxygen species balance and possibly results in activation of downstream pathways to promote increased sympathetic nerve activity. We speculate that the significant diminution in AT 2, MAS, and NOX4 protein expressions may play an indirect role in the alteration and efficacy of gCAP and gLTP in hypertension.
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Lin L, Song X, Dong X, Li B. Nano-photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102597. [PMID: 34699982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) together with irradiation light of specific wavelength interacting with oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could trigger apoptosis and/or necrosis-induced cell death in target tissues. During the past two decades, multifunctional nano-PSs employing nanotechnology and nanomedicine developed, which present not only photosensitizing properties but additionally accurate drug release abilities, efficient response to optical stimuli and hypoxia resistance. Further, nano-PSs have been developed to enhance PDT efficacy by improving the ROS yield. In addition, nano-PSs with additive or synergistic therapies are significant for both currently preclinical study and future clinical practice, given their capability of considerable higher therapeutic efficacy under safer systemic drug dosage. In this review, nano-PSs that allow precise drug delivery for efficient absorption by target cells are introduced. Nano-PSs boosting sensitivity and conversion efficiency to PDT-activating stimuli are highlighted. Nano-PSs developed to address the challenging hypoxia conditions during PDT of deep-sited tumors are summarized. Specifically, PSs capable of synergistic therapy and the emerging novel types with higher ROS yield that further enhance PDT efficacy are presented. Finally, future demands for ideal nano-PSs, emphasizing clinical translation and application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaocheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
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Swami Vetha BS, Adam AG, Aileru A. Redox Responsive Copolyoxalate Smart Polymers for Inflammation and Other Aging-Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115607. [PMID: 34070585 PMCID: PMC8198274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyoxalate (POx) and copolyoxalate (CPOx) smart polymers are topics of interest the field of inflammation. This is due to their drug delivery ability and their potential to target reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to accommodate small molecules such as curcumin, vanilline, and p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol. Their biocompatibility, ultra-size tunable characteristics and bioimaging features are remarkable. In this review we discuss the genesis and concept of oxylate smart polymer-based particles and a few innovative systemic delivery methods that is designed to counteract the inflammation and other aging-associated diseases (AADs). First, we introduce the ROS and its role in human physiology. Second, we discuss the polymers and methods of incorporating small molecule in oxalate backbone and its drug delivery application. Finally, we revealed some novel proof of concepts which were proven effective in disease models and discussed the challenges of oxylate polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berwin Singh Swami Vetha
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, 1851 MacGregor Downs Road, MS 701, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Angela Guma Adam
- Physio/Biochem/New Product Development Division, Cocoa Research Center Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim 0233, Eastern Region, Ghana;
| | - Azeez Aileru
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, 1851 MacGregor Downs Road, MS 701, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +252-737-7125
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Swami Vetha BS, Oh PS, Kim SH, Jeong HJ. Curcuminoids encapsulated liposome nanoparticles as a blue light emitting diode induced photodynamic therapeutic system for cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 205:111840. [PMID: 32146273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Unlike normal cells, cancer cells mutate to thrive in exaggerated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This potentially makes them more susceptible to small molecule-induced oxidative stress. The intracellular ROS increase in cancer cells is a potential area under investigation for the development of cancer therapeutics targeting cancer cells. Visible photons of 430-490 nm wavelengths from a blue-light emitting diode (BLED) encompass the visible region of the spectrum known to induce ROS in cancer cells. Curcuminoids (CUR) naturally occurring photosensitizers sensitized by the blue wavelength of the visible light, well known for its potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Poor solubility and bioavailability, of the compound of the small molecule CUR restrict the therapeutic potential and limits CUR to be used as a photosensitizer. Here, our research group reports the use of small molecules CUR, encapsulated in liposome nanocarriers (LIP-CUR) coupled with blue light-emitting diode (BLED) induced photodynamic therapy (BLED-PDT). In A549 cancer cells in vitro, LIP-CUR coupled with BLED initiated BLED-PDT and triggered 1O2, ultimately resulting in caspase-3 activated apoptotic cell death. The combination of a non-cytotoxic dose of small molecule CUR co-treated with BLED to trigger BLED-PDT could be translated and be developed as a novel strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berwin Singh Swami Vetha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Phil-Sun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Suhn Hee Kim
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, South Korea.
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Demazeau M, Gibot L, Mingotaud AF, Vicendo P, Roux C, Lonetti B. Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:180-212. [PMID: 32082960 PMCID: PMC7006492 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a technique already used in ophthalmology or oncology. It is based on the local production of reactive oxygen species through an energy transfer from an excited photosensitizer to oxygen present in the biological tissue. This review first presents an update, mainly covering the last five years, regarding the block copolymers used as nanovectors for the delivery of the photosensitizer. In particular, we describe the chemical nature and structure of the block copolymers showing a very large range of existing systems, spanning from natural polymers such as proteins or polysaccharides to synthetic ones such as polyesters or polyacrylates. A second part focuses on important parameters for their design and the improvement of their efficiency. Finally, particular attention has been paid to the question of nanocarrier internalization and interaction with membranes (both biomimetic and cellular), and the importance of intracellular targeting has been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Demazeau
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Gibot
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Vicendo
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Roux
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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