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Blankevoort N, Bastante P, Davidson RJ, Salthouse RJ, Daaoub AHS, Cea P, Solans SM, Batsanov AS, Sangtarash S, Bryce MR, Agrait N, Sadeghi H. Exploring the Impact of the HOMO-LUMO Gap on Molecular Thermoelectric Properties: A Comparative Study of Conjugated Aromatic, Quinoidal, and Donor-Acceptor Core Systems. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8471-8477. [PMID: 38405513 PMCID: PMC10882689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Thermoelectric materials have garnered significant interest for their potential to efficiently convert waste heat into electrical energy at room temperature without moving parts or harmful emissions. This study investigated the impact of the HOMO-LUMO (H-L) gap on the thermoelectric properties of three distinct classes of organic compounds: conjugated aromatics (isoindigos (IIGs)), quinoidal molecules (benzodipyrrolidones (BDPs)), and donor-acceptor systems (bis(pyrrol-2-yl)squaraines (BPSs)). These compounds were chosen for their structural simplicity and linear π-conjugated conductance paths, which promote high electrical conductance and minimize complications from quantum interference. Single-molecule thermoelectric measurements revealed that despite their low H-L gaps, the Seebeck coefficients of these compounds remain low. The alignment of the frontier orbitals relative to the Fermi energy was found to play a crucial role in determining the Seebeck coefficients, as exemplified by the BDP compounds. Theoretical calculations support these findings and suggest that anchor group selection could further enhance the thermoelectric behavior of these types of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickel Blankevoort
- Device
Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Pablo Bastante
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada C-III, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ross J. Davidson
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | | | - Abdalghani H. S. Daaoub
- Device
Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad
de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad
de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martin Solans
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC−Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidad
de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad
de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device
Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Nicolas Agrait
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada C-III, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto Universitario de Ciencia
de Materiales “Nicolás Cabrera”, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device
Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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2
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Li Y, Wu W, Wang Y, Huang E, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Guo X, Feng K. Multi-Selenophene Incorporated Thiazole Imide-Based n-Type Polymers for High-Performance Organic Thermoelectrics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316214. [PMID: 37996990 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Developing polymers with high electrical conductivity (σ) after n-doping is a great challenge for the advance of the field of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Herein, we report a series of thiazole imide-based n-type polymers by gradually increasing selenophene content in polymeric backbone. Thanks to the strong intramolecular noncovalent N⋅⋅⋅S interaction and enhanced intermolecular Se⋅⋅⋅Se interaction, with the increase of selenophene content, the polymers show gradually lowered LUMOs, more planar backbone, and improved film crystallinity versus the selenophene-free analogue. Consequently, polymer PDTzSI-Se with the highest selenophene content achieves a champion σ of 164.0 S cm-1 and a power factor of 49.0 μW m-1 K-2 in the series when applied in OTEs after n-doping. The σ value is the highest one for n-type donor-acceptor OTE materials reported to date. Our work indicates that selenophene substitution is a powerful strategy for developing high-performance n-type OTE materials and selenophene incorporated thiazole imides offer an excellent platform in enabling n-type polymers with high backbone coplanarity, deep-lying LUMO and enhanced mobility/conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenchang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Enmin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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3
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Alsaqer M, Daaoub AH, Sangtarash S, Sadeghi H. Large Mechanosensitive Thermoelectric Enhancement in Metallo-Organic Magnetic Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10719-10724. [PMID: 37988562 PMCID: PMC10722535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials are promising candidates for thermoelectric cooling and energy harvesting at room temperature. However, their electrical conductance (G) and Seebeck coefficient (S) need to be improved to make them technologically competitive. Therefore, radically new strategies need to be developed to tune their thermoelectric properties. Here, we demonstrate that G and S can be tuned mechanically in paramagnetic metallocenes, and their thermoelectric properties can be significantly enhanced by the application of mechanical forces. With a 2% junction compression, the full thermoelectric figure of merit is enhanced by more than 200 times. We demonstrate that this is because spin transport resonances in paramagnetic metallocenes are strongly sensitive to the interaction between organic ligands and the metal center, which is not the case in their diamagnetic analogue. These results open a new avenue for the development of organic thermoelectric materials for cooling future quantum computers and generating electricity from low-grade energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Alsaqer
- Device Modelling Group, School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Abdalghani H.S. Daaoub
- Device Modelling Group, School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device Modelling Group, School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device Modelling Group, School
of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
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4
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Park JH, Noh YW, Ha JM, Harit AK, Tripathi A, Lee J, Lee BR, Song MH, Woo HY. Anionic Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as a Semiconducting Additive for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37983071 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite defects are a major hurdle in the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). While various defect passivation materials have been explored, most are insulators that hinder charge transport. This study investigates the potential of two different π-conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), MPS2-TEA and PCPDTBT2-TMA, as semiconducting additives in PSCs. The CPEs differ in electrical conductivity, offering a unique approach to bridge defect mitigation and charge carrier transport. Unlike previous uses of CPEs mainly as interlayers or charge transport layers, we explore their direct effect on defect passivation within a perovskite layer. Secondary ion microscopy reveals the even distribution of CPEs within the perovskite layer and their efficient defect passivation potential is studied through various spectroscopic analyses. Comparing MPS2-TEA and PCPDTBT2-TMA, we find MPS2-TEA to be superior in defect passivation. The highly conductive nature of PCPDTBT2-TMA due to self-doping diminishes its defect passivation ability. The negative sulfonate groups in the side chains of PCPDTBT2-TMA stabilize polarons, reducing defect passivation capability. Finally, the PSCs with MPS2-TEA achieve remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 22.7% for 0.135 cm2 and 20.0% for large-area (1 cm2) cells. Furthermore, the device with MPS2-TEA maintained over 87.3% of initial PCE after 960 h at continuous 1-sun illumination and 89% of PCE after 850 h at 85 °C in a nitrogen glovebox without encapsulation. This highlights CPEs as promising defect passivation additives, unlocking potential for improved efficiency and stability not only in PSCs but also in wider applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Noh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayushi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjae Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wei H, Cheng Z, Wu T, Liu Y, Guo J, Chen PA, Xia J, Xie H, Qiu X, Liu T, Zhang B, Hui J, Zeng Z, Bai Y, Hu Y. Novel Organic Superbase Dopants for Ultraefficient N-Doping of Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300084. [PMID: 36929089 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Doping is a powerful technique for engineering the electrical properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs), yet efficient n-doping of OSCs remains a central challenge. Herein, the discovery of two organic superbase dopants, namely P2-t-Bu and P4-t-Bu as ultra-efficient n-dopants for OSCs is reported. Typical n-type semiconductors such as N2200 and PC61 BM are shown to experience a significant increase of conductivity upon doping by the two dopants. In particular, the optimized electrical conductivity of P2-t-Bu-doped PC61 BM reaches a record-high value of 2.64 S cm-1 . The polaron generation efficiency of P2-t-Bu-doped in PC61 BM is found to be over 35%, which is 2-3 times higher than that of benchmark n-dopant N-DMBI. In addition, a deprotonation-initiated, nucleophilic-attack-based n-doping mechanism is proposed for the organic superbases, which involves the deprotonation of OSC molecules, the nucleophilic attack of the resulting carbanions on the OSC's π-bonds, and the subsequent n-doping through single electron transfer process between the anionized and neutral OSCs. This work highlights organic superbases as promising n-dopants for OSCs and opens up opportunities to explore and develop highly efficient n-dopants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wei
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518063, China
- Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zehong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yu Liu
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jing Guo
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ping-An Chen
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jiangnan Xia
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Haihong Xie
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xincan Qiu
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow University, 688 Moye Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Jingshu Hui
- College of Energy, Soochow University, 688 Moye Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yugang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Base for Advanced Display Technologies of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518063, China
- Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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6
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Jang CH, Kim YI, Harit AK, Ha JM, Park S, Noh YW, Lee AY, Kim KS, Jung JW, Woo HY, Song MH. Multifunctional Conjugated Molecular Additives for Highly Efficient Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210511. [PMID: 36930970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Further optimization of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is impeded by crystal deformation caused by residual stress and defect formation with subsequent non-radiative recombination. Molecular additives for defect passivation are widely studied; however, the majority have insulating properties that hinder charge injection and transport. Herein, highly efficient green-emitting PeLEDs are reported by introducing semiconducting molecular additives (Fl-OEGA and Fl-C8A). Transmission electron microscopy shows that conjugated additives exist primarily at the grain boundaries of perovskite, and Kelvin probe force microscopy confirms that the variation in contact potential difference between grain boundaries and perovskite crystal domains is significantly reduced. The residual tensile stress is reduced by 13% and the activation energy for ion migration increases in the Fl-OEGA-treated perovskite film, compared to those of the film without additives. Compared to insulating 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethylamine (EDEA), the introduction of semiconducting additives prevents a significant reduction in the charge-transport capability. Furthermore, the PeLEDs with Fl-OEGA show a negligible shift in the turn-on voltage and a significantly smaller decrease in the current density with increasing Fl-OEGA compared to the devices with EDEA. Finally, the 3D CsPbBr3 -PeLEDs show the highest external quantum efficiency of 21.3% by the incorporation of semiconducting Fl-OEGA as a new multifunctional additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hyeon Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye In Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejeong Park
- Korea I. T. S, Application Group, Korea I. T. S. Co., Ltd., Seoul, 06373, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Noh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Su Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information & Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woong Jung
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information & Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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7
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An S, Wu Z, Jeong H, Lee J, Jeong SY, Lee W, Kim S, Han JW, Lim J, Cha H, Woo HY, Chung DS. Synergistic Contribution of Oligo(ethylene glycol) and Fluorine Substitution of Conjugated Polymer Photocatalysts toward Solar Driven Sacrificial Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204905. [PMID: 36446633 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To separately explore the importance of hydrophilicity and backbone planarity of polymer photocatalyst, a series of benzothiadiazole-based donor-acceptor alternating copolymers incorporating alkoxy, linear oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chain, and backbone fluorine substituents is presented. The OEG side chains in the polymer backbone increase the surface energy of the polymer nanoparticles, thereby improving the interaction with water and facilitating electron transfer to water. Moreover, the OEG-attached copolymers exhibit enhanced intermolecular packing compared to polymers with alkoxy side chains, which is possibly attributed to the self-assembly properties of the side chains. Fluorine substituents on the polymer backbone produce highly ordered lamellar stacks with distinct π-π stacking features; subsequently, the long-lived polarons toward hydrogen evolution are observed by transient absorption spectroscopy. In addition, a new nanoparticle synthesis strategy using a methanol/water mixed solvent is first adopted, thereby avoiding the screening effect of surfactants between the nanoparticles and water. Finally, hydrogen evolution rate of 26 000 µmol g-1 h-1 is obtained for the copolymer incorporated with both OEG side chains and fluorine substituents under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). This study demonstrates how the glycol side chain strategy can be further optimized for polymer photocatalysts by controlling the backbone planarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeok An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjong Lee
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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8
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Choi W, Kim S, Lee S, Jung C, Tripathi A, Lee Y, Woo HY, Lee H. Unravelling Disorder Effects on Thermoelectric Properties of Semicrystalline Polymers in a Wide Range of Doping Levels. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201145. [PMID: 36440652 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) performance of a specific semicrystalline polymer is studied experimentally only in a limited range of doping levels with molecular doping methods. The doping level is finely controlled via in situ electrochemical doping in a wide range of carrier concentrations with an electrolyte ([PMIM]+ [TFSI]- )-gated organic electrochemical transistor system. Then, the charge generation/transport and TE properties of four p-type semicrystalline polymers are analyzed and their dynamic changes of crystalline morphologies and local density of states (DOS) during electrochemical doping are compared. These polymers are synthesized based on poly[(2,5-bis(2-alkyloxy)phenylene)-alt-(5,6-difluoro-4,7-di(thiophene-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] by varying side chains: With oligoethylene glycol (OEG) substituents, facile p-doping is achieved because of easy penetration of TFSI- ions into the polymer matrix. However, the charge transport is hindered with longer OEG chains length because of the enhanced insulation. Therefore, with the shortest OEG substituents the electrical conductivity (30.1 S cm-1 ) and power factor (2.88 µW m-1 K-2 ) are optimized. It is observed that all polymers exhibit p- to n-type transition in Seebeck coefficients in heavily doped states, which can be achieved by electrochemical doping. These TE behaviors are interpreted based on the relation between the localized DOS band structure and molecular packing structure during electrochemical doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwa Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayushi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
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9
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Wood ND, Gillie LJ, Cooke DJ, Molinari M. A Review of Key Properties of Thermoelectric Composites of Polymers and Inorganic Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8672. [PMID: 36500167 PMCID: PMC9738949 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review focusses on the development of thermoelectric composites made of oxide or conventional inorganic materials, and polymers, with specific emphasis on those containing oxides. Discussion of the current state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials, including the individual constituent materials, i.e., conventional materials, oxides and polymers, is firstly presented to provide the reader with a comparison of the top-performing thermoelectric materials. Then, individual materials used in the inorganic/polymer composites are discussed to provide a comparison of the performance of the composites themselves. Finally, the addition of carbon-based compounds is discussed as a route to improving the thermoelectric performance. For each topic discussed, key thermoelectric properties are tabulated and comparative figures are presented for a wide array of materials.
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10
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Zhou D, Zhang H, Zheng H, Xu Z, Xu H, Guo H, Li P, Tong Y, Hu B, Chen L. Recent Advances and Prospects of Small Molecular Organic Thermoelectric Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200679. [PMID: 35285160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials possess unique energy conversion capabilities between heat and electrical energy. Small organic semiconductors have aroused widespread attention for the fabrication of TE devices due to their advantages of low toxicity, large area, light weight, and easy fabrication. However, the low TE properties hinder their large-scale commercial application. Herein, the basic knowledge about TE materials, including parameters affecting the TE performance and the remaining challenges of the organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials, are initially summarized in detail. Second, the optimization strategies of power factor, including the selection and design of dopants and structural modification of the dope-host are introduced. Third, some achievements of p- and n-type small molecular OTE materials are highlighted to briefly provide their future developing trend; finally, insights on the future development of OTE materials are also provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Hehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Haolan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Zhentian Xu
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Huilong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Peining Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yongfen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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11
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Burton M, Howells G, Atoyo J, Carnie M. Printed Thermoelectrics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108183. [PMID: 35080059 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The looming impact of climate change and the diminishing supply of fossil fuels both highlight the need for a transition to more sustainable energy sources. While solar and wind can produce much of the energy needed, to meet all our energy demands there is a need for a diverse sustainable energy generation mix. Thermoelectrics can play a vital role in this, by harvesting otherwise wasted heat energy and converting it into useful electrical energy. While efficient thermoelectric materials have been known since the 1950s, thermoelectrics have not been utilized beyond a few niche applications. This can in part be attributed to the high cost of manufacturing and the geometrical restraints of current commercial manufacturing techniques. Printing offers a potential route to manufacture thermoelectric materials at a lower price point and allows for the fabrication of generators that are custom built to meet the waste heat source requirements. This review details the significant progress that has been made in recent years in printing of thermoelectric materials in all thermoelectric material groups and printing methods, and highlights very recent publications that show printing can now offer comparable performance to commercially manufactured thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Burton
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Geraint Howells
- M2A, Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Jonathan Atoyo
- M2A, Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Matthew Carnie
- SPECIFIC, Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
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12
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Li Y, Gao CY, Fan XH, Yang LM. Full-Electrochemical Construction of High-Performance Polypyrrole/Tellurium Thermoelectrical Nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10815-10824. [PMID: 35175746 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most attractive inorganics to improve the thermoelectric (TE) performance of the conducting polymers, tellurium (Te) has received intense concern due to its superior Seebeck coefficient (S). However, far less attention has been paid to polypyrrole (PPy)/Te TE composites to date. In this work, we present an innovative full-electrochemical method to architect PPy/Te TE composite films by sequentially depositing Te with large S and PPy with high electrical conductivity (σ). Consequently, the PPy/Te composite films achieved excellent TE performance, with the largest power factor (PF) reaching up to 234.3 ± 4.1 μW m-1 K-2. To the best of our knowledge, this value approaches the reported highest PF record (240.3 ± 5.0 μW m-1 K-2) for PPy-based composites. This suggests that the modified full-electrochemical method is a feasible and effective strategy for achieving high-performance TE composite films, which would probably provide a general guideline for the design and preparation of excellent TE materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Yan Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Heng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Ming Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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13
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Hurtado-Gallego J, Sangtarash S, Davidson R, Rincón-García L, Daaoub A, Rubio-Bollinger G, Lambert CJ, Oganesyan VS, Bryce MR, Agraït N, Sadeghi H. Thermoelectric Enhancement in Single Organic Radical Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:948-953. [PMID: 35073099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic thermoelectric materials have potential for wearable heating, cooling, and energy generation devices at room temperature. For this to be technologically viable, high-conductance (G) and high-Seebeck-coefficient (S) materials are needed. For most semiconductors, the increase in S is accompanied by a decrease in G. Here, using a combined experimental and theoretical investigation, we demonstrate that a simultaneous enhancement of S and G can be achieved in single organic radical molecules, thanks to their intrinsic spin state. A counterintuitive quantum interference (QI) effect is also observed in stable Blatter radical molecules, where constructive QI occurs for a meta-connected radical, leading to further enhancement of thermoelectric properties. Compared to an analogous closed-shell molecule, the power factor is enhanced by more than 1 order of magnitude in radicals. These results open a new avenue for the development of organic thermoelectric materials operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hurtado-Gallego
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Rincón-García
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Abdalghani Daaoub
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Gabino Rubio-Bollinger
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto Universitatio de Ciencia de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera" (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Vasily S Oganesyan
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolás Agraït
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto Universitatio de Ciencia de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera" (INC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia IMDEA-Nanociencia, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
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14
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Bark H, Kim S, Lee W, Lee PS, Lee H. Continuous Tuning of the Fermi Level in Disorder-Engineered Amorphous Films of Li-Doped ZnO for Thermoelectric Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55029-55039. [PMID: 34756007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous metal-oxide semiconductors can be readily prepared by a solution process at low temperatures, and their energy band structures and carrier concentrations can be controlled based on the oxide composition or the addition of dopants in the design of thermoelectric (TE) materials. However, research on the correlation between the charge transport and TE performance of amorphous metal-oxide semiconductors is still in its infancy. Herein, we present the energy-dependent TE performance characteristics of Li-doped ZnO thin films with different doping levels and charge carrier concentrations. Thin films were prepared by the solution process, and the Li doping level was controlled by the Li precursor concentration added to a Zn precursor solution. Subsequently, a field-effect-modulated Seebeck coefficient measurement device was built to study the energy-dependent TE performance. Notably, the higher ratio of interstitial Li (Liinter) and oxygen vacancies (Ova) in the Li-ZnO device indicates an improved n-type TE performance. To investigate more thoroughly the charge transport phenomena, the localized density of states (DOS) was derived from the temperature-dependent transfer curve; the higher ratio of interstitial Li (Liinter) and oxygen vacancy (Ova) induces a reduction in the localized DOS and lowers the degree of disorder in their DOS. The determined energy-dependent TE characteristics can be used as guidance for the design of efficient TE devices with amorphous metal-oxide semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Bark
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02707 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02707 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, 05006 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02707 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Zeng M, Zavanelli D, Chen J, Saeidi-Javash M, Du Y, LeBlanc S, Snyder GJ, Zhang Y. Printing thermoelectric inks toward next-generation energy and thermal devices. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:485-512. [PMID: 34761784 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of thermoelectric (TE) materials to convert thermal energy to electricity and vice versa highlights them as a promising candidate for sustainable energy applications. Despite considerable increases in the figure of merit zT of thermoelectric materials in the past two decades, there is still a prominent need to develop scalable synthesis and flexible manufacturing processes to convert high-efficiency materials into high-performance devices. Scalable printing techniques provide a versatile solution to not only fabricate both inorganic and organic TE materials with fine control over the compositions and microstructures, but also manufacture thermoelectric devices with optimized geometric and structural designs that lead to improved efficiency and system-level performances. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive framework of printing thermoelectric materials and devices by including recent breakthroughs and relevant discussions on TE materials chemistry, ink formulation, flexible or conformable device design, and processing strategies, with an emphasis on additive manufacturing techniques. In addition, we review recent innovations in the flexible, conformal, and stretchable device architectures and highlight state-of-the-art applications of these TE devices in energy harvesting and thermal management. Perspectives of emerging research opportunities and future directions are also discussed. While this review centers on thermoelectrics, the fundamental ink chemistry and printing processes possess the potential for applications to a broad range of energy, thermal and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiang Zeng
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Duncan Zavanelli
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Mortaza Saeidi-Javash
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Yipu Du
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Saniya LeBlanc
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, 801 22nd St. NW, Suite 739, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - G Jeffrey Snyder
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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16
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Li M, Zeng F, Luo M, Qing X, Wang W, Lu Y, Zhong W, Yang L, Liu Q, Wang Y, Luo J, Wang D. Synergistically Improving Flexibility and Thermoelectric Performance of Composite Yarn by Continuous Ultrathin PEDOT:PSS/DMSO/Ionic Liquid Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50430-50440. [PMID: 34648266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combining fabrics with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) coating is the most promising method to fabricate wearable thermoelectric (TE) devices. However, the high modulus, low strain, and low TE performance of PEDOT:PSS coating lead to poor flexibility and low power generation efficiency. In this study, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ionic liquids (ILs) were selected as a modifier to enhance the flexibility and TE performance of PEDOT:PSS. Different from the penetrating structure and coil conformation of pristine PEDOT:PSS coating, a flexible continuous ultrathin layer of PEDOT:PSS/DMSO/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (P/D/ED) with a linear conformation forms on the surface of cotton yarn. The morphology and structure of PEDOT:PSS and P/D/ED coating were characterized by FESEM, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Compared with the pristine PEDOT:PSS film, the P/D/ED film shows significantly reduced modules and enhanced strain and bending stability. Moreover, the TE performance of P/D/ED-coated yarn is significantly enhanced with nearly half mass loading. Based on this, a large-area wearable TE fabric with enhanced flexibility and TE performance was prepared. The output power density is 136.1 mW/m2 at ΔT = 40.8 K, which is a typically high value compared with the former reported composite TE fabrics. This study provides a new way to synergistically enhance the flexibility and TE performance of composite yarn, and the prepared TE fabric has great potential as a wearable power source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Fanjia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Mengying Luo
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xing Qing
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Weibing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Qiongzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yuedan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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17
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Kim MJ, Ryu HS, Choi YY, Ho DH, Lee Y, Tripathi A, Son JH, Lee Y, Kim S, Kang MS, Woo HY, Cho JH. Completely foldable electronics based on homojunction polymer transistors and logics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/34/eabg8169. [PMID: 34407946 PMCID: PMC8373125 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the demand for completely foldable electronics has motivated efforts for the development of conducting polymer electrodes having extraordinary mechanical stability. However, weak physical adhesion at intrinsic heterojunctions has been a challenge in foldable electronics. This paper reports the completely foldable polymer thin-film transistors (PTFTs) and logic gate arrays. Homojunction-based PTFTs were fabricated by selectively doping p-type diketopyrrolopyrrole-based semiconducting polymer films with FeCl3 to form source/drain electrodes. The doping process caused a gradual work function change with depth, which promoted charge injection to semiconducting regions and provided a low contact resistance. In addition, the interfacial adhesion in the PTFTs was improved by interfacial cross-linking between adjacent component layers. The electrical performance of the resulting PTFTs was maintained without noticeable degradation even after extreme folding, suggesting that the proposed fabrication strategy can further be applied to various semiconducting polymers for the realization of foldable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Je Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hae Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayushi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Son
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Khoso NA, Jiao X, GuangYu X, Tian S, Wang J. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of graphene based nanocomposite coated self-powered wearable e-textiles for energy harvesting from human body heat. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16675-16687. [PMID: 35479176 PMCID: PMC9032048 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for highly flexible and self-powered wearable textile devices has increased in recent years. Graphene coated textile-based wearable devices have been used for energy harvesting and storage due to their outstanding mechanical, electrical and electronic properties. However, the use of metal based nanocomposites is limited in textiles, due to their poor bending, fixation, and binding on textiles. We present here reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an n-type and conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a p-type material for a wearable thermoelectric nanogenerator (TEG) using a (pad–dry–cure) technique. We developed a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated textile-based wearable TEG for energy harvesting from low-grade human body heat. The conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) and (rGO) nanocomposite were coated using a layer by layer approach. The resultant fabric showed higher weight pickup of 60–80%. The developed textile based TEG device showed an enhanced Seebeck coefficient of (25–150 μV K−1), and a power factor of (2.5–60 μW m−1 K−1). The developed TE device showed a higher potential to convert the low-grade body heat into electrical energy, between the human body temperature of (36.5 °C) and an external environment of (20.0 ± 5 °C) with a temperature difference of (2.5–16.5 °C). The wearable textile-based TEG is capable of producing an open circuit output voltage of 12.5–119.5 mV at an ambient fixed temperature of (20 °C). The rGO coated textile fabric also showed reduced electrical sheet resistance by increasing the number of dyeing cycles (10) and increased with the number of (20) washing cycles. The developed reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated electrodes showed a sheet resistance of 185–45 kΩ and (15 kΩ) for PEDOT:PSS–rGO nanocomposites respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical performance of the as coated textile fabric was enhanced from (20–80 mPa) with increasing number of padding cycles. The thermoelectric performance was significantly improved, without influencing the breath-ability and comfort properties of the resultant fabric. This study presents a promising approach for the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS/rGO nano-hybrids for textile-based wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) for energy harvesting from low-grade body heat. Experimental process diagram for the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS–rGO based electronic textiles on a mass scale.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazakat Ali Khoso
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang PR China
| | - Xie Jiao
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang PR China
| | - Xu GuangYu
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang PR China
| | - Sun Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy Sciences (CAS) Shanghai PR China
| | - JiaJun Wang
- School of Art and Design, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang PR China
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19
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Jeong HJ, Jang H, Kim T, Earmme T, Kim FS. Sigmoidal Dependence of Electrical Conductivity of Thin PEDOT:PSS Films on Concentration of Linear Glycols as a Processing Additive. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1975. [PMID: 33920927 PMCID: PMC8071320 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the sigmoidal concentration dependence of electrical conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) processed with linear glycol-based additives such as ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), hexaethylene glycol (HEG), and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME). We observe that a sharp transition of conductivity occurs at the additive concentration of ~0.6 wt.%. EG, DEG, and TEG are effective in conductivity enhancement, showing the saturation conductivities of 271.8, 325.4, and 326.2 S/cm, respectively. Optical transmittance and photoelectron spectroscopic features are rather invariant when the glycols are used as an additive. Two different figures of merit, calculated from both sheet resistance and optical transmittance to describe the performance of the transparent electrodes, indicate that both DEG and TEG are two most effective additives among the series in fabrication of transparent electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS films with a thickness of ~50-60 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok Jo Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Hong Jang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Taemin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Taeshik Earmme
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea
| | - Felix Sunjoo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (H.J.J.); (H.J.); (T.K.)
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20
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Kluge RM, Saxena N, Müller-Buschbaum P. A Solution‐Processable Polymer‐Based Thin‐Film Thermoelectric Generator. ADVANCED ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aesr.202000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina M. Kluge
- Physik Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Nitin Saxena
- Physik Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik Department Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum Lichtenbergstr. 1 85748 Garching Germany
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21
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Amirabad R, Ramazani Saadatabadi A, Siadati MH. Preparation of polyaniline/graphene coated wearable thermoelectric fabric using ultrasonic-assisted dip-coating method. MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2020; 9:21. [DOI: 10.1007/s40243-020-00181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of thermoelectric fabrics for powering wearable devices is expected to become widespread soon. A thermoelectric fabric was prepared by coating nanocomposite of polyaniline/graphene nanosheets (PANI/GNS) on a fabric. Four samples of the fabric containing different wt% of GNS (0.5, 2.5, 5, and 10) were prepared. To characterize the samples, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (AT-FTIR) spectra, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements were used. The electrical conductivity increased from 0.0188 to 0.277 S cm−1 (from 0.5 to 10 wt% of the GNS in PANI/GNS nanocomposite). The maximum coefficient of Seebeck was 18 µV K−1 with 2.5 wt% GNS at 338 °C. The power factor improvement was from 2.047 to 3.084 μW m−1 K−2 (0.5–2.5 wt% GNS).
Graphic abstract
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22
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Cho SJ, Kim MJ, Wu Z, Son JH, Jeong SY, Lee S, Cho JH, Woo HY. A-D-A Type Semiconducting Small Molecules with Bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene Substituents and Control of Charge Polarity for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41842-41851. [PMID: 32819095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesize four different kinds of bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene-substituted 4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IDT)-based acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type small molecules (IDSIC, IDSIC-4F, IDSIC-4Cl, and IDSTIC) by incorporating electron-withdrawing halogen atoms or electron-releasing thiophene spacers. Herein, enhanced structural planarity and crystalline intermolecular packing are induced by the sp2-hybridized C═C double bond side chains and sulfur-sulfur chalcogen interactions. The fine control of intramolecular charge transfer modulates the electrochemical characteristics and the resulting carrier polarity in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Well-balanced ambipolar, n-dominant, and p-dominant charge transport properties are successfully demonstrated in OFETs by modulating the electron-donating or withdrawing strength based on the A-D-A structural motif, resulting in hole/electron mobilities of 0.599/0.553, 0.003/0.019, 0.092/0.897, and 0.683/0.103 cm2/V·s for IDSIC, IDSIC-4F, IDSIC-4Cl, and IDSTIC respectively, after thermal annealing at 200 °C. Thermal annealing of the as-cast films improves the intermolecular packing in an edge-on fashion, which is investigated in detail by grazing incidence X-ray scattering. Finally, complementary logic circuits, i.e., NOT, NAND, and NOR, are fabricated by assembling p-dominant IDSTIC and n-dominant IDSIC-4Cl OFETs. Therefore, a simple and efficient molecular design strategy for fine tuning the charge polarity and charge transport properties of OFET devices is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Joon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Je Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Son
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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23
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Tripathi A, Ko Y, Kim M, Lee Y, Lee S, Park J, Kwon YW, Kwak J, Woo HY. Optimization of Thermoelectric Properties of Polymers by Incorporating Oligoethylene Glycol Side Chains and Sequential Solution Doping with Preannealing Treatment. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Ko
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonyong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wan Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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