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Ahn SY, Yu C, Song YS. Cellulose Nanocrystal Embedded Composite Foam and Its Carbonization for Energy Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3454. [PMID: 37631511 PMCID: PMC10459487 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-embedded aerogel-like chitosan foam and carbonized the 3D foam for electrical energy harvesting. The nanocrystal-supported cellulose foam can demonstrate a high surface area and porosity, homogeneous size ranging from various microscales, and a high quality of absorbing external additives. In order to prepare CNC, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was chemically treated with sulfuric acid. The CNC incorporates into chitosan, enhancing mechanical properties, crystallization, and generation of the aerogel-like porous structure. The weight percentage of the CNC was 2 wt% in the chitosan composite. The CNC/chitosan foam is produced using the freeze-drying method, and the CNC-embedded CNC/chitosan foam has been carbonized. We found that the degree of crystallization of carbon structure increased, including the CNCs. Both CNC and chitosan are degradable materials when CNC includes chitosan, which can form a high surface area with some typical surface-related morphology. The electrical cyclic voltammetric result shows that the vertical composite specimen had superior electrochemical properties compared to the horizontal composite specimen. In addition, the BET measurement indicated that the CNC/chitosan foam possessed a high porosity, especially mesopores with layer structures. At the same time, the carbonized CNC led to a significant increase in the portion of micropore.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Ahn
- Department of Fiber Convergence Materials Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon-dong, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chengbin Yu
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Song
- Department of Fiber Convergence Materials Engineering, Dankook University, Jukjeon-dong, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea;
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Hui S, Ji R, Zhang H, Huang C, Xu F, Sun L, Xia Y, Lin X, Ma L, Peng H, Li B, Wang Y, Yan E, Huang P. N-Octadecane Encapsulated by Assembled BN/GO Aerogels for Highly Improved Thermal Conductivity and Energy Storage Capacity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2317. [PMID: 37630901 PMCID: PMC10458774 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of industry has emphasized the importance of phase change materials (PCMs) with a high latent-heat storage capacity and good thermal stability in promoting sustainable energy solutions. However, the inherent low thermal conductivity and poor thermal-cycling stability of PCMs limit their application. In this study, we constructed three-dimensional (3D) hybrid graphene aerogels (GBA) based on synergistic assembly and cross-linking between GO and modified hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Highly thermally conductive GBA was utilized as the supporting optimal matrix for encapsulating OD, and further implied that composite matrix n-octadecane (OD)/GBA composite PCMs were further prepared by encapsulating OD within the GBA structure. Due to the highly thermally conductive network of GBA, the latent heat of the composite PCMs improved to 208.3 J/g, with negligible changes after 100 thermal cycles. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the composite PCMs was significantly enhanced to 1.444 W/(m·k), increasing by 738% compared to OD. These results sufficiently confirmed that the novel GBA with a well-defined porous structure served as PCMs with excellent comprehensive performance offer great potential for thermal energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Hui
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
| | - Rong Ji
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
| | - Huanzhi Zhang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chaowei Huang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
| | - Fen Xu
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lixian Sun
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yongpeng Xia
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiangcheng Lin
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hongliang Peng
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Erhu Yan
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Pengru Huang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.H.); (R.J.); (C.H.); (F.X.); (Y.X.); (X.L.); (L.M.); (H.P.); (B.L.); (E.Y.); (P.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Modified Supporting Materials to Fabricate Form Stable Phase Change Material with High Thermal Energy Storage. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031309. [PMID: 36770976 PMCID: PMC9919233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal energy storage (TES) is vital to the absorption and release of plenty of external heat for various applications. For such storage, phase change material (PCM) has been considered as a sustainable energy material that can be integrated into a power generator. However, pure PCM has a leakage problem during the phase transition process, and we should fabricate a form stable PCM composite using some supporting materials. To prevent the leakage problem during the phase transition process, two different methods, microencapsulation and 3D porous infiltration, were used to fabricate PCM composites in this work. It was found that both microsphere and 3D porous aerogel supported PCM composites maintained their initial solid state without any leakage during the melting process. Compared with the microencapsulated PCM composite, the 3D porous aerogel supported PCM exhibited a relatively high weight fraction of working material due to its high porosity. In addition, the cross-linked graphene aerogel (GCA) could reduce volume shrinkage effectively during the infiltration process, and the GCA supported PCM composite kept a high latent heat (∆H) and form stability.
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Characterization of Phase Change Materials Fabricated with Cross-Linked Graphene Aerogels. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090572. [PMID: 36135284 PMCID: PMC9498822 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3D porous graphene aerogel exhibits a high surface area which can hold plenty of pure phase change material (PCM) into the internal space. In order to maintain the flexibility of PCM without volume shrinkage under the external force, cross-linked graphene aerogel was prepared by the cysteamine vapor method. The cross-linked graphene aerogel had a high stress–strain durability and chemical stability for infiltrating PCM to produce a form-stable PCM composite. The latent heat of PCM is one of the elements to estimate the capacity of PCM thermal energy storage (TES) during the phase transition process. The cross-linked graphene aerogel-supported PCM composite showed a great TES to be utilized in thermal-to-electrical energy harvesting. The cross-linked graphene aerogel also had an excellent mechanical property of preventing damage at a high temperature.
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Phase Change Material (PCM) Composite Supported by 3D Cross-Linked Porous Graphene Aerogel. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134541. [PMID: 35806671 PMCID: PMC9267793 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Integration of form-stable phase change material (PCM) composites with a pyro system can provide sufficient electrical energy during the light-on/off process. In this work, modified 3D porous graphene aerogel is utilized as a reliable supporting material to effectively reduce volume shrinkage during the infiltration process. Poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) is used for a transparent pyro film in the pyro system. The temperature fluctuation gives rise to a noise effect that restricts the generation of energy harvesting. The cross-linked graphene aerogel consisting of PCM composites can stabilize the temperature fluctuation in both melting and cooling processes. This shows that PCM composites can be applied to the pyro system under the change of the external environment. To evaluate the experimental results, a numerical simulation was conducted by using the finite element method (FEM).
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