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Li W, Gao M, Xue W, Li X, Chang Y, Zhang K, Wen C, Zhang M. Palmitic acid reduces the methylation of the FOXO1 promoter to suppress the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via modulating the miR-429/DNMT3A axis. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:554-567. [PMID: 38906602 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by significant treatment resistance. Palmitic acid (PA) has shown promising antitumor properties. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which PA influences DLBCL progression. We quantified the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs), Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), and DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) in both untreated and PA-treated DLBCL tumors and cell lines. Assessments were made of cell viability, apoptosis, and autophagy-related protein expression following PA administration. Interaction analyses among miR-429, DNMT3A, and FOXO1 were conducted using luciferase reporter assays and methylation-specific (MSP) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After transfecting the miR-429 inhibitor, negative control (NC) inhibitor, shRNA against DNMT3A (sh-DNMT3A), shRNA negative control (sh-NC), overexpression vector for DNMT3A (oe-DNMT3A), or overexpression negative control (oe-NC), we evaluated the effects of miR-429 and DNMT3A on cell viability, mortality, and autophagy-related protein expression in PA-treated DLBCL cell lines. The efficacy of PA was also tested in vivo using DLBCL tumor-bearing mouse models. MiR-429 and FOXO1 expression levels were downregulated, whereas DNMT3A was upregulated in DLBCL compared to the control group. PA treatment was associated with enhanced autophagy, mediated by the upregulation of miR-429 and downregulation of DNMT3A. The luciferase reporter assay and MSP confirmed that miR-429 directly inhibits DNMT3A, thereby reducing FOXO1 methylation. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that PA promotes autophagy and inhibits DLBCL progression by upregulating miR-429 and modulating the DNMT3A/FOXO1 axis. In vivo PA significantly reduced the growth of xenografted tumors through its regulatory impact on the miR-429/DNMT3A/FOXO1 axis. Palmitic acid may modulate autophagy and inhibit DLBCL progression by targeting the miR-429/DNMT3A/FOXO1 signaling pathway, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for DLBCL management.
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MESH Headings
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Humans
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/metabolism
- Animals
- DNA Methyltransferase 3A
- Mice
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation/drug effects
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Mice, Nude
- Male
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Female
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Li
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Weili Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chenyu Wen
- Department of Oncology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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2
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Gambari R, Finotti A. Therapeutic Relevance of Inducing Autophagy in β-Thalassemia. Cells 2024; 13:918. [PMID: 38891049 PMCID: PMC11171814 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The β-thalassemias are inherited genetic disorders affecting the hematopoietic system. In β-thalassemias, more than 350 mutations of the adult β-globin gene cause the low or absent production of adult hemoglobin (HbA). A clinical parameter affecting the physiology of erythroid cells is the excess of free α-globin. Possible experimental strategies for a reduction in excess free α-globin chains in β-thalassemia are CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing of the β-globin gene, forcing "de novo" HbA production and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction. In addition, a reduction in excess free α-globin chains in β-thalassemia can be achieved by induction of the autophagic process. This process is regulated by the Unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1) gene. The interplay with the PI3K/Akt/TOR pathway, with the activity of the α-globin stabilizing protein (AHSP) and the involvement of microRNAs in autophagy and Ulk1 gene expression, is presented and discussed in the context of identifying novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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3
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Restoration of epigenetic impairment in the skeletal muscle and chronic inflammation resolution as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102267. [PMID: 38462046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, accompanied by severe adverse health outcomes, such as falls and fractures, functional decline, high health costs, and mortality. Hence, its prevention and treatment have become increasingly urgent. However, despite the wide prevalence and extensive research on sarcopenia, no FDA-approved disease-modifying drugs exist. This is probably due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology. Recent evidence demonstrate that sarcopenia development is characterized by two key elements: (i) epigenetic dysregulation of multiple molecular pathways associated with sarcopenia pathogenesis, such as protein remodeling, insulin resistance, mitochondria impairments, and (ii) the creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulators that have been implicated in skeletal muscle deterioration, their individual roles, and possible crosstalk. We also discuss epidrugs, which are the pharmaceuticals with the potential to restore the epigenetic mechanisms deregulated in sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying failed SCLGI resolution in sarcopenia and the potential application of pro-resolving molecules, comprising specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and their stable mimetics and receptor agonists. These compounds, as well as epidrugs, reveal beneficial effects in preclinical studies related to sarcopenia. Based on these encouraging observations, we propose the combination of epidrugs with SCLI-resolving agents as a new therapeutic approach for sarcopenia that can effectively attenuate of its manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
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4
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Rashid S, Dimitriadi M. Autophagy in spinal muscular atrophy: from pathogenic mechanisms to therapeutic approaches. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1307636. [PMID: 38259504 PMCID: PMC10801191 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1307636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating neuromuscular disorder caused by the depletion of the ubiquitously expressed survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. While the genetic cause of SMA has been well documented, the exact mechanism(s) by which SMN depletion results in disease progression remain elusive. A wide body of evidence has highlighted the involvement and dysregulation of autophagy in SMA. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation process which is necessary for cellular homeostasis; defects in the autophagic machinery have been linked with a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The pathway is particularly known to prevent neurodegeneration and has been suggested to act as a neuroprotective factor, thus presenting an attractive target for novel therapies for SMA patients. In this review, (a) we provide for the first time a comprehensive summary of the perturbations in the autophagic networks that characterize SMA development, (b) highlight the autophagic regulators which may play a key role in SMA pathogenesis and (c) propose decreased autophagic flux as the causative agent underlying the autophagic dysregulation observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Dimitriadi
- School of Life and Medical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
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5
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Zhu H, Liang H, Gao Z, Zhang X, He Q, He C, Cai C, Chen J. MiR-483-5p downregulation alleviates ox-LDL induced endothelial cell injury in atherosclerosis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:521. [PMID: 37891465 PMCID: PMC10612234 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of the abnormal expression of microRNA (miR-483-5p) in patients with atherosclerosis (AS), its role in vascular endothelial cell injury was explored. And the mechanisms related to autophagy were also elucidated. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were given 100 mg/L ox-LDL to induce endothelial injury. Cell transfection was done to regulate miR-483-5p levels. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected. qRT-PCR was employed for the mRNA levels' detection. RESULTS Autophagic flux impairment of HUVECs was detected after ox-LDL treatment, along with the upregulation of miR-483-5p. Ox-LDL inhibited cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis, but these influences were changed by miR-483-5p downregulation. MiR-483-5p downregulation decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. 3-MA, the autophagy inhibitor, reversed the beneficial role of miR-483-5p downregulation in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs' injury. TIMP2 acts as a target gene of miR-483-5p, and was downregulated in HUVEC models. CONCLUSION MiR-483-5p downregulation alleviated ox-LDL-induced endothelial injury via activating autophagy, this might be related to TIMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 32 Renminnan Road, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 32 Renminnan Road, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Chaoyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 32 Renminnan Road, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 32 Renminnan Road, Shiyan, 442000, China.
| | - Jiajuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 32 Renminnan Road, Shiyan, 442000, China.
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6
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Zhang Y, Lv X, Chen F, Fan Q, Liu Y, Wan Z, Nibaruta J, Lv J, Han X, Wu L, Wang H, Leng Y. Role of microRNAs in programmed cell death in renal diseases: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33453. [PMID: 37058073 PMCID: PMC10101263 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression involving kidney morphogenesis and cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, invasion, immune evasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Programmed cell death (PCD) is mediated and regulated by specific genes and a wealth of miRNAs, which participate in various pathological processes. Dysregulation of miRNAs can disrupt renal development and induce the onset and progression of various renal diseases. An in-depth understanding of how miRNAs regulate renal development and diseases is indispensable to comprehending how they can be used in new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, the mechanisms are still insufficiently investigated. Hence, we review the current roles of miRNA-related signaling pathways and recent advances in PCD research and aim to display the potential crosstalk between miRNAs and PCD. The prospects of miRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets are also described, which might provide some novel ideas for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, GanSu Province, China
| | - Xinghua Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, GanSu Province, China
| | - Qian Fan
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Nankai Eye Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, GanSu Province, China
| | - Zhanhai Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, GanSu Province, China
| | - Janvier Nibaruta
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, GanSu Province, China
| | - Jipeng Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, GanSu Province, China
| | - Xuena Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, GanSu Province, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yufang Leng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, GanSu Province, China
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7
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Koustas E, Trifylli EM, Sarantis P, Papadopoulos N, Papanikolopoulos K, Aloizos G, Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Garmpi A, Matthaios D, Karamouzis MV. An Insight into the Arising Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Future Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087168. [PMID: 37108330 PMCID: PMC10138911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a frequent highly malignant form of primary liver cancer and is the third cause of death attributable to malignancy. Despite the improvement in the therapeutic strategies with the exploration of novel pharmacological agents, the survival rate for HCC is still low. Shedding light on the multiplex genetic and epigenetic background of HCC, such as on the emerging role of microRNAs, is considered quite promising for the diagnosis and the prediction of this malignancy, as well as for combatting drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute small noncoding RNA sequences, which play a key role in the regulation of several signaling and metabolic pathways, as well as of pivotal cellular functions such as autophagy, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. It is also demonstrated that miRNAs are significantly implicated in carcinogenesis, either acting as tumor suppressors or oncomiRs, while aberrations in their expression levels are closely associated with tumor growth and progression, as well as with local invasion and metastatic dissemination. The arising role of miRNAs in HCC is in the spotlight of the current scientific research, aiming at the development of novel therapeutic perspectives. In this review, we will shed light on the emerging role of miRNAs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Myrto Trifylli
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, 401 General Army Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Aloizos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, 417 Army Equity Fund Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- 'N.S. Christeas' Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Renal Transplantation Unit, 'Laiko' General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, 'Laiko' General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Garmpi
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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MicroRNA: Crucial modulator in purinergic signalling involved diseases. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:329-341. [PMID: 35106737 PMCID: PMC9984628 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both microRNAs (miRNAs) and purinergic signalling are widely and respectively expressed in various tissues of different organisms and play vital roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we reviewed the current publications contributed to the relationship of miRNAs and purinergic signalling in cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, neurological diseases, and ophthalmic diseases. We tried to decode the miRNAs-purinergic signalling network of purinergic signalling involved diseases. The evidence indicated that more than 30 miRNAs (miR-22, miR-30, miR-146, miR-150, miR-155, miR-187, etc.) directly or indirectly modulate P1 receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3), P2 receptors (P2X1, P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y2, P2Y6, P2Y12), and ecto-enzymes (CD39, CD73, ADA2); P2X7 and CD73 could be modulated by multiple miRNAs (P2X7: miR-21, miR-22, miR-30, miR-135a, miR-150, miR-186, miR-187, miR-216b; CD73: miR-141, miR-101, miR-193b, miR-340, miR-187, miR-30, miR-422a); miR-187 would be the common miRNA to modulate P2X7 and CD73.
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The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs and Autophagy Mechanism in Pancreatic Cancer Progression: Future Therapeutic Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101868. [PMID: 36292753 PMCID: PMC9602304 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer constitutes the fourth most frequent cause of death due to malignancy in the US. Despite the new therapeutic modalities, the management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is considered a difficult task for clinicians due to the fact that is usually diagnosed in already advanced stages and it is relatively resistant to the current chemotherapeutic agents. The molecular background analysis of pancreatic malignant tumors, which includes various epigenetic and genetic alterations, opens new horizons for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The interplay between miRNAs, autophagy pathway, and pancreatic carcinogenesis is in the spotlight of the current research. There is strong evidence that miRNAs take part in carcinogenesis either as tumor inhibitors that combat the oncogene expression or as promoters (oncomiRs) by acting as oncogenes by interfering with various cell functions such as proliferation, programmed cell death, and metabolic and signaling pathways. Deregulation of the expression levels of various miRNAs is closely associated with tumor growth, progression, and dissemination, as well as low sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Similarly, autophagy despite constituting a pivotal homeostatic mechanism for cell survival has a binary role in PDAC, either as an inhibitor or promoter of carcinogenesis. The emerging role of miRNAs in autophagy gets a great deal of attention as it opens new opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the management of this aggressive and chemoresistant malignancy. In this review, we will shed light on the interplay between miRNAs and the autophagy mechanism for pancreatic cancer development and progression.
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miR-99a-5p: A Potential New Therapy for Atherosclerosis by Targeting mTOR and Then Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Promoting Macrophage Autophagy. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7172583. [PMID: 35968506 PMCID: PMC9374553 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7172583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs have been revealed to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The present study is aimed at exploring the potential of miR-99a-5p as a therapy for atherosclerosis. We suspected that miR-99a-5p might inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promote macrophage autophagy via constraining mTOR, therefore, alleviating atherosclerosis. Methods The cell viability in ox-LDL-induced THP-1 macrophages was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict the target genes of miR-99a-5p. The binding between miR-99a-5p and mTOR was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. In vivo, a high-fat-diet-induced atherosclerosis model was established in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Hematoxylin-eosin, oil red O, and Sirius red staining were performed for the determination of atherosclerotic lesions. MTOR and associated protein levels were detected by Western blot analysis. Results miR-99a-5p inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoted macrophage autophagy by targeting mTOR. Enforced miR-99a-5p significantly reduced the levels of inflammasome complex and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, miR-99a-5p overexpression inhibited the expression of mTOR, whereas mTOR overexpression reversed the trend of the above behaviors. In vivo, the specific overexpression of miR-99a-5p significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions, accompanied by a significant downregulation of autophagy marker CD68 protein expression. Conclusion We demonstrated for the first time that miR-99a-5p may be considered a therapy for atherosclerosis. The present study has revealed that miR-99a-5p might inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promote macrophage autophagy by targeting mTOR, therefore, alleviating atherosclerosis.
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11
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Rahman MA, Ahmed KR, Rahman MDH, Park MN, Kim B. Potential Therapeutic Action of Autophagy in Gastric Cancer Managements: Novel Treatment Strategies and Pharmacological Interventions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:813703. [PMID: 35153766 PMCID: PMC8834883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.813703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), second most leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally, is the cancer of gastrointestinal tract in which malignant cells form in lining of the stomach, resulting in indigestion, pain, and stomach discomfort. Autophagy is an intracellular system in which misfolded, aggregated, and damaged proteins, as well as organelles, are degraded by the lysosomal pathway, and avoiding abnormal accumulation of huge quantities of harmful cellular constituents. However, the exact molecular mechanism of autophagy-mediated GC management has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we emphasized the role of autophagy in the modulation and development of GC transformation in addition to underlying the molecular mechanisms of autophagy-mediated regulation of GC. Accumulating evidences have revealed that targeting autophagy by small molecule activators or inhibitors has become one of the greatest auspicious approaches for GC managements. Particularly, it has been verified that phytochemicals play an important role in treatment as well as prevention of GC. However, use of combination therapies of autophagy modulators in order to overcome the drug resistance through GC treatment will provide novel opportunities to develop promising GC therapeutic approaches. In addition, investigations of the pathophysiological mechanism of GC with potential challenges are urgently needed, as well as limitations of the modulation of autophagy-mediated therapeutic strategies. Therefore, in this review, we would like to deliver an existing standard molecular treatment strategy focusing on the relationship between chemotherapeutic drugs and autophagy, which will help to improve the current treatments of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Global Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Bangladesh
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Intra-Articular Drug Delivery for Osteoarthritis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122166. [PMID: 34959445 PMCID: PMC8703898 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, clinical nonsurgical treatments of OA are only limited to pain relief, anti-inflammation, and viscosupplementation. Developing disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) is highly demanded for the efficient treatment of OA. As OA is a local disease, intra-articular (IA) injection directly delivers drugs to synovial joints, resulting in high-concentration drugs in the joint and reduced side effects, accompanied with traditional oral or topical administrations. However, the injected drugs are rapidly cleaved. By properly designing the drug delivery systems, prolonged retention time and targeting could be obtained. In this review, we summarize the drugs investigated for OA treatment and recent advances in the IA drug delivery systems, including micro- and nano-particles, liposomes, and hydrogels, hoping to provide some information for designing the IA injected formulations.
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Impact of epigenetics on human health and possible tool for remediation. THE NUCLEUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-021-00379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
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