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Yin L, Wang XJ, Chen DX, Liu XN, Wang XJ. Humanized mouse model: a review on preclinical applications for cancer immunotherapy. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4568-4584. [PMID: 33415020 PMCID: PMC7783739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the refractory and partial sensitive treatments to malignant cancers, immunotherapy has increasingly become a hotspot in effective anti-tumor research. However, at present, existing animal models could not accurately describe the interaction between human tissue and tumor cells for preclinical trials. Furthermore, it is a tough obstacle to reconstitute the immune system and microenvironment in a mouse model identical to humans due to species differences. In the establishment of the humanized mouse model, the co-transplantation of human immunocytes with/without tissues and tumor cells is the key breakthrough to solve this problem. The compelling progress has been investigated in the preclinical drug test for diverse tumor types. This review mainly summarized the development of immunodeficient mice, and the construction and practicability of the humanized mouse model. Furthermore, the investigators also highlight the pros and cons, and recent progress in immunotherapy research for advanced utility of human cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xue-Jing Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - De-Xi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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Martin Gonzalez J, Baudet A, Abelechian S, Bonderup K, d'Altri T, Porse B, Brakebusch C, Juliusson G, Cammenga J. A new genetic tool to improve immune-compromised mouse models: Derivation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of NRG embryonic stem cell lines. Genesis 2019; 56:e23238. [PMID: 30010246 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Development of human hematopoietic stem cells and differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells/induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to hematopoietic stem cells are poorly understood. NOD (Non-obese diabetic)-derived mouse strains, such as NSG (NOD-Scid-il2Rg) or NRG (NOD-Rag1-il2Rg), are the best available models for studying the function of fetal and adult human hematopoietic cells as well as ES/iPS cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells. Unfortunately, engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells is very variable in these models. Introduction of additional permissive mutations into these complex genetic backgrounds of the NRG/NSG mice by natural breeding is a very demanding task in terms of time and resources. Specifically, since the genetic elements defining the NSG/NRG phenotypes have not yet been fully characterized, intense backcrossing is required to ensure transmission of the full phenotype. Here we describe the derivation of embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines from NRG pre-implantation embryos generated by in vitro fertilization followed by the CRISPR/CAS9 targeting of the Gata-2 locus. After injection into morula stage embryos, cells from three tested lines gave rise to chimeric adult mice showing high contribution of the ESCs (70%-100%), assessed by coat color. Moreover, these lines have been successfully targeted using Cas9/CRISPR technology, and the mutant cells have been shown to remain germ line competent. Therefore, these new NRG ESC lines combined with genome editing nucleases bring a powerful genetic tool that facilitates the generation of new NOD-based mouse models with the aim to improve the existing xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martin Gonzalez
- Transgenic Core Facility, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aurélie Baudet
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sahar Abelechian
- Transgenic Core Facility, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Bonderup
- Transgenic Core Facility, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teresa d'Altri
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Transgenic Core Facility, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Juliusson
- Division of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörg Cammenga
- Division of Molecular Hematopoiesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- IKE, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Du Y, Wang T, Xu J, Zhao C, Li H, Fu Y, Xu Y, Xie L, Zhao J, Yang W, Yin M, Wen J, Deng H. Efficient derivation of extended pluripotent stem cells from NOD-scid Il2rg -/- mice. Protein Cell 2018; 10:31-42. [PMID: 29948854 PMCID: PMC6321811 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have established a new culture condition enabling the derivation of extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells, which, compared to conventional pluripotent stem cells, possess superior developmental potential and germline competence. However, it remains unclear whether this condition permits derivation of EPS cells from mouse strains that are refractory or non-permissive to pluripotent cell establishment. Here, we show that EPS cells can be robustly generated from non-permissive NOD-scid Il2rg−/− mice through de novo derivation from blastocysts. Furthermore, these cells can also be efficiently generated by chemical reprogramming from embryonic NOD-scid Il2rg−/− fibroblasts. NOD-scid Il2rg−/− EPS cells can be expanded for more than 20 passages with genomic stability and can be genetically modified through gene targeting. Notably, these cells contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vivo. More importantly, they can produce chimeras and integrate into the E13.5 genital ridge. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of generating EPS cells from refractory mouse strains, which could potentially be a general strategy for deriving mouse pluripotent cells. The generation of NOD-scid Il2rg−/− EPS cell lines permits sophisticated genetic modification in NOD-scid Il2rg−/− mice, which may greatly advance the optimization of humanized mouse models for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Du
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chaoran Zhao
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yao Fu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaxing Xu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liangfu Xie
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingru Zhao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Wu X, Wang L, Qiu Y, Zhang B, Hu Z, Jin R. Cooperation of IRAK1/4 inhibitor and ABT-737 in nanoparticles for synergistic therapy of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8025-8034. [PMID: 29184402 PMCID: PMC5673049 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is caused by clonal expansion of variant T cell progenitors and is considered as a high risk leukemia. Contemporary single chemotherapy has a limited effect due to dynamic and versatile properties of T-ALL. Here IRAK1/4 inhibitor and ABT-737 were co-encapsulated into polyethylene glycol modified poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (IRAK/ABT-NP) to enhance synergistic therapy of T-ALL. The formulation was optimized to achieve high drug loading using Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. The optimal parameter comprised 2.98% polymer in acetonitrile, a ratio of oil phase to water phase of 1:8.33, and 2.12% emulsifier concentration. High drug loading and uniform spherical shape was achieved. In vitro release study showed sustained release of IRAK1/4 inhibitor for 72 hours as well as sustained release of ABT-737 for more than 120 hours. Uptake efficiency of IRAK/ABT-NP and induced apoptotic T-ALL fraction by IRAK/ABT-NP were much higher than the IRAK1/4 and ABT-737 combined solution. IC50 of IRAK/ABT-NP was two-fold lower than free drug combination in Jurkat cells. Additionally, we conducted in vivo experiments in which IRAK/ABT-NP exhibited greater cytotoxicity toward T-ALL cells, the capacity to significantly restore white blood cell number in peripheral blood, and improved survival time of T-ALL mouse model compared to the IRAK1/4 and ABT-737 combined solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Yining Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
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