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Akyea-Larbi KO, Hasford F, Inkoom S, Tetteh MA, Gyekye PK. Evaluation of organ and effective doses using anthropomorphic phantom: A comparison between experimental measurement and a commercial dose calculator. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:1-5. [PMID: 37864985 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to experimentally measure organ doses for computed tomography (CT) procedures using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) on a RANDO anthropomorphic phantom and verify the measured doses using CT-Expo software. METHODS The phantom was irradiated using clinical CT scan protocols routinely used for specific procedures in the radiology department. Fifty TLD chips were used in this study. The scanning parameters (kVp, mA, s) used to scan the phantom were used as input parameters for CT-Expo dose estimations. RESULTS The TLD measured organ doses varied between 3.97 mGy for the esophagus and 56.22 mGy for the brain. High doses were recorded in the brain (37.80-56.22 mGy) and the eye lens (29.94-36.16 mGy). Comparing the organ dose measurements between TLD and CT-Expo, the maximum organ dose difference was obtained for the eye lens. A comparison between the two methods for the other organs were all less than 32 %. The effective doses from the TLD measurements for the head, chest, and abdominopelvic CT examinations were 2.78, 6.67, and 17 mSv, respectively and CT-Expo were 2.20, 10.30, and 16.70 mSv, respectively. CONCLUSION The experimental and computational results are comparable, and the reliability of the TLD measurements and CT-Expo dose calculator has been proven. IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDY A reason for the difference in dose measurements between the two methods has been attributed to the dissimilarity in the organ position in the Rando anthropomorphic phantom and the standard mathematical phantom used by CT-Expo. The experimental and computational results have been found to be comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Akyea-Larbi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana.
| | - F Hasford
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Accra, Ghana
| | - S Inkoom
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - M A Tetteh
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Radiology Department, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - P K Gyekye
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Radiological and Non-Ionizing Directorate, Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Accra, Ghana
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Al-Hayek Y, Zheng X, Hayre C, Spuur K. The influence of patient positioning on radiation dose in CT imaging: A narrative review. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022; 53:737-747. [PMID: 36280573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although it is fundamental for optimal scanner operation, it is generally accepted that accurate patient centring cannot always be achieved. This review aimed to examine the reported knowledge of the negative impact of patient positioning on radiation dose and image quality during CT imaging. Furthermore, the study evaluated the current optimisation tools and techniques used to improve patient positioning relative to the gantry iso-center. METHODOLOGY A comprehensive search through the databases PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar was performed. Keywords included patient off-centring, patient positioning, localiser radiograph orientation, radiation dose, and automatic patient positioning (including synonyms). The search was limited to full-text articles that were written in English. After initial title and abstract screening, a total of 52 articles were identified to address the aim of the review. No limitations were imposed on the year of publication. RESULTS Vertical off-centring was reported in up to 95% of patients undergoing chest and abdominal CT examinations, showing a significant influence on radiation dose. Depending on the scanner model and vendor, localiser orientation, bowtie filter used, and patient size, radiation dose varied from a decrease of 36% to an increase of 91%. A significant dose reduction was demonstrated when utilising an AP localiser, aligning with the trend for radiographers to off-center patients below the gantry iso-centre. Utilizing a 3D camera for body contour detection allowed for more accurate patient positioning and promoted further dose reduction. CONCLUSION Patient positioning has shown significant effects on radiation dose and image quality in CT. Developing a good understanding of the key factors influencing patient dose (off-centring direction, localiser orientation, patient size and bowtie filter selection) is critical in optimising CT scanning practices. Utilising a 3D camera for body contour detection is strongly recommended to improve patient positioning accuracy, image quality and to minimise patient dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Al-Hayek
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia; Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
| | - Christopher Hayre
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Devon, UK.
| | - Kelly Spuur
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
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3
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Patient dose estimation in CT examination using dose conversion coefficient method and CT -expo software. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-022-00683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lawson M, Berk K, Badawy M, Qi Y, Kuganesan A, Metcalfe P. Comparison of organ and effective dose estimations from different Monte Carlo simulation-based software methods in infant CT and comparison with direct phantom measurements. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 23:e13625. [PMID: 35522240 PMCID: PMC9194989 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Computational dosimetry software is routinely used to evaluate the organ and effective doses from computed tomography (CT) examinations. Studies have shown a significant variation in dose estimates between software in adult cohorts, and few studies have evaluated software for pediatric dose estimates. This study aims to compare the primary organ and effective doses estimated by four commercially available CT dosimetry software to thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements in a 1‐year‐old phantom. Methods One hundred fifteen calibrated LiF (Mg, Cu, P)‐TLD 100‐H chips were embedded within an anthropomorphic phantom representing a 1‐year‐old child at positions that matched the approximate location of organs within an infant. The phantom was scanned under three protocols, each with whole‐body coverage. The mean absorbed doses from 25 radiosensitive organs and skeletal tissues were determined from the TLD readings. Effective doses for each of the protocols were subsequently calculated using ICRP 103 formalism. Dose estimates by the four Monte Carlo–based dose calculation systems were determined and compared to the directly measured doses. Results Most organ doses determined by computation dosimetry software aligned to phantom measurements within 20%. Additionally, comparisons between effective doses are calculated using computational and direct measurement methods aligned within 20% across the three protocols. Significant variances were found in bone surface dose estimations among dosimetry methods, likely caused by differences in bone tissue modeling. Conclusion All four‐dosimetry software evaluated in this study provide adequate primary organ and effective dose estimations. Users should be aware, however, of the possible estimated uncertainty associated with each of the programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lawson
- Monash Health Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, School of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kemal Berk
- Department of Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Badawy
- Monash Health Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yujin Qi
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, School of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahilan Kuganesan
- Monash Health Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Metcalfe
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, School of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Chipiga L, Golikov V, Vodovatov A, Bernhardsson C. COMPARISON OF ORGAN ABSORBED DOSES IN WHOLE-BODY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANS OF PAEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENT MODELS ESTIMATED BY DIFFERENT METHODS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2021; 195:246-256. [PMID: 34132330 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the uncertainty in estimations of organ absorbed dose using dedicated software by comparing with corresponding doses measured in physical phantoms. The comparison was performed for whole-body computed tomography (CT) obtained as part of positron emission tomography. Whole-body CT scans provide an advantage in terms of comparison because all organs are in the primary beam of the irradiated area. Organ doses estimated by the different software programs (CT-Expo, VirtualDose and NCICT) were compared by thermoluminescent detector measurements in anthropomorphic phantoms in 1-y-old, 5-y-old and adult patients. Differences were within ~15% in 12 major organs. However, differences of ~30% were observed in organs located at slightly different positions in the computational models compared to the physical phantoms. All investigated programs were deemed suitable for accurate estimation of organ absorbed dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Chipiga
- Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene, 197101, Mira St 8, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgery Technology, Leningradskaya St 70, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova St 2, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav Golikov
- Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene, 197101, Mira St 8, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr Vodovatov
- Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene, 197101, Mira St 8, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Christian Bernhardsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, ITM, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 20502, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 49, Malmö, Sweden
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Akyea-Larbi KO, Tetteh MA, Martinsen ACT, Hasford F, Inkoom S, Jensen K. BENCHMARKING OF A NEW AUTOMATIC CT RADIATION DOSE CALCULATOR. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 191:361-368. [PMID: 33151301 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Information on patient radiation dose is essential to meet the radiation protection regulations and the demands of dose optimization. Vendors have developed different tools for patient dose assessment for radiological purposes. In this study, estimated effective doses derived from a new image-based software tool (DoseWatch, GE Healthcare) was benchmarked against the corresponding doses from a dose calculator (CT-Expo, SASCRAD) and a conversion coefficient method. Dose data from 150 adult patients (66 male and 84 female), who underwent CT head, abdominopelvic or chest examinations, were retrospectively collected using DoseWatch. Effective dose estimated by DoseWatch was significantly lower than that of CT-Expo and DLP-E (k) (p ≤ 0.001). For the organ doses, DoseWatch resulted in lower dose than CT-Expo for all the organs with the exception of testis (p ≤ 001) and eye lenses (p ≤ 0.026).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Okyere Akyea-Larbi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 25 Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mercy Afadzi Tetteh
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Catrine T Martinsen
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Francis Hasford
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 25 Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, LG 80 Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen Inkoom
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, LG 25 Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, LG 80 Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kristin Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Brady Z, Forsythe A, McBain-Miller J, Scurrah KJ, Smoll N, Lin Y, Lee C, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Roberts LJ, Mathews JD. Ct Dosimetry for The Australian Cohort Data Linkage Study. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 191:ncaa175. [PMID: 33200204 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Children undergoing computed tomography (CT) scans have an increased risk of cancer in subsequent years, but it is unclear how much of the excess risk is due to reverse causation bias or confounding, rather than to causal effects of ionising radiation. An examination of the relationship between excess cancer risk and organ dose can help to resolve these uncertainties. Accordingly, we have estimated doses to 33 different organs arising from over 900 000 CT scans between 1985 and 2005 in our previously described cohort of almost 12 million Australians aged 0-19 years. We used a multi-tiered approach, starting with Medicare billing details for government-funded scans. We reconstructed technical parameters from national surveys, clinical protocols, regulator databases and peer-reviewed literature to estimate almost 28 000 000 individual organ doses. Doses were age-dependent and tended to decrease over time due to technological improvements and optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Brady
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Forsythe
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasmine McBain-Miller
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina J Scurrah
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicolas Smoll
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yaqi Lin
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Choonsik Lee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leo J Roberts
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John D Mathews
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Martin CJ, Harrison JD, Rehani MM. Effective dose from radiation exposure in medicine: Past, present, and future. Phys Med 2020; 79:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Tschauner S, Marterer R, Nagy E, Singer G, Riccabona M, Sorantin E. Experiences with image quality and radiation dose of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in pediatric extremity trauma. Skeletal Radiol 2020; 49:1939-1949. [PMID: 32535775 PMCID: PMC7652807 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel dedicated extremity cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices, recently introduced to the market, raised attention as a possible alternative in advanced diagnostic pediatric trauma imaging, today usually performed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). This work aimed to compare image quality and radiation dose of CBCT and MDCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four CBCT-MDCT examination pairs, containing nine MDCTs acquired in parallel prospectively and 45 MDCTs matched in retrospect, were included in this study. Image quality was analyzed semi-objectively by measuring noise, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and subjectively by performing image impression ratings. CT dose records were readout. RESULTS Image noise was significantly lower in CBCT compared with MDCT, both semi-objectively and subjectively (both p < 0.001). CNR and SNRs were also in favor of CBCT, though CBCT examinations exhibited significantly more beam hardening artifacts that diminished the advantages of the superior semi-objective image quality. These artifacts were believed to occur more often in children due to numerous bone-cartilage transitions in open growth plates and may have led to a better subjective diagnostic certainty rating (p = 0.001). Motion artifacts were infrequently, but exclusively observed in CBCT. CT dose index (CTDIvol) was substantially lower in CBCT (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dedicated extremity CBCT could be an alternative low-dose modality in the diagnostic pathway of pediatric fractures. At lower doses compared with MDCT and commonly affected by beam hardening artifacts, semi-objective CBCT image quality parameters were generally better than in MDCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tschauner
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Robert Marterer
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Singer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Michael Riccabona
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Erich Sorantin
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, 8036, Graz, Austria
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Prinsen P, Trattner S, Wiegert J, Gerland EL, Shefer E, Morton T, Thompson CM, Cheng B, Halliburton SS, Einstein AJ. High correlation between radiation dose estimates for 256-slice CT obtained by highly parallelized hybrid Monte Carlo computation and solid-state metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor measurements in physical anthropomorphic phantoms. Med Phys 2019; 46:5216-5226. [PMID: 31442300 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate, patient-specific radiation dosimetry for CT scanning is critical to optimize radiation doses and balance dose against image quality. While Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is often used to estimate doses from CT, comparison of estimates to experimentally measured values is lacking for advanced CT scanners incorporating novel design features. We aimed to compare radiation dose estimates from MC simulation to doses measured in physical anthropomorphic phantoms using metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) in a 256-slice CT scanner. METHODS Fifty MOSFETs were placed in organs within tissue-equivalent anthropomorphic adult and pediatric radiographic phantoms, which were scanned using a variety of chest, cardiac, abdomen, brain, and whole-body protocols on a 256-slice system. MC computations were performed on voxelized CT reconstructions of the phantoms using a highly parallel MC tool developed specifically for diagnostic X-ray energies and rapid computation. Doses were compared between MC estimates and physical measurements. RESULTS The average ratio of MOSFET to MC dose in the in-field region was close to 1 (range, 0.96-1.12; mean ± SD, 1.01 ± 0.04), indicating outstanding agreement between measured and simulated doses. The difference between measured and simulated doses tended to increase with distance from the in-field region. The error in the MC simulations due to the limited number of simulated photons was less than 1%. The errors in the MOSFET dose determinations in the in-field region for a single scan were mainly due to the calibration method and were typically about 6% (8% if the error in the reading of the ionization chamber that was used for the MOSFET calibration was included). CONCLUSIONS Radiation dose estimation using a highly parallelized MC method is strongly correlated with experimental measurements in physical adult and infant anthropomorphic phantoms for a wide range of scans performed on a 256-slice CT scanner. Incorporation into CT scanners of radiation-dose distribution estimation, employing the scanner's reconstructed images of the patient, may offer the potential for accurate patient-specific CT dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Prinsen
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, 5656AE, The Netherlands
| | - Sigal Trattner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jens Wiegert
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, 5656AE, The Netherlands
| | - Elazar-Lars Gerland
- P-Cure Ltd,, Moshav Shilat, 7318800, Israel.,Philips Healthcare, Haifa, 31004, Israel
| | | | | | - Carla M Thompson
- Division of Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Science Outreach, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sandra S Halliburton
- Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, 44122, USA.,Division of Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Andrew J Einstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Bouaoun A, Ben Omrane L, Mogaadi M, Khomsi WD, Zidi A, Hammou A. PEDIATRIC HEAD CT EXPOSURE DOSES IN TUNISIA: A PILOT STUDY TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 182:241-251. [PMID: 29912455 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess and analyze the radiation doses during head pediatric CT from different CT units within six Tunisian hospitals representing different geographic regions in order to optimize the dose given and minimize the radiology risk to this category of patients and towards the derivation of national diagnostic reference levels. Patient data and exposure parameters were collected for four age groups (<1, 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15 y). Clinical protocols and exposure settings were analyzed. Doses were collected in terms of CTDIvol and DLP values. Effective and Organ doses to specific radiosensitive organs were estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation software 'Impact CTDosimetry'. Results showed large variations in CT protocols and doses between different radiology departments. CTDIvol and DLP values demonstrated a broad range between the CT units and between the axial and helical scan techniques in the same unit. CTDI vol values were estimated to be 24.9, 31.7, 45.5 and 47.8 mGy for <1, 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15 y age groups, respectively. In term of DLP, median values were ~346, 528, 824, 897 mGy cm for the same age groups, respectively. Effective dose ranged from 1.4 to 5 mSv. Dose values were comparable with those reported in the literature. The study shows an evident need for continuous training of staff in radiation protection concepts, especially within the regional hospitals, emphasizes the importance of the production and the update of recommendations and good practice guidelines using interdisciplinary working groups and opens the way for the establishment of national DRLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Bouaoun
- University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis (ISTMT), LR13ES07 Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | - Asma Zidi
- National Center of Radiation Protection, Tunis, Tunisia
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12
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Gao Y, Quinn B, Pandit-Taskar N, Behr G, Mahmood U, Long D, Xu XG, St Germain J, Dauer LT. Patient-specific organ and effective dose estimates in pediatric oncology computed tomography. Phys Med 2018; 45:146-155. [PMID: 29472080 PMCID: PMC5828028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Estimate organ and effective doses from computed tomography scans of pediatric oncologic patients using patient-specific information. MATERIALS AND METHODS With IRB approval patient-specific scan parameters and patient size obtained from DICOM images and vendor-provided dose monitoring application were obtained for a cross-sectional study of 1250 pediatric patients from 0 through 20 y-olds who underwent head, chest, abdomen-pelvis, or chest-abdomen-pelvis CT scans. Patients were categorized by age. Organ doses and effective doses were estimated using VirtualDose™ CT based on patient-specific information, tube current modulation (TCM), and age-specific realistic phantoms. CTDIvol, DLP, and dose results were compared with those reported in the literature. RESULTS CTDIvol and DLP varied widely as patient size varied. The 75th percentiles of CTDIvol and DLP were no greater than in the literature with the exception of head scans of 16-20 y-olds and of abdomen-pelvis scans of larger patients. Eye lens dose from a head scan was up to 69 mGy. Mean organ doses agreed with other studies at maximal difference of 38% for chest and 41% for abdomen-pelvis scans. Mean effective dose was generally higher for older patients. The highest effective doses were estimated for the 16-20 y-olds as: head 3.3 mSv, chest 4.1 mSv, abdomen-pelvis 10.0 mSv, chest-abdomen-pelvis 14.0 mSv. CONCLUSION Patient-specific organ and effective doses have been estimated for pediatric oncologic patients from <1 through 20 y-olds. The effect of TCM was successfully accounted for in the estimates. Output parameters varied with patient size. CTDIvol and DLP results are useful for future protocol optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Gao
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Brian Quinn
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Gerald Behr
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Usman Mahmood
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Daniel Long
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - X George Xu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Jean St Germain
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Lawrence T Dauer
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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13
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Tschauner S, Marterer R, Nagy E, Apfaltrer G, Riccabona M, Singer G, Stücklschweiger G, Guss H, Sorantin E. Surface radiation dose comparison of a dedicated extremity cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) device and a multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) machine in pediatric ankle and wrist phantoms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178747. [PMID: 28570626 PMCID: PMC5453596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate and compare surface doses of a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) device in pediatric ankle and wrist phantoms. Methods Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to measure and compare surface doses between CBCT and MDCT in a left ankle and a right wrist pediatric phantom. In both modalities adapted pediatric dose protocols were utilized to achieve realistic imaging conditions. All measurements were repeated three times to prove test-retest reliability. Additionally, objective and subjective image quality parameters were assessed. Results Average surface doses were 3.8 ±2.1 mGy for the ankle, and 2.2 ±1.3 mGy for the wrist in CBCT. The corresponding surface doses in optimized MDCT were 4.5 ±1.3 mGy for the ankle, and 3.4 ±0.7 mGy for the wrist. Overall, mean surface dose was significantly lower in CBCT (3.0 ±1.9 mGy vs. 3.9 ±1.2 mGy, p<0.001). Subjectively rated general image quality was not significantly different between the study protocols (p = 0.421), whereas objectively measured image quality parameters were in favor of CBCT (p<0.001). Conclusions Adapted extremity CBCT imaging protocols have the potential to fall below optimized pediatric ankle and wrist MDCT doses at comparable image qualities. These possible dose savings warrant further development and research in pediatric extremity CBCT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tschauner
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Marterer
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eszter Nagy
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Apfaltrer
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Riccabona
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Singer
- Division of General Pediatric and Adolescence Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Stücklschweiger
- Competence Centre for Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmuth Guss
- Competence Centre for Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erich Sorantin
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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14
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Gao Y, Quinn B, Mahmood U, Long D, Erdi Y, St. Germain J, Pandit-Taskar N, Xu XG, Bolch WE, Dauer LT. A comparison of pediatric and adult CT organ dose estimation methods. BMC Med Imaging 2017; 17:28. [PMID: 28446130 PMCID: PMC5406971 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-017-0199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computed Tomography (CT) contributes up to 50% of the medical exposure to the United States population. Children are considered to be at higher risk of developing radiation-induced tumors due to the young age of exposure and increased tissue radiosensitivity. Organ dose estimation is essential for pediatric and adult patient cancer risk assessment. The objective of this study is to validate the VirtualDose software in comparison to currently available software and methods for pediatric and adult CT organ dose estimation. METHODS Five age groups of pediatric patients and adult patients were simulated by three organ dose estimators. Head, chest, abdomen-pelvis, and chest-abdomen-pelvis CT scans were simulated, and doses to organs both inside and outside the scan range were compared. For adults, VirtualDose was compared against ImPACT and CT-Expo. For pediatric patients, VirtualDose was compared to CT-Expo and compared to size-based methods from literature. Pediatric to adult effective dose ratios were also calculated with VirtualDose, and were compared with the ranges of effective dose ratios provided in ImPACT. RESULTS In-field organs see less than 60% difference in dose between dose estimators. For organs outside scan range or distributed organs, a five times' difference can occur. VirtualDose agrees with the size-based methods within 20% difference for the organs investigated. Between VirtualDose and ImPACT, the pediatric to adult ratios for effective dose are compared, and less than 21% difference is observed for chest scan while more than 40% difference is observed for head-neck scan and abdomen-pelvis scan. For pediatric patients, 2 cm scan range change can lead to a five times dose difference in partially scanned organs. CONCLUSIONS VirtualDose is validated against CT-Expo and ImPACT with relatively small discrepancies in dose for organs inside scan range, while large discrepancies in dose are observed for organs outside scan range. Patient-specific organ dose estimation is possible using the size-based methods, and VirtualDose agrees with size-based method for the organs investigated. Careful range selection for CT protocols is necessary for organ dose optimization for pediatric and adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Gao
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 84, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Brian Quinn
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 84, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Usman Mahmood
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 84, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Daniel Long
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 84, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Yusuf Erdi
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 84, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Jean St. Germain
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 84, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - X. George Xu
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
| | - Wesley E. Bolch
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Lawrence T. Dauer
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 84, New York, NY 10065 USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
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15
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Kataria B, Sandborg M, Althén JN. IMPLICATIONS OF PATIENT CENTRING ON ORGAN DOSE IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 169:130-135. [PMID: 26743256 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Automatic exposure control (AEC) in computed tomography (CT) facilitates optimisation of dose absorbed by the patient. The use of AEC requires appropriate 'patient centring' within the gantry, since positioning the patient off-centre may affect both image quality and absorbed dose. The aim of this experimental study was to measure the variation in organ and abdominal surface dose during CT examinations of the head, neck/thorax and abdomen. The dose was compared at the isocenter with two off-centre positions-ventral and dorsal to the isocenter. Measurements were made with an anthropomorphic adult phantom and thermoluminescent dosemeters. Organs and surfaces for ventral regions received lesser dose (5.6-39.0 %) than the isocenter when the phantom was positioned +3 cm off-centre. Similarly, organ and surface doses for dorsal regions were reduced by 5.0-21.0 % at -5 cm off-centre. Therefore, correct vertical positioning of the patient at the gantry isocenter is important to maintain optimal imaging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Kataria
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medical & Health Sciences, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualisation, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael Sandborg
- Department of Medical Physics, Department of Medical & Health Sciences, Center for Medical Image Science & Visualization, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Nilsson Althén
- Department of Medical Physics, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
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16
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Hess CB, Thompson HM, Benedict SH, Seibert JA, Wong K, Vaughan AT, Chen AM. Exposure Risks Among Children Undergoing Radiation Therapy: Considerations in the Era of Image Guided Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 94:978-92. [PMID: 27026304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvements in toxicity profiles of pediatric oncology patients are attributable, in part, to advances in the field of radiation oncology such as intensity modulated radiation (IMRT) and proton therapy (IMPT). While IMRT and IMPT deliver highly conformal dose to targeted volumes, they commonly demand the addition of 2- or 3-dimensional imaging for precise positioning--a technique known as image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). In this manuscript we address strategies to further minimize exposure risk in children by reducing effective IGRT dose. Portal X rays and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) are commonly used to verify patient position during IGRT and, because their relative radiation exposure is far less than the radiation absorbed from therapeutic treatment beams, their sometimes significant contribution to cumulative risk can be easily overlooked. Optimizing the conformality of IMRT/IMPT while simultaneously ignoring IGRT dose may result in organs at risk being exposed to a greater proportion of radiation from IGRT than from therapeutic beams. Over a treatment course, cumulative central-axis CBCT effective dose can approach or supersede the amount of radiation absorbed from a single treatment fraction, a theoretical increase of 3% to 5% in mutagenic risk. In select scenarios, this may result in the underprediction of acute and late toxicity risk (such as azoospermia, ovarian dysfunction, or increased lifetime mutagenic risk) in radiation-sensitive organs and patients. Although dependent on variables such as patient age, gender, weight, body habitus, anatomic location, and dose-toxicity thresholds, modifying IGRT use and acquisition parameters such as frequency, imaging modality, beam energy, current, voltage, rotational degree, collimation, field size, reconstruction algorithm, and documentation can reduce exposure, avoid unnecessary toxicity, and achieve doses as low as reasonably achievable, promoting a culture and practice of "gentle IGRT."
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton B Hess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Holly M Thompson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Stanley H Benedict
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - J Anthony Seibert
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Kenneth Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew T Vaughan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Allen M Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
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17
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Franck C, Vandevoorde C, Goethals I, Smeets P, Achten E, Verstraete K, Thierens H, Bacher K. The role of Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) in patient-specific organ dose and cancer risk estimation in paediatric chest and abdominopelvic CT examinations. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:2646-55. [PMID: 26670320 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Kuehl DR, Berdahl CT, Jackson TD, Venkatesh AK, Mistry RD, Bhargavan-Chatfield M, Raukar NP, Carr BG, Schuur JD, Kocher KE. Advancing the Use of Administrative Data for Emergency Department Diagnostic Imaging Research. Acad Emerg Med 2015; 22:1417-26. [PMID: 26575944 DOI: 10.1111/acem.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Administrative data are critical to describing patterns of use, cost, and appropriateness of imaging in emergency care. These data encompass a range of source materials that have been collected primarily for a nonresearch use: documenting clinical care (e.g., medical records), administering care (e.g., picture archiving and communication systems), or financial transactions (e.g., insurance claims). These data have served as the foundation for large, descriptive studies that have documented the rise and expanded role of diagnostic imaging in the emergency department (ED). This article summarizes the discussions of the breakout session on the use of administrative data for emergency imaging research at the May 2015 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference, "Diagnostic Imaging in the Emergency Department: A Research Agenda to Optimize Utilization." The authors describe the areas where administrative data have been applied to research evaluating the use of diagnostic imaging in the ED, the common sources for these data, and the strengths and limitations of administrative data. Next, the future role of administrative data is examined for answering key research questions in an evolving health system increasingly focused on measuring appropriateness, ensuring quality, and improving value for health spending. This article specifically focuses on four thematic areas: data quality, appropriateness and value, special populations, and policy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon R. Kuehl
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine; Roanoke VA
| | - Carl T. Berdahl
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center; Los Angeles CA
| | - Tiffany D. Jackson
- Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Alabama Birmingham; Birmingham AL
| | | | - Rakesh D. Mistry
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Section of Emergency Medicine; Children's Hospital Colorado; Aurora CO
| | | | - Neha P. Raukar
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Providence RI
| | - Brendan G. Carr
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Sidney Kimmel Medical College; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia PA
| | - Jeremiah D. Schuur
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA
| | - Keith E. Kocher
- Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Michigan School of Medicine; Ann Arbor MI
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19
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Lee C, Lee SS, Kim JE, Huh KH, Yi WJ, Heo MS, Choi SC. Comparison of dosimetry methods for panoramic radiography: thermoluminescent dosimeter measurement versus personal computer-based Monte Carlo method calculation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 121:322-9. [PMID: 26795453 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient radiation dose based on panoramic radiography and calculated with personal computer-based Monte Carlo (PCXMC) software compared with thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) measurement. We also proposed appropriate input values for dose-determining factors in PCXMC. STUDY DESIGN Tissue-absorbed doses and the effective dose based on panoramic radiography were measured with TLD and with PCXMC under various conditions. The calculated PCXMC doses were compared with those measured with TLD. RESULTS The effective doses calculated with PCXMC were higher by 9.55% to 51.24% compared with the doses measured with TLD. Reference points on the Y-axis and Z-axis were the sensitive factors when calculating the effective dose. The differences between the highest and the lowest organ doses were 0.32 and 0.10 mGy, respectively, for PCXMC calculation and TLD measurement. CONCLUSIONS The effective dose calculated with PCXMC was generally higher than the dose measured by using TLD, and the absorbed doses varied by organ more severely in the PCXMC calculations than in the TLD measurements. The effective dose obtained from PCXMC calculations was dependent on input values for dose-determining factors. Standard values for each dose-determining factor required for the application of PCXMC to panoramic radiography were suggested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chena Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam-Sun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jo-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoe Huh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Chul Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Sabarudin A, Mustafa Z, Nassir KM, Hamid HA, Sun Z. Radiation dose reduction in thoracic and abdomen-pelvic CT using tube current modulation: a phantom study. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2014; 16:5135. [PMID: 25679153 PMCID: PMC5689995 DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v16i1.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This phantom study was designed to compare the radiation dose in thoracic and abdomen-pelvic CT scans with and without use of tube current modulation (TCM). Effective dose (ED) and size-specific dose estimation (SSDE) were calculated with the absorbed doses measured at selective radiosensitive organs using a thermoluminescence dosimeter-100 (TLD-100). When compared to protocols without TCM, the ED and SSDE were reduced significantly with use of TCM for both the thoracic and abdomen-pelvic CT. With use of TCM, the ED was 6.50 ± 0.29 mSv for thoracic and 6.01 ± 0.20 mSv for the abdomen-pelvic CT protocols. However without use of TCM, the ED was 20.07 ± 0.24 mSv and 17.30 ± 0.41 mSv for the thoracic and abdomen-pelvic CT protocols, respectively. The corresponding SSDE was 10.18 ± 0.48 mGy and 11.96 ± 0.27 mGy for the thoracic and abdomen-pelvic CT protocols with TCM, and 31.56 ± 0.43 mGy and 33.23 ± 0.05 mGy for thoracic and abdomen-pelvic CT protocols without TCM, respectively. The highest absorbed dose was measured at the breast with 8.58 ± 0.12 mGy in the TCM protocols and 51.52 ± 14.72 mGy in the protocols without TCM during thoracic CT. In the abdomen-pelvic CT, the absorbed dose was highest at the skin with 9.30 ± 1.28mGy and 29.99 ± 2.23 mGy in protocols with and without use of TCM, respectively. In conclusion, the TCM technique results in significant dose reduction; thus it is to be highly recommended in routine thoracic and abdomen-pelvic CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmal Sabarudin
- Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Program School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia..
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