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Feder D, Mohd-Pahmi SH, Adibi H, Guddat LW, Schenk G, McGeary RP, Hussein WM. Optimization of an α-aminonaphthylmethylphosphonic acid inhibitor of purple acid phosphatase using rational structure-based design approaches. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115383. [PMID: 37087894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are ubiquitous binuclear metallohydrolases that have been isolated from various animals, plants and some types of fungi. In humans and mice, elevated PAP activity in osteoclasts is associated with osteoporosis, making human PAP an attractive target for the development of anti-osteoporotic drugs. Based on previous studies focusing on phosphonate scaffolds, as well as a new crystal structure of a PAP in complex with a derivative of a previously synthesized α-aminonaphthylmethylphosphonic acid, phosphonates 24-40 were designed as new PAP inhibitor candidates. Subsequent docking studies predicted that all of these compounds are likely to interact strongly with the active site of human PAP and most are likely to interact strongly with the active site of pig PAP. The seventeen candidates were synthesized with good yields and nine of them (26-28, 30, 33-36 and 38) inhibit in the sub-micromolar to nanomolar range against pig PAP, with 28 and 35 being the most potent mammalian PAP inhibitors reported with Ki values of 168 nM and 186 nM, respectively. This study thus paves the way for the next stage of drug development for phosphonate inhibitors of PAPs as anti-osteoporotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Feder
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Siti Hajar Mohd-Pahmi
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Hadi Adibi
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Luke W Guddat
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ross P McGeary
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia; Helwan University, Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ein Helwan, Helwan, Egypt.
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Liu X, Miramini S, Patel M, Liao J, Shidid D, Zhang L. Influence of therapeutic grip exercises induced loading rates in distal radius fracture healing with volar locking plate fixation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 215:106626. [PMID: 35051836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Therapeutic exercises could potentially enhance the healing of distal radius fractures (DRFs) treated with volar locking plate (VLP). However, the healing outcomes are highly dependant on the patient-specific fracture geometries (e.g., gap size) and the loading conditions at the fracture site (e.g., loading frequency) resulted from different types of therapeutic exercises. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different loading frequencies induced by therapeutic exercises on the biomechanical microenvironment of the fracture site and the transport of cells and growth factors within the fracture callus, ultimately the healing outcomes. This is achieved through numerical modelling and mechanical testing. METHODS Five radius sawbones specimens (Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon, USA) fixed with VLP (VRP2.0+, Austofix) were mechanically tested using dynamic test instrument (INSTRON E3000, Norwood, MA). The loading protocol used in mechanical testing involved a series of cyclic axial compression tests representing hand and finger therapeutic exercises. The relationship between the dynamic loading rate (i.e., loading frequency) and dynamic stiffness of the construct was established and used as inputs to a developed numerical model for studying the dynamic loading induced cells and growth factors in fracture site and biomechanical stimuli required for healing. RESULTS There is a strong positive linear relationship between the loading rate and axial stiffness of the construct fixed with VLP. The loading rates induced by the moderate frequencies (i.e., 1-2 Hz) could promote endochondral ossification, whereas relatively high loading frequencies (i.e., over 3 Hz) may hinder the healing outcomes or lead to non-union. In addition, a dynamic loading frequency of 2 Hz in combination of a fracture gap size of 3 mm could produce a better healing outcome by enhancing the transport of cells and growth factors at the fracture site in comparison to free diffusion (i.e. without loading), and thereby produces a biomechanical microenvironment which is favourable for healing. CONCLUSION The experimentally validated numerical model presented in this study could potentially contribute to the design of effective patient-specific therapeutic exercises for better healing outcomes. Importantly, the model results demonstrate that therapeutic grip exercises induced dynamic loading could produce a better biomechanical microenvironment for healing without compromising the mechanical stability of the overall volar locking plate fixation construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanchi Liu
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saeed Miramini
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minoo Patel
- Centre for Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction, Epworth Hospital Richmond, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - JinJing Liao
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darpan Shidid
- RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacture, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Wolynski JG, Labus KM, Easley JT, Notaroš BM, Ilić MM, Puttlitz CM, McGilvray KC. Diagnostic prediction of ovine fracture healing outcomes via a novel multi-location direct electromagnetic coupling antenna. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1223. [PMID: 34532360 PMCID: PMC8421979 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Expedient prediction of adverse bone fracture healing (delayed- or non-union) is necessary to advise secondary treatments for improving healing outcome to minimize patient suffering. Radiographic imaging, the current standard diagnostic, remains largely ineffective at predicting nonunions during the early stages of fracture healing resulting in mean nonunion diagnosis times exceeding six months. Thus, there remains a clinical deficit necessitating improved diagnostic techniques. It was hypothesized that adverse fracture healing expresses impaired biological progression at the fracture site, thus resulting in reduced temporal progression of fracture site stiffness which may be quantified prior to the appearance of radiographic indicators of fracture healing (i.e., calcified tissue). Methods A novel multi-location direct electromagnetic coupling antenna was developed to diagnose relative changes in the stiffness of fractures treated by metallic orthopaedic hardware. The efficacy of this diagnostic was evaluated during fracture healing simulated by progressive destabilization of cadaveric ovine metatarsals treated by locking plate fixation (n=8). An ovine in vivo comparative fracture study (n=8) was then utilized to better characterize the performance of the developed diagnostic in a clinically translatable setting. In vivo measurements using the developed diagnostic were compared to weekly radiographic images and postmortem biomechanical, histological, and micro computed tomography analyses. Results For all cadaveric samples, the novel direct electromagnetic coupling antenna displayed significant differences at the fracture site (P<0.05) when measuring a fully fractured sample versus partially intact and fully intact fracture states. In subsequent in vivo fracture models, this technology detected significant differences (P<0.001) in fractures trending towards delayed healing during the first 30 days post-fracture. Conclusions This technology, relative to traditional X-ray imaging, exhibits potential to greatly expedite clinical diagnosis of fracture nonunion, thus warranting additional technological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob G Wolynski
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kevin M Labus
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeremiah T Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Branislav M Notaroš
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Milan M Ilić
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christian M Puttlitz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kirk C McGilvray
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Liu X, Miramini S, Patel M, Liao J, Shidid D, Zhang L. Balance Between Mechanical Stability and Mechano-Biology of Fracture Healing Under Volar Locking Plate. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2533-2553. [PMID: 34189632 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of volar locking plate (VLP) is promising in the treatment of dorsally comminuted and displaced fracture. However, the optimal balance between the mechanical stability of VLP and the mechanobiology at the fracture site is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to develop numerical models in conjunction with experimental studies to identify the favourable mechanical microenvironment for indirect healing, by optimizing VLP configuration and post-operative loadings for different fracture geometries. The simulation results show that the mechanical behaviour of VLP is mainly governed by the axial compression. In addition, the model shows that, under relatively large gap size (i.e., 3-5 mm), the increase of FWL could enhance chondrocyte differentiation while a large BPD could compromise the mechanical stability of VLP. Importantly, bending moment produced by wrist flexion/extension and torsion moment produced from forearm rotation could potentially hinder endochondral ossification at early stage of healing. The developed model could potentially assist orthopaedic surgeons in surgical pre-planning and designing post-operation physical therapy for treatment of distal radius fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanchi Liu
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Saeed Miramini
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Minoo Patel
- Centre for Limb Lengthening & Reconstruction, Epworth Hospital Richmond, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - JinJing Liao
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Darpan Shidid
- RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacture, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Ganadhiepan G, Miramini S, Patel M, Mendis P, Zhang L. Optimal time-dependent levels of weight-bearing for bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixators. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104611. [PMID: 34082182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
It is known that weight-bearing exercises under Ilizarov circular fixators (ICF) could enhance bone fracture healing by mechano-regulation. However, interfragmentary movements at the fracture site induced by weight-bearing may inhibit angiogenesis and ultimately delay the healing process. To tackle this challenge, a computational model is presented in this study which considers the spatial and temporal changes in mechanical properties of fracture callus to predict optimal levels of weight-bearing during fracture healing under ICF. The study takes sheep fractures as example and shows that the developed model has the capability of predicting patient specific, time-dependent optimal levels of weight-bearing which enhances mechano-regulation mediated healing without hindering the angiogenesis process. The results demonstrate that allowable level of weight-bearing and timings depend on fracture gap size. For normal body weights (BW) and moderate fracture gap sizes (e.g. 3 mm), weight-bearing with 30% BW could start by week 4 post-operation and gradually increase to 100% BW by week 11. In contrast, for relatively large fracture gap sizes (i.e. 6 mm), weight-bearing is recommended to commence in later stages of healing (e.g. week 11 post-operation). Furthermore, increasing ICF stiffness (e.g. using half pins instead of pretension wires) can increase the level of weight-bearing significantly in the early stages up to a certain time point (e.g. week 8 post-operation) beyond which no noticeable benefits could be achieved. The findings of this study have potential applications in designing post-operative weight bearing exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Miramini
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Minoo Patel
- Epworth Hospital Richmond, Victoria, 3121, Australia
| | - Priyan Mendis
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Miramini S, Yang Y, Zhang L. A probabilistic-based approach for computational simulation of bone fracture healing. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 180:105011. [PMID: 31421602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It is widely known that bone fracture healing is affected by mechanical factors such as fracture geometry, fixation configuration and post-operative weight bearing loading. However, there are several uncertainties associated with the magnitude of the mechanical factors affecting bone healing as it is challenging to adjust and control them in clinical practice. The current bone fracture healing investigations mainly adopt a deterministic approach for identifying the optimal mechanical conditions for a favourable bone healing outcome. However, a probabilistic approach should be used in the analysis to incorporate such uncertainties for prediction of bone healing. METHODS In this study we developed a probabilistic-based computational model to predict the probability of delayed healing or non-union under different fracture treatment mechanical conditions for fractures stabilised by locking plates. RESULTS The results show that there is a strong positive linear correlation between the mechanical stimulations (S) in the fracture gap and the magnitude of weight bearing, the bone-plate distance (BPD) and the plate working length (WL), whereas the fracture gap size has a highly negative and nonlinear correlation with S. While the results show that fracture mechanical microenvironment is more sensitive to the uncertainties in WL compared to BPD, the uncertainty associated with the magnitude of WL is very low and can be resulted from implant manufacturing tolerance. However, there is a high uncertainty associated with the magnitude of BPD as it cannot be accurately adjusted during the surgery. The results show that the tissue differentiation at the far cortex of fracture gap is more sensitive to the variation of BPD compared with that at the near cortex. The probability of delayed healing (fibrous tissue formation) at far cortex is increased from 0% to 40% when coefficient of variation (COV) of BPD rises from 0.1 to 0.9 (for average BPD = 2 mm, WL = 65 mm, fracture gap size = 3 mm and Weight bearing = 150 N). Further, both near and far cortex of fracture site are sensitive to the variation in weight bearing loading. CONCLUSIONS The developed probabilistic model may lead to useful guidelines that could help orthopaedic surgeons identify how reliable a specific fracture treatment strategy is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Miramini
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Effects of dynamic loading on fracture healing under different locking compression plate configurations: A finite element study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 94:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ganadhiepan G, Zhang L, Miramini S, Mendis P, Patel M, Ebeling P, Wang Y. The Effects of Dynamic Loading on Bone Fracture Healing Under Ilizarov Circular Fixators. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:2727816. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4043037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early weight bearing appears to enhance bone fracture healing under Ilizarov circular fixators (ICFs). However, the role of early weight bearing in the healing process remains unclear. This study aims to provide insights into the effects of early weight bearing on healing of bone fractures stabilized with ICFs, with the aid of mathematical modeling. A computational model of fracture site was developed using poro-elastic formulation to simulate the transport of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteogenic growth factor (OGF), and chondrogenic growth factor (CGF) and MSC differentiation during the early stage of healing, under various combinations of fracture gap sizes (GS), ICF wire pretension forces, and axial loads. 1 h of physiologically relevant cyclic axial loading followed by 23 h of rest in the post-inflammation phase (i.e., callus with granulation tissue) was simulated. The results show that physiologically relevant dynamic loading could significantly enhance cell and growth factor concentrations in the fracture site in a time and spatially dependent manner. 1 h cyclic loading (axial load with amplitude, PA, of 200 N at 1 Hz) increased the content of chondrocytes up to 37% (in all zones of callus), CGF up to 28% (in endosteal and periosteal callus) and OGF up to 50% (in endosteal and cortical callus) by the end of the 24 h period simulated. This suggests that the synergistic effect of dynamic loading-induced advective transport and mechanical stimuli due to early weight bearing is likely to enhance secondary healing. Furthermore, the study suggests that relatively higher PA values or lower ICF wire pretension forces or smaller GS could result in increased chondrocyte and GF content within the callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesharajah Ganadhiepan
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia e-mail:
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Saeed Miramini
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Priyan Mendis
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Minoo Patel
- Epworth Hospital Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Peter Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yulong Wang
- Rehabilitation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, China
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Rahim S, Rahim F, Shirbandi K, Haghighi BB, Arjmand B. Sports Injuries: Diagnosis, Prevention, Stem Cell Therapy, and Medical Sport Strategy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1084:129-144. [PMID: 30539427 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sports injuries diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are the most important issues of sports medicine. Fortunately, sports injuries are often treated effectively, and people with damage recover and return to the sport in a satisfactory condition. Meanwhile, many sports injuries and complications can be prevented. In general, sports injuries include acute or chronic injuries. Given increasing in popularity, sports medicine doctors use stem cells to treat a wide variety of sports injuries, including damage to tendons, ligaments, muscles, and cartilage. Stem cell therapy to an injured area could be done through direct surgical application, stem-cell-bearing sutures, and injection. Stem cell therapy holds potential for repair and functional plasticity following sports injuries compared to traditional methods; however, the mechanism of stem cell therapy for sports injuries remains largely unknown. Medical imaging technologies provide the hope to ample the knowledge concerning basic stem cell biology in real time when transplanted into sport-induced damaged organs. Using stem cell treatment might restore continuity and regeneration and promote growth back the organ targets. Besides, using a noninvasive medical imaging method would have the long-time monitoring advantage to the stem cells transplanting individual. The multimodality imaging technique allows for studying acute pathological events following sports injuries; therefore, the use of imaging techniques in medicine permits the straight examination of dynamic regenerative events of specific stem cells following a sports injury in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rahim
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health research institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiarash Shirbandi
- Allied Health Sciences School, Radiology Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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