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Zhang P, Wang T, Yao Z, Li J, Wang Q, Xue Y, Jiang Y, Li Q, Li L, Qi Z, Niu J. Fine mapping of leaf delayed virescence gene dv4 in Triticum aestivum. Gene 2024; 910:148277. [PMID: 38364974 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, and its yield affects national food security. Wheat leaves are key photosynthetic organs where carbohydrates are synthesized for grain yield. Leaf colour mutants are ideal germplasm resources for molecular genetic studies of wheat chloroplast development, chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis. We obtained a wheat mutant delayed virescence 4 (dv4) from cultivar Guomai 301. The leaves of mutant dv4 were pale yellow at the seedling stage, golden yellow at the turning green stage, and they started to turn green at the jointing stage. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the yellow-leaf phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene named as dv4. Gene dv4 was fine mapped in a 1.46 Mb region on chromosome 7DS by SSR and dCAPS marker assays. Three putative candidate genes were identified in this region. Because no leaf colour genes have been reported on wheat chromosome arm 7DS previously, dv4 is a novel leaf colour gene. The result facilitates map-based cloning of dv4 and provides information for the construction of a high-photosynthetic efficiency ideotype for improving wheat yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ziping Yao
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yumei Jiang
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Li
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zengjun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jishan Niu
- Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat / National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Xie W, Xu D, Chen F, Wang Z, Luo J, He Y, Zheng Q, Liu C. Integrated Cytological, Physiological, and Transcriptome Analyses Provide Insight into the Albino Phenotype of Chinese Plum ( Prunus salicina). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14457. [PMID: 37833903 PMCID: PMC10573071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Albino seedlings that arise during seed reproduction can have a significant impact on plant growth and breeding. In this research, we present the first report of albino occurrences in the seed reproduction process of Prunus salicina and describe the cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic changes observed in albino seedlings. The albino seedlings which were observed in several plum cultivars exhibited abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure and perturbed stomatal structure. Compared to normal seedlings, the photosynthetic pigment contents in albino seedlings decreased by more than 90%, accompanied by significant reductions in several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Furthermore, substantially changed photosynthetic parameters indicated that the photosynthetic capacity and stomatal function were impaired in albino seedlings. Additionally, the activities of the antioxidant enzyme were drastically altered against the background of higher proline and lower ascorbic acid in leaves of albino seedlings. A total of 4048 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through transcriptomic sequencing, and the downregulated DEGs in albino seedlings were greatly enriched in the pathways for photosynthetic antenna proteins and flavonoid biosynthesis. GLK1 and Ftsz were identified as candidate genes responsible for the impaired chloroplast development and division in albino seedlings. Additionally, the substantial decline in the expression levels of examined photosystem-related chloroplast genes was validated in albino seedlings. Our findings shed light on the intricate physiological and molecular mechanisms driving albino plum seedling manifestation, which will contribute to improving the reproductive and breeding efforts of plums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.X.); (D.X.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Dantong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.X.); (D.X.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Fangce Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.X.); (D.X.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Zhengpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.X.); (D.X.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.X.); (D.X.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Yehua He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.X.); (D.X.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Qianming Zheng
- Institute of Pomology Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (W.X.); (D.X.); (F.C.); (Z.W.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
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Lu J, Sun L, Jin X, Islam MA, Guo F, Tang X, Zhao K, Hao H, Li N, Zhang W, Shi Y, Wang S, Sun D. Analysis of Physiological and Transcriptomic Differences between a Premature Senescence Mutant (GSm) and Its Wild-Type in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060904. [PMID: 35741425 PMCID: PMC9219967 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Early leaf senescence is an important agronomic trait that affects crop yield and quality. To understand the molecular mechanism of early leaf senescence, a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) premature leaf senescence mutant (GSm) and its wild type were employed in this study. We compared the physiological characteristics and transcriptome of wheat leaves between the wild type (WT) and the mutant at two-time points. Physiological characteristics and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis revealed many genes and metabolic pathways that were closely related to senescence. These results will not only support further gene cloning and functional analysis of GSm, but also facilitate the study of leaf senescence in wheat. Abstract Premature leaf senescence has a profound influence on crop yield and quality. Here, a stable premature senescence mutant (GSm) was obtained from the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Chang 6878 by mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate. The differences between the GSm mutant and its wild-type (WT) were analyzed in terms of yield characteristics, photosynthetic fluorescence indices, and senescence-related physiological parameters. RNA sequencing was used to reveal gene expression differences between GSm and WT. The results showed that the yield of GSm was considerably lower than that of WT. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, maximum quantum yield, non-photochemical quenching coefficient, photosynthetic electron transport rate, soluble protein, peroxidase activity, and catalase activity all remarkably decreased in flag leaves of GSm, whereas malondialdehyde content distinctively increased compared with those of WT. The analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated blockade of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, accelerated degradation of chlorophyll, and diminished photosynthetic capacity in mutant leaves; brassinolide might facilitate chlorophyll breakdown and consequently accelerate leaf senescence. NAC genes positively regulated the senescence process. Compared with NAC genes, expression of WRKY and MYB genes was induced earlier in the mutant possibly due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species and plant hormones (e.g., brassinolide, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid), thereby accelerating leaf senescence. Furthermore, the antioxidant system played a role in minimizing oxidative damage in the mutant. These results provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of premature leaf senescence in crops.
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Wang F, Chen N, Shen S. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Golden-Yellow Leaf Mutant in Hybrid Paper Mulberry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:127. [PMID: 35008552 PMCID: PMC8745438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development relies on the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, which takes place in the leaves. Chlorophyll mutant variations are important for studying certain physiological processes, including chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast biogenesis, and photosynthesis. To uncover the mechanisms of the golden-yellow phenotype of the hybrid paper mulberry plant, this study used physiological, cytological, and iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses to compare the green and golden-yellow leaves of hybrid paper mulberry. Physiological results showed that the mutants of hybrid paper mulberry showed golden-yellow leaves, reduced chlorophyll, and carotenoid content, and increased flavonoid content compared with wild-type plants. Cytological observations revealed defective chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of the mutants. Results demonstrated that 4766 proteins were identified from the hybrid paper mulberry leaves, of which 168 proteins displayed differential accumulations between the green and mutant leaves. The differentially accumulated proteins were primarily involved in chlorophyll synthesis, carotenoid metabolism, and photosynthesis. In addition, differentially accumulated proteins are associated with ribosome pathways and could enable plants to adapt to environmental conditions by regulating the proteome to reduce the impact of chlorophyll reduction on growth and survival. Altogether, this study provides a better understanding of the formation mechanism of the golden-yellow leaf phenotype by combining proteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Naizhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
| | - Shihua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
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Physiological and Molecular Analysis Reveals the Differences of Photosynthesis between Colored and Green Leaf Poplars. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168982. [PMID: 34445687 PMCID: PMC8396459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf coloration changes evoke different photosynthetic responses among different poplar cultivars. The aim of this study is to investigate the photosynthetic difference between a red leaf cultivar (ZHP) and a green leaf (L2025) cultivar of Populus deltoides. In this study, ‘ZHP’ exhibited wide ranges and huge potential for absorption and utilization of light energy and CO2 concentration which were similar to those in ‘L2025’ and even showed a stronger absorption for weak light. However, with the increasing light intensity and CO2 concentration, the photosynthetic capacity in both ‘L2025’ and ‘ZHP’ was gradually restricted, and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in ‘ZHP’ was significantly lower than that in ‘L2025’under high light or high CO2 conditions, which was mainly attributed to stomatal regulation and different photosynthetic efficiency (including the light energy utilization efficiency and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation efficiency) in these two poplars. Moreover, the higher anthocyanin content in ‘ZHP’ than that in ‘L2025’ was considered to be closely related to the decreased photosynthetic efficiency in ‘ZHP’. According to the results from the JIP-test, the capture efficiency of the reaction center for light energy in ‘L2025’ was significantly higher than that in ‘ZHP’. Interestingly, the higher levels of light quantum caused relatively higher accumulation of QA- in ‘L2025’, which blocked the electron transport and weakened the photosystem II (PSII) performance as compared with ‘ZHP’; however, the decreased capture of light quantum also could not promote the utilization of light energy, which was the key to the low photosynthetic efficiency in ‘ZHP’. The differential expressions of a series of photosynthesis-related genes further promoted these specific photosynthetic processes between ‘L2025’ and ‘ZHP’.
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Zhang K, Li Y, Zhu W, Wei Y, Njogu MK, Lou Q, Li J, Chen J. Fine Mapping and Transcriptome Analysis of Virescent Leaf Gene v-2 in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:570817. [PMID: 33101337 PMCID: PMC7545910 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.570817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are the ideal materials to explore the pathways of chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast development and photosynthesis system. In this study, a new virescent leaf mutant 104Y was identified by spontaneous mutation, whose cotyledon and upper five true leaves were yellow color. The yellow true leaves gradually turned green from top to bottom with increased chlorophyll contents. Genetic analysis indicated that the virescent leaf was controlled by one single recessive gene v-2, which was accurately mapped into 36.0-39.7 Mb interval on chromosome 3 by using BSA-seq and linkage analysis. Fine mapping analysis further narrowed v-2 into 73-kb genomic region including eight genes with BC1 and F2 populations. Through BSA-seq and cDNA sequencing analysis, only one nonsynonymous mutation existed in the Csa3G890020 gene encoding auxin F-box protein was identified, which was predicted as the candidate gene controlling virescent leaf. Comparative transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of Csa3G890020 was not changed between EC1 and 104Y. However, RNA-seq analysis identified that the key genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and auxin signaling transduction network were mainly down-regulated in 104Y compared with EC1, which indicated that the regulatory functions of Csa3G890020 could be performed at post-transcriptional level rather than transcriptional level. This is the first report to map-based clone an auxin F-box protein gene related to virescent leaf in cucumber. The results will exhibit a new insight into the chlorophyll biosynthesis regulated by auxin signaling transduction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Nanjing Vegetable Science Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Martin Kagiki Njogu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qunfeng Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Hu L, Zhang H, Xie C, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang H, Weng Y, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in CsHD encoding a histidine and aspartic acid domain-containing protein leads to yellow young leaf-1 (yyl-1) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 293:110407. [PMID: 32081257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are an ideal tool to study chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. In this study, we identified an EMS-induced yellow young leaf mutant C777. The mutant exhibited yellow cotyledons and emerging true leaves with stay-green dots that turn green gradually with leaf growth. Segregation analysis in several populations indicated that the mutant C777 was controlled by a recessive gene yyl-1. Fine mapping delimited the yyl-1 locus to a 45.3 kb region harboring 8 putative genes, but only one SNP (G to A) was identified between C777 and its wild-type parental line in this region which occurred in the 13th exon of CsHD that encodes a histidine and aspartic acid (HD) domain containing protein. This nonsense mutation introduced a stop codon and thus a premature protein. Uniqueness of this mutant allele was verified in 515 cucumber lines. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significantly reduced expression of CsHD gene in the mutant. Further, silencing the NbHD gene by VIGS in tobacco resulted in virescent young leaves and significantly down-regulated expression of HD gene. These results strongly supported the association of the CsHD gene with the virescent young leaf phenotype in C777. This is the first report to clone and characterize the CsHD gene in the horticultural crops. The results may help understand the functions of the HD gene in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
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Zhang K, Mu Y, Li W, Shan X, Wang N, Feng H. Identification of two recessive etiolation genes (py1, py2) in pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:68. [PMID: 32041529 PMCID: PMC7011377 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color is a major agronomic trait, which has a strong influence on crop yields. Isolating leaf color mutants can represent valuable materials for research in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis and metabolism regulation. RESULTS In this study, we identified a stably inherited yellow leaf mutant derived from 'Huaguan' pakchoi variety via isolated microspore culture and designated as pylm. This mutant displayed yellow leaves after germination. Its etiolated phenotype was nonlethal and stable during the whole growth period. Its growth was weak and its hypocotyls were markedly elongated. Genetic analysis revealed that two recessive nuclear genes, named py1 and py2, are responsible for the etiolation phenotype. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) showed that py1 and py2 were mapped on chromosomes A09 and A07, respectively. The genes were single Mendelian factors in F3:4 populations based on a 3:1 phenotypic segregation ratio. The py1 was localized to a 258.3-kb interval on a 34-gene genome. The differentially expressed gene BraA09004189 was detected in the py1 mapping region and regulated heme catabolism. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of BraA09004189 occurred in pylm. A candidate gene-specific SNP marker in 1520 F3:4 yellow-colored individuals co-segregated with py1. For py2, 1860 recessive homozygous F3:4 individuals were investigated and localized py2 to a 4.4-kb interval. Of the five genes in this region, BraA07001774 was predicted as a candidate for py2. It encoded an embryo defective 1187 and a phosphotransferase related to chlorophyll deficiency and hypocotyl elongation. One SNP of BraA07001774 occurred in pylm. It caused a single amino acid mutation from Asp to Asn. According to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), BraA07001774 was downregulated in pylm. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a Chl deficiency mutant pylm in pakchoi. Two recessive nuclear genes named py1 and py2 had a significant effect on etiolation. Candidate genes regulating etiolation were identified as BraA09004189 and BraA07001774, respectively. These findings will elucidate chlorophyll metabolism and the molecular mechanisms of the gene interactions controlling pakchoi etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Li
- Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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Gao TM, Wei SL, Chen J, Wu Y, Li F, Wei LB, Li C, Zeng YJ, Tian Y, Wang DY, Zhang HY. Cytological, genetic, and proteomic analysis of a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) mutant Siyl-1 with yellow-green leaf color. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:25-39. [PMID: 31677128 PMCID: PMC6942039 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both photosynthetic pigments and chloroplasts in plant leaf cells play an important role in deciding on the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in plants. Systematical investigating the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) content variation is necessary for clarifying the photosynthesis mechanism for crops. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the critical regulatory mechanism of leaf color mutation in a yellow-green leaf sesame mutant Siyl-1. METHODS We performed the genetic analysis of the yellow-green leaf color mutation using the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1. We compared the morphological structure of the chloroplasts, chlorophyll content of the three genotypes of the mutant F2 progeny. We performed the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and compared the protein expression variation between the mutant progeny and the wild type. RESULTS Genetic analysis indicated that there were 3 phenotypes of the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1, i.e., YY type with light-yellow leaf color (lethal); Yy type with yellow-green leaf color, and yy type with normal green leaf color. The yellow-green mutation was controlled by an incompletely dominant nuclear gene, Siyl-1. Compared with the wild genotype, the chloroplast number and the morphological structure in YY and Yy mutant lines varied evidently. The chlorophyll content also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The 2-DE comparison showed that there were 98 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among YY, Yy, and yy lines. All the 98 DEPs were classified into 5 functional groups. Of which 82.7% DEPs proteins belonged to the photosynthesis and energy metabolism group. CONCLUSION The results revealed the genetic character of yellow-green leaf color mutant Siyl-1. 98 DEPs were found in YY and Yy mutant compared with the wild genotype. The regulation pathway related with the yellow leaf trait mutation in sesame was analyzed for the first time. The findings supplied the basic theoretical and gene basis for leaf color and chloroplast development mechanism in sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuang-Ling Wei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Feng Li
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Li-Bin Wei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chun Li
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yan-Juan Zeng
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Dong-Yong Wang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Mao G, Wei H, Hu W, Ma Q, Zhang M, Wang H, Yu S. Fine mapping and molecular characterization of the virescent gene vsp in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2069-2086. [PMID: 30953093 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The vsp gene was fine mapped to a 353.7-kb region, and a 201-bp deletion that affected chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis was found in the candidate gene GhPUR4. Virescent mutations can be used as marker traits in heterosis breeding and can also be used to research chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis mechanisms. Here, we obtained a light-sensitive virescent mutant, vsp, that has reduced chlorophyll (Chl) content and abnormal chloroplast development. Then, the virescent space (vsp) gene in the vsp mutant was preliminarily mapped to a 38.32-Mb region of chromosome D04 using a high-density SNP genetic map with a total length of 5384.33 cM and 4472 bin markers. Furthermore, the vsp gene was narrowed down to a 353.7-kb region that contains 15 candidate genes using 484 virescent individuals from an F2 population. Sequence analysis of genes in this region showed that a 201-bp deletion was present in the Gh_D04G1108 (GhPUR4) gene in the vsp mutant. The 201-bp deletion of Gh_D04G1108 caused the deletion of 67 AAs in the GhPUR4 protein. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GhPUR4 in normal plants caused reduced GhPUR4 gene expression levels, reduced Chl content, abnormal chloroplast development and virescent true leaves. This study could help us unravel the function of GhPUR4 in chloroplast development and Chl biosynthesis at the early developmental stages of the true leaves in cotton, which could promote the research and application of virescent mutations in cotton heterosis breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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